飞轮电池储能控制系统设计
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摘要
提出一种飞轮电池储能系统的控制方法,该方法在电压外环和电流内环的双闭环控制结构基础上加入转速控制环,无需切换外环控制对象,通过控制飞轮转速的改变即可实现飞轮电池的充放电过程。在充电过程中,电网决定直流母线电压,利用转速控制环对飞轮转速进行限制,防止飞轮电池过充电;在放电过程中,则由飞轮电池维持直流母线电压的稳定。分别给出电流环、电压环和转速环控制器参数设计。利用Matlab/Simulink软件建立飞轮电池储能仿真系统并在样机上进行实验验证,仿真和实验结果均已验证所提控制方法的有效性。
This paper presents a novel control method for the flywheel battery energy storage(FBES)system. Theproposed method adopts a double closed-loop control structure,which is based on an outer DC bus voltage loop cascadedwith an inner current loop,and has an additional speed control loop. It can realize charge and discharge process of theflywheel battery through regulating the flywheel speed without switching the outer loop control object. During the chargeprocess,the DC bus voltage is completely determined by power system and the speed control loop limits the flywheelspeed to avoid overcharge. Accordingly,the stability of the DC bus voltage is maintained by the flywheel battery duringthe discharge process. Meanwhile the controller parameters for current loop,voltage loop and speed loop are designedrespectively. A FBES system was established with Matlab/Simulink to complete the charge and discharge controlsimulation and the sudden loading simulation during the discharge mode. Correlative experiments on a flywheel batteryprototype are conducted. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
This paper presents a novel control method for the flywheel battery energy storage(FBES)system. Theproposed method adopts a double closed-loop control structure,which is based on an outer DC bus voltage loop cascadedwith an inner current loop,and has an additional speed control loop. It can realize charge and discharge process of theflywheel battery through regulating the flywheel speed without switching the outer loop control object. During the chargeprocess,the DC bus voltage is completely determined by power system and the speed control loop limits the flywheelspeed to avoid overcharge. Accordingly,the stability of the DC bus voltage is maintained by the flywheel battery duringthe discharge process. Meanwhile the controller parameters for current loop,voltage loop and speed loop are designedrespectively. A FBES system was established with Matlab/Simulink to complete the charge and discharge controlsimulation and the sudden loading simulation during the discharge mode. Correlative experiments on a flywheel batteryprototype are conducted. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
引文
[1]王楠,李永丽,张玮亚,等.飞轮储能系统放电模式下的非线性控制算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(19):1—7.[1]Wang Nan,Li Yongli,Zhang Weiya,et al.A nonlinearcontrol algorithm for flywheel energy storage syatems indischarging mode[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(19):1—7.
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[7]郭伟,王跃,李宁.永磁同步电机飞轮储能系统充放电控制策略[J].西安交通大学学报,2014,48(10):60—65.[7]Guo Wei,Wang Yue,Li Ning.Control strategy forflywheel energy storage system with permanent magnetsynchronous machine[J].Journal of Xi’an JiaotongUniversity,2014,48(10):60—65.
[8]周龙,齐智平.解决配电网电压暂降问题的飞轮储能单元建模与仿真[J].电网技术,2009,33(19):152—158.[8]Zhou Long,Qi Zhiping.Modeling and simulation offlywheel energy storage unit for voltage sag indistribution network[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(19):152—158.
[9]纪锋,付立军,王公宝,等.舰船综合电力系统飞轮储能控制器设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):2952—2959.[9]Ji Feng,Fu Lijun,Wang Gongbao,et al.Controllerdesign of flywheel energy storage for vessel integratedpower systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(12):2952—2959.
[10]de Oliveira J G,Schettino H,Gama V,et al.Study on adoubly-fed flywheel machine-based driveline with an AC/DC/AC converter[J].IET Electrical Systems inTransportation,2012,2(2):51—57.
[11]Cimuca G,Breban S,Radulescu M M,et al.Design andcontrol strategies of an induction-machine-basedflywheel energy storage system associated to a variable speed wind generator[J].IEEE Transactions on EnergyConversion,2010,25(2):526—534.
[12]戴兴建,邓占峰,刘刚,等.大容量先进飞轮储能电源技术发展现状[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(7):133—140.[12]Dai Xingjian,Deng Zhanfeng,Liu Gang,et al.Reviewof advanced flywheel energy storage system with largescale[J].Transactions of China ElectrotechnicalSociety,2011,26(7):133—140.
[13]朝泽云.无速度传感器矢量控制系统的若干问题研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006.[13]Chao Zeyun.Research on some issues of speedsensorless vector controlled system[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science&Technology,2006.
[14]孙杰.飞轮储能电源恒压放电控制方法的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2011.[14]Sun Jie.Study of constant voltage discharging method offlywheel energy storage power supply[D].Tianjin:Master Dissertation of Tianjin University,2011.
[15]张兴.PWM整流器及其控制策略的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003.[15]Zhang Xing.Study on the PWM rectifier and it’s controlstrategies[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2003.
[16]Sul Seung-Ki.Control of electric machine drive systems[M].New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,2011:156.
[2]刘文军,唐西胜,周龙,等.基于背靠背双PWM变流器的飞轮储能系统并网控制方法研究[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(16):120—128.[2]Liu Wenjun,Tang Xisheng,Zhou Long,et al.Researchon grid-connected control method for FESS based onback-to-back converter[J].Transactions of ChinaElectrotechnical Society,2015,30(16):120—128.
[3]Díaz-González F,Bianchi F D,Sumper A,et al.Control of a flywheel energy storage system for powersmoothing in wind power plants[J].IEEE Transactionson Energy Conversion,2014,29(1):204—214.
[4]朱小军,姚骏,蒋昆,等.电网不对称故障下含飞轮储能单元的永磁直驱风电系统增强运行控制策略[J].电网技术,2013,37(5):1454—1463.[4]Zhu Xiaojun,Yao Jun,Jiang Kun,et al.Enhancedcontrol of direct-drive permanent magnet wind powergeneration system containing flywheel energy storageunit during asymmetrical fault in power grid[J].PowerSystem Technology,2013,37(5):1454—1463.
[5]蒙永民,李铁才,荀尚峰.飞轮储能分布式电能控制技术放电部分的仿真研究[J].电网技术,2008,32(24):60—64.[5]Meng Yongmin,Li Tiecai,Xun Shangfeng.Simulationof discharge section in flywheel energy storage usingdistributed electric energy control technology[J].PowerSystem Technology,2008,32(24):60—64.
[6]张建成,黄立培,陈志业.飞轮储能系统及其运行控制技术研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2003,23(3):108—111.[6]Zhang Jiancheng,Huang Lipei,Chen Zhiye.Researchon flywheel energy storage system and its controllingtechnique[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2003,23(3):108—111.
[7]郭伟,王跃,李宁.永磁同步电机飞轮储能系统充放电控制策略[J].西安交通大学学报,2014,48(10):60—65.[7]Guo Wei,Wang Yue,Li Ning.Control strategy forflywheel energy storage system with permanent magnetsynchronous machine[J].Journal of Xi’an JiaotongUniversity,2014,48(10):60—65.
[8]周龙,齐智平.解决配电网电压暂降问题的飞轮储能单元建模与仿真[J].电网技术,2009,33(19):152—158.[8]Zhou Long,Qi Zhiping.Modeling and simulation offlywheel energy storage unit for voltage sag indistribution network[J].Power System Technology,2009,33(19):152—158.
[9]纪锋,付立军,王公宝,等.舰船综合电力系统飞轮储能控制器设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(12):2952—2959.[9]Ji Feng,Fu Lijun,Wang Gongbao,et al.Controllerdesign of flywheel energy storage for vessel integratedpower systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(12):2952—2959.
[10]de Oliveira J G,Schettino H,Gama V,et al.Study on adoubly-fed flywheel machine-based driveline with an AC/DC/AC converter[J].IET Electrical Systems inTransportation,2012,2(2):51—57.
[11]Cimuca G,Breban S,Radulescu M M,et al.Design andcontrol strategies of an induction-machine-basedflywheel energy storage system associated to a variable speed wind generator[J].IEEE Transactions on EnergyConversion,2010,25(2):526—534.
[12]戴兴建,邓占峰,刘刚,等.大容量先进飞轮储能电源技术发展现状[J].电工技术学报,2011,26(7):133—140.[12]Dai Xingjian,Deng Zhanfeng,Liu Gang,et al.Reviewof advanced flywheel energy storage system with largescale[J].Transactions of China ElectrotechnicalSociety,2011,26(7):133—140.
[13]朝泽云.无速度传感器矢量控制系统的若干问题研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2006.[13]Chao Zeyun.Research on some issues of speedsensorless vector controlled system[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science&Technology,2006.
[14]孙杰.飞轮储能电源恒压放电控制方法的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2011.[14]Sun Jie.Study of constant voltage discharging method offlywheel energy storage power supply[D].Tianjin:Master Dissertation of Tianjin University,2011.
[15]张兴.PWM整流器及其控制策略的研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2003.[15]Zhang Xing.Study on the PWM rectifier and it’s controlstrategies[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2003.
[16]Sul Seung-Ki.Control of electric machine drive systems[M].New Jersey:John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,2011:156.