虚拟现实诱发恐惧情绪对风险决策的影响
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摘要
目的考察虚拟现实技术模拟高空场景对恐惧情绪的诱发效果及其所诱发的恐惧情绪对风险决策的影响。方法 2018年选取空军军医大学临床医学专业本科生作为调查对象,分为两组,恐惧情绪组和中性情绪组被测试对象首先填写情绪自评量表,分别在虚拟现实模拟高空及平地场景中诱发恐惧情绪或中性情绪后完成仿真气球冒险任务,并再次进行情绪自评。结果相对于中性情绪组,恐惧情绪组被测试对象在完成风险决策任务后体验到更高强度的恐惧情绪(t=4.390,P<0.01),且未爆气球平均充气次数(BART)较少(t=2.037,P<0.05),吹爆气球个数(t=2.203,P<0.05)也明显较少,决策时的冲动性和冒险性显著降低。结论虚拟现实模拟高空场景是一种能有效诱发被测试对象恐惧的情绪诱发方法,被测试对象在恐惧情绪影响下的决策行为更加保守,更倾向于风险规避。
[Objective]To investigate the evoking effect of virtual reality simulating high-altitude scenes on fear and the influence of fear on risk decision-making. [Methods]The undergraduate students of clinical medicine in Air Force Military Medical University were selected as research objects in 2018,and divided into two groups(fear group vs neutral group). The subjects in the fear group and neutral group first filled in PANAS,and then completed the BART after inducing fear or neutral emotions in the virtual reality simulated high-altitude and flat-land scenes respectively,and then filled PANAS again. The subjects in the fear emotion group and the neutral emotion group first filled in the emotion self-rating scale,and then completed the simulation balloon adventure task after induced the fear emotion or neutral emotion in the virtual reality simulated high altitude and flat ground scene respectively,and conducted the emotion self-rating again.[Results]Compared to the neutral mood group,the subjects in the fear group experienced a higher intensity of fear after completing the risk decision task(t=4.390,P<0.01),and BART was smaller(t =2.037,P <0.05),number of balloons blown up(t =2.203,P <0.05) was also significantly less,decisions of impulsivity and adventurous significantly reduced. [Conclusion]Virtual reality simulation of high-altitude scene is an effective method to induce the fear of the tested object. The tested object's decision-making behavior under the influence of fear is more conservative and tends to avoid risks.
[Objective]To investigate the evoking effect of virtual reality simulating high-altitude scenes on fear and the influence of fear on risk decision-making. [Methods]The undergraduate students of clinical medicine in Air Force Military Medical University were selected as research objects in 2018,and divided into two groups(fear group vs neutral group). The subjects in the fear group and neutral group first filled in PANAS,and then completed the BART after inducing fear or neutral emotions in the virtual reality simulated high-altitude and flat-land scenes respectively,and then filled PANAS again. The subjects in the fear emotion group and the neutral emotion group first filled in the emotion self-rating scale,and then completed the simulation balloon adventure task after induced the fear emotion or neutral emotion in the virtual reality simulated high altitude and flat ground scene respectively,and conducted the emotion self-rating again.[Results]Compared to the neutral mood group,the subjects in the fear group experienced a higher intensity of fear after completing the risk decision task(t=4.390,P<0.01),and BART was smaller(t =2.037,P <0.05),number of balloons blown up(t =2.203,P <0.05) was also significantly less,decisions of impulsivity and adventurous significantly reduced. [Conclusion]Virtual reality simulation of high-altitude scene is an effective method to induce the fear of the tested object. The tested object's decision-making behavior under the influence of fear is more conservative and tends to avoid risks.
引文
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[14]LEJUEZ CW,READ JP,KAHLER CW,et al,Evaluation of a behavioral measure of risk taking:the balloon analogue risk task(BART)[J].J Exp Psychol-Appl,2002,8(2):75-84.
[15]王垒,张冰,肖玮.恐惧对高低自控人群不确定风险决策的影响[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2018,26(6):931-935.
[16]严霞,兰雅文.愤怒和恐惧情绪对青少年风险决策行为影响研究[J].保健医学研究与实践,2009,6(4):26-27,44.
[2]庄锦英.决策心理学[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2006:2-3.
[3]陈婷婷.情绪对决策影响的研究进展[J].社会心理科学,2015,30(10):6-9.
[4]DANIEL K,AMOS T.Prospect theory:an analysis of decision under risk[J].Econometrica,1979,47(2):263-291.
[5]MELLERS B,ALEN S.Emotion-Based Choice[J].J Exp Psychol,1999,28(3):332.
[6]LOEWENSTEIN GF,Weber EU,HSEE CK,et al.Risk as feelings[J].Psychol Bull,2001,127(2):267.
[7]HAN S,LERNER JS,KELTNER D.Feelings and consumer decision making:the appraisal-tendency framework[J].J Consum Psychol,2007,17(3):158-168.
[8]徐富明,李欧,邓颖,等.情绪的确定性维度对风险偏好的影响[J].应用心理学,2015,21(4):325-333.
[9]冯攀,冯廷勇.恐惧情绪加工的神经机制[J].心理学探新,2013,33(3):209-214.
[10]谢韵梓,阳泽.不同情绪诱发方法有效性的比较研究[J].心理与行为研究,2016,14(5):591-599.
[11]MENZIES RG,CLARKE JC.The etiology of fear of heights and its relationship to severity and individual response patterns[J].Behav Res Ther,1993,31(4):355-365.
[12]LEE AC,DAVID W,JAY L.Diurnal variation in the positive affects[J].Motiv Emotion,1989,13(3):205-234.
[13]张卫东,刁静,SCHICK CJ.正、负性情绪的跨文化心理测量:PANAS维度结构检验[J].心理科学,2004,27(1):77-79.
[14]LEJUEZ CW,READ JP,KAHLER CW,et al,Evaluation of a behavioral measure of risk taking:the balloon analogue risk task(BART)[J].J Exp Psychol-Appl,2002,8(2):75-84.
[15]王垒,张冰,肖玮.恐惧对高低自控人群不确定风险决策的影响[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2018,26(6):931-935.
[16]严霞,兰雅文.愤怒和恐惧情绪对青少年风险决策行为影响研究[J].保健医学研究与实践,2009,6(4):26-27,44.