贵州草海小龙虾体内重金属富集与环境的关系
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摘要
【目的】探究贵州草海小龙虾不同部位重金属的富集情况及与其生活环境间的关系,为小龙虾的安全健康养殖和水体重金属污染状况的科学评估提供依据。【方法】采集草海不同样地的水样、底泥和小龙虾样品,并对草海小龙虾进行不同浓度重金属Cu~(2+)和Cd~(2+)室内富集试验,运用原子吸收法测定小龙虾不同部位Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Hg等5种重金属的含量,采用Pearson相关性分析、方差分析对小龙虾不同部位重金属富集情况与样地环境进行分析。【结果】5种重金属元素在小龙虾样品、底泥和水样中均有检出,检出率100%,5种重金属在小龙虾不同部位含量由大到小均呈现出内脏>虾壳>虾肉的规律;Pearson相关性分析结果表明小龙虾样品中的Cd、Pb、Zn含量与底泥中的相应元素具有显著正相关,与水样具有一定相关性但相关性不显著;室内不同浓度重金属Cu~(2+)和Cd~(2+)富集试验显示,随着重金属离子的浓度增高,小龙虾内脏中的重金属含量升高,虾壳、虾肉、螯肢变化不明显。【结论】小龙虾不同部位对重金属的富集能力不同,小龙虾体内重金属含量的高低与环境中重金属含量密切相关。
【Objective】Heavy metal accumulations in organs of crawfish at Caohai Lake in Guizhou were measured to determine the effect of environmental pollution,providing reference for the healthy cultivation of crayfish and scientific evaluation on the heavy metal contamination.【Method】Samples of water, sediment and crayfish were collected from various locations on the lake for heavy metal determination. An experiment of live crayfish cultivated under enriched Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) conditions was conducted in the laboratory to generate a simulated heavy metal transfer model. The contents of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg in the collected soil and crayfish samples as well as in the various organs of the cultivated crayfish were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Pearson correlation analysis and variance analysis were applied to analyze the data. 【Result】All 5 heavy metals were detected in the crayfish, sediment and water samples from the lake. The metal contents in the crayfish organs differed in the order of viscera>shell> meat. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that Cd, Pb and Zn in the sampled crayfish significantly correlated with those in the sampled sediment, but not the water samples.The heavy metal concentration in the viscera, but not in the shell, meat or claw, of the crayfish raised in the lab increased with increasing heavy metal addition to the water. 【Conclusion】The contamination of heavy metals in crayfish closely related to the conditions of the lake in which it lived. And, the heavy metal contents varied in different organs of the shellfish.
【Objective】Heavy metal accumulations in organs of crawfish at Caohai Lake in Guizhou were measured to determine the effect of environmental pollution,providing reference for the healthy cultivation of crayfish and scientific evaluation on the heavy metal contamination.【Method】Samples of water, sediment and crayfish were collected from various locations on the lake for heavy metal determination. An experiment of live crayfish cultivated under enriched Cu~(2+) and Cd~(2+) conditions was conducted in the laboratory to generate a simulated heavy metal transfer model. The contents of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn and Hg in the collected soil and crayfish samples as well as in the various organs of the cultivated crayfish were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Pearson correlation analysis and variance analysis were applied to analyze the data. 【Result】All 5 heavy metals were detected in the crayfish, sediment and water samples from the lake. The metal contents in the crayfish organs differed in the order of viscera>shell> meat. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that Cd, Pb and Zn in the sampled crayfish significantly correlated with those in the sampled sediment, but not the water samples.The heavy metal concentration in the viscera, but not in the shell, meat or claw, of the crayfish raised in the lab increased with increasing heavy metal addition to the water. 【Conclusion】The contamination of heavy metals in crayfish closely related to the conditions of the lake in which it lived. And, the heavy metal contents varied in different organs of the shellfish.
引文
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[18]黎杨,夏品华,葛皓,等.高原湖泊湿地草海沉积物胞外酶与有机碳的时空动态[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(7):2723-2730.LI Y,XIA P H,GE H,et al.Temporal and spatial dynamics of extracellular enzymes and organic carbon in caohai sediments of plateau lakes and wetlands[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(7):2723-2730.(in Chinese)
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[24]张振燕.重金属在克氏原螯虾体内吸收与蓄积特性及蓄积过程重金属间相互作用的研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2013.ZHANG Z Y.Study on the absorption and accumulation characteristics of heavy metals and the interaction between heavy metals in Procamaeusclarkii[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University,2013.(in Chinese)
[25]李学鹏.重金属在双壳贝类体内的生物富集动力学及净化技术的初步研究[D].杭州:浙江工商大学,2008.LI X P.Preliminary study on bioenrichment kinetics and purification techniques of heavy metals in Bivalves[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Gongshang University,2008.(in Chinese)
[26]LOUREIRO S,SOARES AMVM.Terrestrial avoidance tests as screening tool to assess soil contamination[J].Environmental pollution,2005,138:121-131.
[27]王书莉.Cd2+、Pb2+、Cu2+浓度对克氏原螯虾生长及其体内富集的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2012.WANG S L.Effects of Cd2+,Pb2+ and Cu2+ on the growth and enrichment of Procamaeuskerneri[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2012.(in Chinese)
[28]郭雪莲,吕宪国,郗敏.植物在湿地养分循环中的作用[J].生态学杂志,2007(10):1628-1633.GUO X L,LV X G,XI M.The role of plants in nutrient cycling in wetlands[J].Journal of Ecology,2007(10):1628-1633.(in Chinese)
[29]尹澄清,邵霞,王星.白洋淀水陆交错带土壤对磷氮截留容量的初步研究[J].生态学杂志,1999(5):7-11.YIN C Q,SHAO X,WANG X.Preliminary Study on Phosphorus and Nitrogen Interception Capacity of Soil in the Water-Land Interlaced Zone of Baiyangdian Lake[J].Journal of Ecology,1999(5):7-11.(in Chinese)
[30]许炼烽,邓绍龙,陈继鑫,等.河流底泥污染及其控制与修复[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(10):1708-1715.XU L F,DENG S L,CHEN J X,et al.River Sediment Pollution and Its Control and Rehabilitation[J].Journal of Ecological Environment,2014,23(10):1708-1715.(in Chinese)
[2]王华全,沈伊亮.湖北出口淡水小龙虾重金属污染监测与分析[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(9):2140-2142,2145.WANG H Q,SHEN Y L.Monitoring and analysis of heavy metal pollution of Crayfish exported from Hubei province[J].Hubei Agricultural Science,2014,53(9):2140-2142,2145.(in Chinese)
[3]唐鑫生.克氏原螯虾[J].生物学通报,2001(9):19-20.TANG X S.Procambarusclarkii[J].Biological Bulletin,2001(9):19-20.(in Chinese)
[4]唐建清,宋胜磊,潘建林,等.克氏原螯虾对几种人工洞穴的选择性[J].水产科学,2004(5):26-28.TANG J Q,SONG S L,PAN J L,et al.The selectivity of several artificial caves in primordial Crayfish[J].Fisheries Science,2004(5):26-28.(in Chinese)
[5]REYONLD J D,HOLDCH D M.Growth and Blologyreoroductlon of freshwater Cayflsh[M].Oxford,UK:Blackwell Science,2002:152-191.
[6]GHERARDL F.Crayfish Invading Europe:The case study of Procambarusclarkii[J].Marine and Freshwater Behavlour and Physlology,2006,39(3):175-191.
[7]孙振中,林惠山,姚根娣,等.重金属等若干污染因子对克氏原螯虾的影响[J].水产科技情报,1995(3):107-110.SUN Z Z,LIN H S,YAO G D,et al.Effects of heavy metals and other pollution factors on Procamaeusclarkii[J].Aquatic Science and Technology Information,1995(3):107-110.(in Chinese)
[8]龚珞军,舒新亚,熊邦喜,等.重金属对克氏原螯虾的影响及其对策[J].水利渔业,2007(5):17-20.GONG L J,SHU X Y,XIONG B X,et al.Effects of heavy metals on Crayfish and its countermeasures[J].Water Fisheries,2007(5):17-20.(in Chinese)
[9]章海风,陆红梅,路新国.食品中重金属污染现状及防治对策[J].中国食物与营养,2010(8):17-19.ZHANG H F,LU H M,LU X G.Current situation of heavy metal pollution in food and its control countermeasures[J].Chinese Food and Nutrition,2010(8):17-19.(in Chinese)
[10]朱玉芳,崔勇华,戈志强,等.重金属元素在克氏原螯虾体内的生物富集作用[J].水利渔业,2003(1):11-12.ZHU Y F,CUI Y H,GE Z Q,et al.Biological enrichment of heavy metal elements in Procamaeusclarkii[J].Water Fisheries,2003(1):11-12.(in Chinese)
[11]周立志,陈春玲,张磊,等.三种重金属在克氏原螯虾体内的富集特征[J].生态学杂志,2008(9):1498-1502.ZHOU L Z,CHEN C L,ZHANG L,et al.Enrichment of three heavy metals in Procamaeusclarkii[J].Journal of Ecology,2008(9):1498-1502.(in Chinese)
[12]黄霞.安徽地区克氏原螯虾及其水体五种重金属污染评价[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2009.HUANG X.Pollution assessment of five heavy metals in Procamaeusclarkii and its waters in Anhui Province[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
[13]ADEYMO,KUDIR A T.Bioconcentration of lend in the tissues of feral and laboratory exposed Clariasgariepinus[J].J Med Sci,2008,8(3):281-286.
[14]赵白,姜川,田晓宇,等.缙云县克氏原螯虾对5种重金属富集特征性的研究[J].丽水学院学报,2010,32(2):16-18.ZHAO B,JIANG C,TIAN X Y,et al.Study on the enrichment characteristics of 5 heavy metals in Crayfish from Jinyun County[J].Journal of Lishui University,2010,32(2):16-18.(in Chinese)
[15]张萌,朱春潮,汪雁,等.克氏原螯虾重金属富集的研究进展[J].南昌大学学报(医学版),2016,56(2):80-87.ZHANG M,ZHU C C,WANG Y,et al.Advances in Heavy Metal Enrichment in Crayfish[J].Journal of Nanchang University (Medical Edition),2016,56(2):80-87.(in Chinese)
[16]蔡国俊.草海喀斯特高原湿地水体富营养化与水生植物关系研究[D].贵阳:贵州大学,2016.CAI G J.Study on the relationship between water eutrophication and aquatic plants in karst plateau[D].Guiyang:Guizhou University,2016.(in Chinese)
[17]蔡京兰,熊源新,张宇敏.草海自然保护区的藻类植物与水体富营养化关系初探[J].贵州林业科技,1996(2):22-24,39.CAI J L,XIONG Y X,ZHANG Y M.A preliminary study on the relationship between algae and eutrophication in Caohai nature reserve[J].Guizhou Forestry Technology,1996(2):22-24,39.(in Chinese)
[18]黎杨,夏品华,葛皓,等.高原湖泊湿地草海沉积物胞外酶与有机碳的时空动态[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(7):2723-2730.LI Y,XIA P H,GE H,et al.Temporal and spatial dynamics of extracellular enzymes and organic carbon in caohai sediments of plateau lakes and wetlands[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(7):2723-2730.(in Chinese)
[19]中华人民共和国环境保护局.水质采样技术指导:GB/T 12998-1991 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,1992.Environmental Protection Agency,the People's Republic of China.Water quality-Guidance on sampling techniques:GB/T 12998-1991 [S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1992.(in Chinese)
[20]中华人民共和国环境保护局.渔业水质标准:GB 11607-89[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1990.Environmental Protection Agency,the People's Republic of China.Water quality STANDARD for fisheries:GB 11607-89[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1990.(in Chinese)
[21]中华人民共和国环境保护局.污水综合排放标准:GB 8978-1996[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1998.Environmental Protection Agency,the People's Republic of China.Integrated wastewater discharge standard:GB 8978-1996 [S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1998.(in Chinese)
[22]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.农产品质量安全无公害水产品安全要求:GB/T 18406.4-2001 [S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine,the People′s Republic of China.Safety qualification for agricultural product-Safety requirements for non-environmental pollution aquatic products:GB/T 18406.4-2001 [S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2001.(in Chinese)
[23]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.农产品质量安全无公害水产品产地环境要求:GB/T 18407.4-2001[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2001.General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine,the People′s Republic of China.Safety qualification for agricultural product-Environmental requirements for origin of non-environmental pollution aquatic products:GB/T 18407.4-2001 [S].Beijing:China Standards Press,2001.(in Chinese)
[24]张振燕.重金属在克氏原螯虾体内吸收与蓄积特性及蓄积过程重金属间相互作用的研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2013.ZHANG Z Y.Study on the absorption and accumulation characteristics of heavy metals and the interaction between heavy metals in Procamaeusclarkii[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Normal University,2013.(in Chinese)
[25]李学鹏.重金属在双壳贝类体内的生物富集动力学及净化技术的初步研究[D].杭州:浙江工商大学,2008.LI X P.Preliminary study on bioenrichment kinetics and purification techniques of heavy metals in Bivalves[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang Gongshang University,2008.(in Chinese)
[26]LOUREIRO S,SOARES AMVM.Terrestrial avoidance tests as screening tool to assess soil contamination[J].Environmental pollution,2005,138:121-131.
[27]王书莉.Cd2+、Pb2+、Cu2+浓度对克氏原螯虾生长及其体内富集的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2012.WANG S L.Effects of Cd2+,Pb2+ and Cu2+ on the growth and enrichment of Procamaeuskerneri[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2012.(in Chinese)
[28]郭雪莲,吕宪国,郗敏.植物在湿地养分循环中的作用[J].生态学杂志,2007(10):1628-1633.GUO X L,LV X G,XI M.The role of plants in nutrient cycling in wetlands[J].Journal of Ecology,2007(10):1628-1633.(in Chinese)
[29]尹澄清,邵霞,王星.白洋淀水陆交错带土壤对磷氮截留容量的初步研究[J].生态学杂志,1999(5):7-11.YIN C Q,SHAO X,WANG X.Preliminary Study on Phosphorus and Nitrogen Interception Capacity of Soil in the Water-Land Interlaced Zone of Baiyangdian Lake[J].Journal of Ecology,1999(5):7-11.(in Chinese)
[30]许炼烽,邓绍龙,陈继鑫,等.河流底泥污染及其控制与修复[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(10):1708-1715.XU L F,DENG S L,CHEN J X,et al.River Sediment Pollution and Its Control and Rehabilitation[J].Journal of Ecological Environment,2014,23(10):1708-1715.(in Chinese)