浑善达克沙地固定沙丘活化风蚀坑治理技术
|
摘要
针对浑善达克沙地固定沙丘活化风蚀坑风沙危害特征,结合风蚀坑不同部位或立地条件,采取沙障+植物固沙技术、植苗造林和灌木直播、人工植被和天然植被恢复等"三结合"技术措施综合治理风蚀坑流动沙地。结果表明:采用带状或网格状PE纱网沙障、黄柳沙障、PLA沙障以及黄柳+PE纱网复合沙障,对风蚀积沙控制、植物种和植被盖度增加以及植被恢复具有良好效果。和未设置沙障相比,黄柳+PE纱网复合沙障减少风蚀效果最大,其次分别为纱网沙障、黄柳沙障、PLA沙障,且网格沙障好于带状沙障。黄柳+PE纱网复合沙障植被覆盖度由设置前的4. 67%平均增加到54. 61%,带状或网格黄柳沙障植被覆盖度分别增加到15. 88%或20. 09%,带状或网格纱网沙障植被覆盖度分别增加到15. 16%或26. 64%,带状或网格PLA沙障植被覆盖度分别增加到8. 1%或9. 62%。采用沙障+植物固沙技术,人工促进和天然植被恢复相结合能够在2～3年内控制风蚀坑风沙危害,重建固沙植被。
Aiming at the hazard characteristics of wind-sand damage in the activated blowouts of fixed dunes in Hunshandake Sandy Land,combining with different parts or site conditions of the blowouts,the technical measures,such as sand-fixing technology,sand barrier + plant,seedling afforestation and shrub direct broadcast,artificial vegetation and natural vegetation restoration,have been adopted to comprehensively control the flow of sand in the blowouts. The results show that these measures,such as the belt or checkerboard PE gauze sand barrier,the Salix gordejevii sand barrier,the PLA sand barrier and Salix gordejevii sand barrier + PE gauze sand barrier,can play a good role in controlling wind erosion and sediment accumulation,increasing the plant species and vegetation cover and recovering the vegetation. Compared with no sand barrier,the effect of decreasing wind erosion is Salix gordejevii + PE gauze sand barrier > gauze sand barrier > Salix gordejevii sand barrier > PLA sand barrier,with the checkerboard sand barrier better than the belt sand barrier. The vegetation coverage of the compound Salix gordejevii + PE gauze sand barrier has increased from 4. 67% before establishing to 54. 61%,the ones of the belt or checkerboard Salix gordejevii sand barrier have risen to 8. 1% and 9. 62% separately,the ones of the belt or checkerboard PE gauze sand barrier have risen to 15. 16% and 26. 64%,the ones of the belt or checkerboard PLA sand barrier have risen to 8. 1% and 9. 62%. It can control the wind sand disaster within 2-3 years and rebuilt the sand-fixing vegetation to adopt the technology of sand barrier + plant sand fixation and artificial promotion and natural vegetation restoration.
Aiming at the hazard characteristics of wind-sand damage in the activated blowouts of fixed dunes in Hunshandake Sandy Land,combining with different parts or site conditions of the blowouts,the technical measures,such as sand-fixing technology,sand barrier + plant,seedling afforestation and shrub direct broadcast,artificial vegetation and natural vegetation restoration,have been adopted to comprehensively control the flow of sand in the blowouts. The results show that these measures,such as the belt or checkerboard PE gauze sand barrier,the Salix gordejevii sand barrier,the PLA sand barrier and Salix gordejevii sand barrier + PE gauze sand barrier,can play a good role in controlling wind erosion and sediment accumulation,increasing the plant species and vegetation cover and recovering the vegetation. Compared with no sand barrier,the effect of decreasing wind erosion is Salix gordejevii + PE gauze sand barrier > gauze sand barrier > Salix gordejevii sand barrier > PLA sand barrier,with the checkerboard sand barrier better than the belt sand barrier. The vegetation coverage of the compound Salix gordejevii + PE gauze sand barrier has increased from 4. 67% before establishing to 54. 61%,the ones of the belt or checkerboard Salix gordejevii sand barrier have risen to 8. 1% and 9. 62% separately,the ones of the belt or checkerboard PE gauze sand barrier have risen to 15. 16% and 26. 64%,the ones of the belt or checkerboard PLA sand barrier have risen to 8. 1% and 9. 62%. It can control the wind sand disaster within 2-3 years and rebuilt the sand-fixing vegetation to adopt the technology of sand barrier + plant sand fixation and artificial promotion and natural vegetation restoration.
引文
[1]孙禹,杜会石,刘美萍,等.风蚀坑形态—动力学研究进展[J].地理科学,2015,35(7):898-904.
[2]庄燕美,哈斯.沙丘风蚀坑的形态及动力过程的研究进展[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(5):632-637.
[3] Nordstrom K F,Enid L Lostem. Perspective on resource use of dynamic coastal dunes[J]. Geog Rev,1989,79:10-12.
[4] Carter R W,Hesp G,Patrick A,et al. Erosional landforms in coastal duns[A]. Constal dunes:forms and process[C]. West Sussex:John Wiley﹠Sons Ltd. 1900. 217-252.
[5] Hesp P A. Flow dynamics in a trough blowout[J]. Bound-ary-Layer Meteorology,1996,77(3/4):305-330.
[6] Olson J S,Lake Michigan dun development. 1. Wind-velocity profiles[J]. Journal of Geology,1958,66(3):254-263.
[7]王帅,哈斯.呼伦贝尔沙质草原区域风况与风蚀坑形态特征[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(3):74-76,80.
[8]张德平,冯宗炜,王效科,等.呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑的初步研究[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(10):1341-1345.
[9]王帅,哈斯.呼伦贝尔沙质草原槽形风蚀坑表面气流特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(2):80-85.
[10]李双权,哈斯,马玉凤,等.沙质草地风蚀坑动态演变特征[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(5):955-960.
[2]庄燕美,哈斯.沙丘风蚀坑的形态及动力过程的研究进展[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(5):632-637.
[3] Nordstrom K F,Enid L Lostem. Perspective on resource use of dynamic coastal dunes[J]. Geog Rev,1989,79:10-12.
[4] Carter R W,Hesp G,Patrick A,et al. Erosional landforms in coastal duns[A]. Constal dunes:forms and process[C]. West Sussex:John Wiley﹠Sons Ltd. 1900. 217-252.
[5] Hesp P A. Flow dynamics in a trough blowout[J]. Bound-ary-Layer Meteorology,1996,77(3/4):305-330.
[6] Olson J S,Lake Michigan dun development. 1. Wind-velocity profiles[J]. Journal of Geology,1958,66(3):254-263.
[7]王帅,哈斯.呼伦贝尔沙质草原区域风况与风蚀坑形态特征[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(3):74-76,80.
[8]张德平,冯宗炜,王效科,等.呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑的初步研究[J].自然科学进展,2006,16(10):1341-1345.
[9]王帅,哈斯.呼伦贝尔沙质草原槽形风蚀坑表面气流特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(2):80-85.
[10]李双权,哈斯,马玉凤,等.沙质草地风蚀坑动态演变特征[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(5):955-960.