钦州湾溢油数值模块及其应用
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摘要
本文应用水动力模型及溢油模块对代表性风况下钦州湾金鼓江的溢油事故进行情景模拟,且水动力模型结果与实测潮位和实测潮流吻合较好。低潮时发生溢油,不同风况下油粒子在5.5-8.5h后漂到金鼓江上游养殖区。高潮时发生溢油,油粒子在不同风况下漂移轨迹差别较大,例如无风时油粒子在钦州湾颈和三墩外海附近往复运动,而南风3.3m/s工况下油粒子将最终影响大榄坪港区的东南端。另外,高风速下不利风向会缩减油膜抵达敏感区的时间,同时风速越大,蒸发越快。因此风场对溢油模型有重要意义,今后将在精细化WRF模型基础上优化溢油模型并构建溢油决策系统,为地方经济发展和海洋环境保护提供科技支撑。
In this paper oil spill accidents under typical wind conditions are simulated using the Mike hydro-model and an oil-spill module. The simulated tidal levels and currents fit the observations well. If the oil spill accident occurs at low tidal level, the oil particles drift with the tidal currents and reach the upstream mariculture zones in 5.5 to 8.5 hours. If the accident occurs at high tidal level, the path of oil particles varies. In condition of no wind included, the oil particles move back and forth between the narrow west part of Qinzhou Bay and the open seas near Sandun. With a southerly wind of 3.3 m/s the oil particles touch the southeastern part of Dalanping port area. Moreover, winds with high speed and unfavorable directions will decrease the time to reach seashore, and high speed wind will increase the process of evaporation. The significance of accurate wind field in oil spill modeling is stressed. We plan to improve the oil spill module on the basis of refine WRF model, and focus on the construction of oil spill management system to support local economic development and marine environmental protection in our next step of study.
In this paper oil spill accidents under typical wind conditions are simulated using the Mike hydro-model and an oil-spill module. The simulated tidal levels and currents fit the observations well. If the oil spill accident occurs at low tidal level, the oil particles drift with the tidal currents and reach the upstream mariculture zones in 5.5 to 8.5 hours. If the accident occurs at high tidal level, the path of oil particles varies. In condition of no wind included, the oil particles move back and forth between the narrow west part of Qinzhou Bay and the open seas near Sandun. With a southerly wind of 3.3 m/s the oil particles touch the southeastern part of Dalanping port area. Moreover, winds with high speed and unfavorable directions will decrease the time to reach seashore, and high speed wind will increase the process of evaporation. The significance of accurate wind field in oil spill modeling is stressed. We plan to improve the oil spill module on the basis of refine WRF model, and focus on the construction of oil spill management system to support local economic development and marine environmental protection in our next step of study.
引文
[1] 李筠,陈荣昌,颜惠民.基于溢油轨迹和归宿模型的钦州湾溢油风险研究[J].港航节能,2010,1:1-19.
[2] 龙颖贤,韩保新,宋巍巍.钦州湾突发性溢油的生态风险研究[A].战略环境评价中的区域生态风险评价理论与方法国际研讨会论文集,北京:中国环境科学学会,2010:209-214.
[3] 黄成.二维海上溢油扩散预测模型及其在广西近海的应用[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2013.
[4] 牙韩争,李谊纯,董德信.钦州湾海上溢油扩散数值模拟[J].广西科学,2016,23(2):156-162.
[5] Fay J.A.The spread of oil slicks on a calm sea[A].Oil on the Sea.D.P.Hoult,Ed.,Springer,Boston,MA,1969:53-63.
[6] W.J.Lehr,R.J.Fraga,M.S.Belen and H.M.Cekirge.A New Technique to Estimate Initial Spill Size Using A Modified Fay-Type Spreading Formula[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1984,15(9),326-329
[2] 龙颖贤,韩保新,宋巍巍.钦州湾突发性溢油的生态风险研究[A].战略环境评价中的区域生态风险评价理论与方法国际研讨会论文集,北京:中国环境科学学会,2010:209-214.
[3] 黄成.二维海上溢油扩散预测模型及其在广西近海的应用[D].长沙:长沙理工大学,2013.
[4] 牙韩争,李谊纯,董德信.钦州湾海上溢油扩散数值模拟[J].广西科学,2016,23(2):156-162.
[5] Fay J.A.The spread of oil slicks on a calm sea[A].Oil on the Sea.D.P.Hoult,Ed.,Springer,Boston,MA,1969:53-63.
[6] W.J.Lehr,R.J.Fraga,M.S.Belen and H.M.Cekirge.A New Technique to Estimate Initial Spill Size Using A Modified Fay-Type Spreading Formula[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,1984,15(9),326-329