青少年心理健康现状及改善对策——基于上海市3家医院的调查结果
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摘要
目的:通过分析青少年心理健康疾病的就诊情况及病例分布的流行病学特征,提出解决青少年心理健康问题的对策建议。方法:收集2013—2017年上海市3家儿科及心理疾病诊疗特色较为突出的专科及综合医院青少年心理健康疾病病例的基本信息,运用Excel建立数据库,通过MATLAB-R2018a软件进行统计分析。结果:2013—2017年累积就诊人数逐年递增,同时增幅程度随时间推移也呈增长趋势,预计到2020年上海市青少年心理健康疾病累积就诊人数仍将呈上升趋势(R-square:0.9908),较2017年就诊人数将增长约50%;另一方面心理健康疾病启蒙期(7—10岁)年龄组累积就诊人数构成比最高,逆反期(11—14岁)次之,预测到2020年启蒙期年龄占比仍将呈上升趋势(R-square:0.7335),预计将达到约47%。结论:上海市青少年心理健康问题的就诊人数,在时间分布上呈现明显的上升趋势,心理健康疾病的发生呈现低龄化趋势。
Objective: Based on survey results of 3 pediatric and general hospitals with outstanding characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of pediatric and psychological diseases in Shanghai, this paper analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of child and adolescent mental health disorders and their statistical distribution. Methods: The basic information of cases of child and adolescent mental health disorders in the three hospitals from 2013 to 2017 arecollected, and the database is created using Excel. Statistical analysis iscarried out with MATLAB-R2018 a software. Results : The cumulative number of visits increased year by year between2013 and 2017, and the increasing degree also shows an increasing trend along with the time. The extrapolation of linear model derived from the polynomial function curve predicts that the number of children and adolescents with mental health disorders in Shanghai will still be increasing by 2020(R-square: 0. 9908), and the number of visits will increase by about 50% compared with2017. On the other hand, the occurrence of mental health disorders mainly focuses on the enlightenment and reversal periods of adolescent psychological development, with an enlightenment period of 7 ～10 years old. The age group has the highest proportion of cumulative visits,followed by the reverse phase( 11 ～14 years). According to the extrapolation predictions of the model, the enlightenment age will continue to increase by 2020( R-square: 0. 7335), an dis expected to reach about 47%.Conclusion : The number of children and adolescents with mental health diseases in Shanghai shows an obviously upward trend in time distribution, and the occurrence of mental health disorders in population distribution also shows a trend of younger age.
Objective: Based on survey results of 3 pediatric and general hospitals with outstanding characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of pediatric and psychological diseases in Shanghai, this paper analyzes the epidemiological characteristics of child and adolescent mental health disorders and their statistical distribution. Methods: The basic information of cases of child and adolescent mental health disorders in the three hospitals from 2013 to 2017 arecollected, and the database is created using Excel. Statistical analysis iscarried out with MATLAB-R2018 a software. Results : The cumulative number of visits increased year by year between2013 and 2017, and the increasing degree also shows an increasing trend along with the time. The extrapolation of linear model derived from the polynomial function curve predicts that the number of children and adolescents with mental health disorders in Shanghai will still be increasing by 2020(R-square: 0. 9908), and the number of visits will increase by about 50% compared with2017. On the other hand, the occurrence of mental health disorders mainly focuses on the enlightenment and reversal periods of adolescent psychological development, with an enlightenment period of 7 ～10 years old. The age group has the highest proportion of cumulative visits,followed by the reverse phase( 11 ～14 years). According to the extrapolation predictions of the model, the enlightenment age will continue to increase by 2020( R-square: 0. 7335), an dis expected to reach about 47%.Conclusion : The number of children and adolescents with mental health diseases in Shanghai shows an obviously upward trend in time distribution, and the occurrence of mental health disorders in population distribution also shows a trend of younger age.
引文
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[9]金文岚,阿依努尔·吾买尔,杜亚松,等.上海市闸北区5~15岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍患病率及其影响因素的研究[J].上海精神医学(Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry),2010,22(4):211-216.
[10]雍那,唐雷,丁祥洪,等.精神科门诊就诊青少年特征及心理健康状况[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2017, 25(2):161-165.
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[2] Kumar R, Mathur A, Singh K B, et al. Clinical sequelae of Japanese Encep-haitis in children[J]. Indian J Med Res,1993(97):9-13.
[3]丁文清,周苗,宋菲.中国学龄儿童青少年心理健康状况Meta分析[J].宁夏医科大学学报,2017, 39(7):785-791,795.
[4]李雪荣,王明祥.湖南省4岁一16岁儿童少年精神卫生问题流行学调查[J].湖南医科大学学报,1993(1):43-46.
[5]我国青少年心理健康问题亟需引起高度重视[A]//2010中国科协科技工作者建议汇编[C]. 2010:6.
[6]高欣,梁靖,王淑芬,等.我国八省小学生心理状况及家长对其评价分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2013, 17(7):592-595.
[7]林凯平.深圳某区1993—2003年疟疾发病的指数曲线拟合[J].中国热带医学,2007(1):149.
[8]郭昫澄.青年的生理心理状况:40年的变化轨迹[J].青年探索,2018(1):20-35.
[9]金文岚,阿依努尔·吾买尔,杜亚松,等.上海市闸北区5~15岁儿童注意缺陷多动障碍患病率及其影响因素的研究[J].上海精神医学(Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry),2010,22(4):211-216.
[10]雍那,唐雷,丁祥洪,等.精神科门诊就诊青少年特征及心理健康状况[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2017, 25(2):161-165.
[11]李艺.对目前青少年心理健康问题成因及对策分析[J].吉林广播电视大学学报,2015(10):118-119.
[12]钟其.转型社会青少年犯罪成因剖析——以社会控制理论为视角[J].浙江学刊,2007(5):196-200.
[13]林利平.基于政策视角的广州高职院校心理健康教育问题研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2015.