运输应激对驴血液指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究长途运输应激对驴血液指标的影响。试验以12头体重(140.8±5.2)kg的德州驴为研究对象,运输距离约950km,发车地气温为-20℃,目的地气温为-10℃,历时21h,其中包括10次停车观察(≤20min)。分别在运输前、运输后0h和运输后3、5、7、9、15d采集颈静脉血15mL,进行血液激素指标、血常规指标和血液生化指标检测,并分别记录运输前、运输后0h和运输后10、20、30d体重。结果显示,与运输前相比,落地后0h血清中促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、热休克蛋白90(HSP90)和皮质醇(cortisol)浓度均显著升高(P<0.05),落地后3、5、7、9、15d内逐渐降低,ACTH和HSP90基本恢复至运输前水平;中性粒细胞总数(Neu)、红细胞总数(RBC)和血红蛋白浓度(HGB)均较运输前显著上升(P<0.05),白细胞总数(WBC)有所上升但与运输前差异不显著(P>0.05),淋巴细胞总数(LYM)较运输前显著下降(P<0.05);血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、肌酐(CREA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、运输前后均未发生显著变化(P>0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、尿素(UREA)均较运输前显著上升(P<0.05);体重较运输前显著下降(P<0.05),运输后10d内体重已恢复至运输前水平。上述结果表明,长途运输可诱发驴的应激反应、肝脏损伤、机体代谢水平升高等,但免疫系统未受到明显损害,在落地后15d内机体逐渐从应激反应中恢复至运输前状态。
This study was designed to investigate the effects of long-distance transport stress on blood parameters of donkey.The study was conducted with 12 heads of Dezhou donkeys with weight of(140.8±5.2)kg,the transportation distance was about 950 km,the departure temperature was-20℃,and the destination temperature was-10℃,which lasted for 21 h,including 10 parking observations(≤20 min).15 mL of jugular venous blood was collected before loading,0 h after transportation and 3,5,7,9 and 15 dafter transportation,and blood hormone indexes,blood routine indexes and blood biochemical indexes were detected,and the weights before transport,0 h after transport and 10,20 and 30 dafter transport were recorded.The results showed that theconcentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),heat shock protein 90(HSP90)and cortisol in the serum at 0 hafter landing were significantly higher than those before transportation(P<0.05),and gradually decreased within 3,5,7,9 and 15 dafter transportation,and ACTH and HSP90 recovered to pre-carriage levels.The number of neutrophils(Neu),the total number of red blood cells(RBC)and the hemoglobin concentration(HGB)increased significantly after 3,5,7,9 and 15 d(P<0.05),the total number of white blood cells(WBC)increased but not significantly different from that before transportation(P>0.05),the total number of lymphocyte(LYM)was significantly lower than before transport(P<0.05).There were no significant changes in serum total protein(TP),serum albumin(ALB),creatinine(CREA)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)before and after transport(P>0.05).Aspartate aminotransferase(AST),creatine kinase(CK)and urea(UREA)were significantly higher than before transport(P<0.05).The body weight decreased significantly(P<0.05),and recovered to the pre-transport level within 10 dafter transportation.The above results indicated that long-distance transport induced stress response to sputum,liver damage and elevated levels of metabolism,but the immune system was not significantly damaged.Within 15 dafter landing,the body gradually recovered from the stress response to the pre-shipment state.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of long-distance transport stress on blood parameters of donkey.The study was conducted with 12 heads of Dezhou donkeys with weight of(140.8±5.2)kg,the transportation distance was about 950 km,the departure temperature was-20℃,and the destination temperature was-10℃,which lasted for 21 h,including 10 parking observations(≤20 min).15 mL of jugular venous blood was collected before loading,0 h after transportation and 3,5,7,9 and 15 dafter transportation,and blood hormone indexes,blood routine indexes and blood biochemical indexes were detected,and the weights before transport,0 h after transport and 10,20 and 30 dafter transport were recorded.The results showed that theconcentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH),heat shock protein 90(HSP90)and cortisol in the serum at 0 hafter landing were significantly higher than those before transportation(P<0.05),and gradually decreased within 3,5,7,9 and 15 dafter transportation,and ACTH and HSP90 recovered to pre-carriage levels.The number of neutrophils(Neu),the total number of red blood cells(RBC)and the hemoglobin concentration(HGB)increased significantly after 3,5,7,9 and 15 d(P<0.05),the total number of white blood cells(WBC)increased but not significantly different from that before transportation(P>0.05),the total number of lymphocyte(LYM)was significantly lower than before transport(P<0.05).There were no significant changes in serum total protein(TP),serum albumin(ALB),creatinine(CREA)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)before and after transport(P>0.05).Aspartate aminotransferase(AST),creatine kinase(CK)and urea(UREA)were significantly higher than before transport(P<0.05).The body weight decreased significantly(P<0.05),and recovered to the pre-transport level within 10 dafter transportation.The above results indicated that long-distance transport induced stress response to sputum,liver damage and elevated levels of metabolism,but the immune system was not significantly damaged.Within 15 dafter landing,the body gradually recovered from the stress response to the pre-shipment state.
引文
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[12]肖定福,张彬,胡雄贵.热应激蛋白对畜禽抗应激机理的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009,36(4):58-62.XIAO D F,ZHANG B,HU X G.Research progress on the mechanism of heat stress protein against stress in livestock and poultry[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2009,36(4):58-62.(in Chinese)
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[14]CHEN G,BRADFORD W D,SEIDEL C W,et al.Hsp90 stress potentiates rapid cellular adaptation through induction of aneuploidy[J].Nature,2012,482(7384):246-250.
[15]杨焕民.应激肉牛集中组织中HSPs表达的研究[D].长春:中国人民解放军军需大学,2002.YANG H M.Study on HSPs expression in concentrated tissue of stressed beef cattle[D].Changchun:PLA Quartermaster University,2002.(in Chinese)
[16]舒班超,麻武仁,尹朋.运输应激对大鼠空肠形态与热休克蛋白家族mRNA表达的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2012,48(11):9-13.SHU B C,MA W R,YIN P.Effects of transportation stress on rats’jejunum morphology and Hsps mRNAexpression[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2012,48(11):9-13.(in Chinese)
[17]TARRANT P V,KENNY F J,HARRINGTON D,et al.Long distance transportation of steers to slaughter:Effect of stocking density on physiology,behaviour and carcass quality[J].Livestock Production Science,1992,30(3):223-238.
[18]EARLEY B,FISHER A D,RIORDAN E G.Effects of pre-transport fasting on the physiological responses of young cattle to 8-hour road transport[J].Irish Journal of Agricultural Food Research,2006,45(1):51-60.
[19]韩瑾瑾,杨高丰,张凯韩,等.夏南牛运输前后生理指标和血液指标的对比研究[J].动物医学进展,2011,32(3):121-124.HAN J J,YANG G F,ZHANG K H,et al.Comparative study on physiological and blood indexes before and after transportation in Xianan cattle[J].Advances in Animal Medicine,2011,32(3):121-124.(in Chinese)
[20]DUNN J A.Psychoneuroimmunology for the psychoneuroendocrinologist:A review of animal studies of nervous system-immune system interactions[J].Psychoneuroendocrinology,1989,14(4):251-274.
[21]范超,吴勇,刘孝然,等.断奶应激对奶水牛犊血液生理生化指标和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(7):1749-1754.FAN C,WU Y,LIU X R,et al.Effect of weaning stress on blood physiology and biochemistry indexes and immune function dairy buffalo calves[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(7):1749-1754.(in Chinese)
[22]BIECHA F,BOYLES S L,RILEY J G.Shipping suppresses lymphocyte blastogenic responses in Angus and Brahman×Angus feeder calves[J].Journal of Animal Science,1984,59(3):576-583.
[23]MURATA H,TAKAHASHI H,MATSUMOTO H.The effect of road transportation on peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations,lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil function in calves[J].British Veterinary Journal,1987,143(2):166-174.
[24]刘延鑫,孙宇,李业亮,等.黄芪多糖缓解肉牛短途运输应激的效果研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(1):87-93.LIU Y X,SUN Y,LI Y L,et al.Effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on short-distance transport stress in beef cattle[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(1):87-93.(in Chinese)
[25]龚锌.热负荷对SD大鼠AST、CK和LKH的影响[J].中国公共卫生学报,1996,15(2):95-96.GONG X.Effect of heat load on AST,CK and LKHin SD rats[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,1996,15(2):95-96.(in Chinese)
[26]邓红雨,范佳英,郑立.禁食禁水长途运输和运输后恢复对肉牛血液指标的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2012,32(12):1866-1885.DENG H Y,FAN J Y,ZHENG L.Effects of wholejourney fasting by road transport and post-transport recovery on the haemotological indices of beef cattle[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2012,32(12):1866-1885.(in Chinese)
[27]王国艮,吴鑫,孟庆翔,等.运输应激对反刍动物机体功能及肉品质影响的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(3):755-760.WANG G G,WU X,MENG Q X,et al.Research progress on effect of transport stress on ruminants body function and meat quality[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(3):755-760.(in Chinese)
[28]李留安,杜改梅,金天明.运输应激对动物机体功能影响的研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2010,34:40-41.LI L A,DU G M,JIN T M.Research progress on the effects of transport stress on animal organism function[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2010,34:40-41.(in Chinese)
[2]PADALINO B,RAIDAL S,HALL E,et al.Survey of horse transportation in Australia:Issues and practices[J].Australian Veterinary Journal,2016,94(10):349-357.
[3]李妍,高艳霞,许利民,等.长途运输应激对西门塔尔牛体重、血液生化指标和细胞因子含量的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(5):1234-1240.LI Y,GAO Y X,XU L M,et al.Effects of long-distance transportation stress on the body weight,blood biochemical indexes and cytokine contents of Simmental cattle[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(5):1234-1240.(in Chinese)
[4]邓红雨.公路运输条件下牛的运输应激反应研究[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2013.DENG H Y.Studies on stress response of cattle by road transport[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[5]许利凡.运输对夏南牛血液主要APPs、激素及细胞因子水平的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2014.XU L F.The effect of transportation on the levels of main acute phase protein(APPs),hormones and cytokines in Xia-nan beef cattle blood[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[6]HERDEGENE T,SANDKUHLER J,GASS P.JUN,FOS,KROX,and CREB transcription factor proteins in the rat cortex:Basal expression and induction by spreading depression and epileptic seizures[J].Journal of Comparative Neurology,1993,333(2):271-288.
[7]MOMTMINY M R,BILEZIKJIAN L M.Binding of a nuclear protein to the cyclic-AMP response element of the somatostatin gene[J].Nature,1987,328(6126):175-178.
[8]SAEKI K,YOU A,TAKAKU F.Cell-cycle-regulated phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein:Identification of novel phosphorylation sites[J].Biochem Journal,1999,338(Pt 1):49-54.
[9]王雍,杨伟月,马晓晓,等.运输应激对肉牛血清中多种应激指标的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018,42(7):1-3.WANG Y,YANG W Y,MA X X,et al.The effect of transport stress on multiple stress indicators in beef serum[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2014,42(7):1-3.(in Chinese)
[10]侯芳,徐新龙,候宁,等.阿哈尔捷金马对长途运输的应激反应研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(11):3156-3162.HOU F,XU X L,HOU N,et al.Stress response of Akhal-teke horses after long distance transportation[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(11):3156-3162.(in Chinese)
[11]辛春艳.肉牛专用运输车与普通车对肉牛运输的效果比较[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2015.XIN C Y.The comparison of transportation effect of the special vehicle for beef cattle and ordinary transport vehicle[D].Zhengzhou:Henan Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[12]肖定福,张彬,胡雄贵.热应激蛋白对畜禽抗应激机理的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009,36(4):58-62.XIAO D F,ZHANG B,HU X G.Research progress on the mechanism of heat stress protein against stress in livestock and poultry[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2009,36(4):58-62.(in Chinese)
[13]ALBERTS B,BRAY D,LEWIS J,et al.Molecular Biology of the Cell[M].3rd Edition.New York:Garland Pub,Inc,1994.
[14]CHEN G,BRADFORD W D,SEIDEL C W,et al.Hsp90 stress potentiates rapid cellular adaptation through induction of aneuploidy[J].Nature,2012,482(7384):246-250.
[15]杨焕民.应激肉牛集中组织中HSPs表达的研究[D].长春:中国人民解放军军需大学,2002.YANG H M.Study on HSPs expression in concentrated tissue of stressed beef cattle[D].Changchun:PLA Quartermaster University,2002.(in Chinese)
[16]舒班超,麻武仁,尹朋.运输应激对大鼠空肠形态与热休克蛋白家族mRNA表达的影响[J].中国兽医杂志,2012,48(11):9-13.SHU B C,MA W R,YIN P.Effects of transportation stress on rats’jejunum morphology and Hsps mRNAexpression[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2012,48(11):9-13.(in Chinese)
[17]TARRANT P V,KENNY F J,HARRINGTON D,et al.Long distance transportation of steers to slaughter:Effect of stocking density on physiology,behaviour and carcass quality[J].Livestock Production Science,1992,30(3):223-238.
[18]EARLEY B,FISHER A D,RIORDAN E G.Effects of pre-transport fasting on the physiological responses of young cattle to 8-hour road transport[J].Irish Journal of Agricultural Food Research,2006,45(1):51-60.
[19]韩瑾瑾,杨高丰,张凯韩,等.夏南牛运输前后生理指标和血液指标的对比研究[J].动物医学进展,2011,32(3):121-124.HAN J J,YANG G F,ZHANG K H,et al.Comparative study on physiological and blood indexes before and after transportation in Xianan cattle[J].Advances in Animal Medicine,2011,32(3):121-124.(in Chinese)
[20]DUNN J A.Psychoneuroimmunology for the psychoneuroendocrinologist:A review of animal studies of nervous system-immune system interactions[J].Psychoneuroendocrinology,1989,14(4):251-274.
[21]范超,吴勇,刘孝然,等.断奶应激对奶水牛犊血液生理生化指标和免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(7):1749-1754.FAN C,WU Y,LIU X R,et al.Effect of weaning stress on blood physiology and biochemistry indexes and immune function dairy buffalo calves[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(7):1749-1754.(in Chinese)
[22]BIECHA F,BOYLES S L,RILEY J G.Shipping suppresses lymphocyte blastogenic responses in Angus and Brahman×Angus feeder calves[J].Journal of Animal Science,1984,59(3):576-583.
[23]MURATA H,TAKAHASHI H,MATSUMOTO H.The effect of road transportation on peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations,lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil function in calves[J].British Veterinary Journal,1987,143(2):166-174.
[24]刘延鑫,孙宇,李业亮,等.黄芪多糖缓解肉牛短途运输应激的效果研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(1):87-93.LIU Y X,SUN Y,LI Y L,et al.Effect of Astragalus polysaccharides on short-distance transport stress in beef cattle[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(1):87-93.(in Chinese)
[25]龚锌.热负荷对SD大鼠AST、CK和LKH的影响[J].中国公共卫生学报,1996,15(2):95-96.GONG X.Effect of heat load on AST,CK and LKHin SD rats[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,1996,15(2):95-96.(in Chinese)
[26]邓红雨,范佳英,郑立.禁食禁水长途运输和运输后恢复对肉牛血液指标的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2012,32(12):1866-1885.DENG H Y,FAN J Y,ZHENG L.Effects of wholejourney fasting by road transport and post-transport recovery on the haemotological indices of beef cattle[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2012,32(12):1866-1885.(in Chinese)
[27]王国艮,吴鑫,孟庆翔,等.运输应激对反刍动物机体功能及肉品质影响的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(3):755-760.WANG G G,WU X,MENG Q X,et al.Research progress on effect of transport stress on ruminants body function and meat quality[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(3):755-760.(in Chinese)
[28]李留安,杜改梅,金天明.运输应激对动物机体功能影响的研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2010,34:40-41.LI L A,DU G M,JIN T M.Research progress on the effects of transport stress on animal organism function[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2010,34:40-41.(in Chinese)
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