动态入流对叶片气动性能和叶面压力分布影响的数值分析
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摘要
基于稳定风、渐变风、阵风等入流方式,建立了不同变风阶段叶片气动载荷非稳态计算模型,研究了不同风速变化速率对叶片气动性能以及叶面压力分布的影响规律。研究结果表明,在相同风速下,不同风速变化率会对风轮输出转矩产生影响,且风的加速度越大,其影响越显著。同风速下的压力面渐变风压力小于稳定入流压力,且两种入流方式的压力差随展向位置逐渐增大,而吸力面上的压力分布差异较小,但压力变化梯度随展向位置却有明显不同。阵风入流中,在相同风速的阵风加速与阵风减速时刻,压力面、吸力面的压力分布差异较大,但其压差随叶片展向位置波动较小;在叶根到叶片展向位置0.7R处,阵风加速出力大于阵风减速;在0.7R处到叶尖位置,阵风减速出力效果相对更好。
Unsteady calculation model of blade aerodynamic loads at different stages of variable wind are established based on steady, gradual and gust inflow modes, and the effects of different wind speed variation rates on aerodynamic performance and aerodynamic load distribution of blades are studied. The results show that the output torque of the wind turbine will be affected by different wind speed variations at the same wind speed, and the greater the wind acceleration, the more significant the impact. At the same wind speed, the gradual wind pressure on the pressure surface is less than the steady inflow pressure, and the pressure difference between the two inflow modes increases gradually with the spanwise position, while the discrepancy of pressure distribution on suction surface is small, the pressure gradient is obviously different with the spanwise position. In gust inflow, when gust acceleration and gust deceleration occur at the same wind speed, the pressure distribution on pressure surface and suction surface is quite different,however, the pressure difference varies slightly with the blade orientation. The gust acceleration output is greater than the gust deceleration at 0.7 R from the blade root to the blade extension position, and the deceleration output of gust is better at 0.7 R to blade tip position.
Unsteady calculation model of blade aerodynamic loads at different stages of variable wind are established based on steady, gradual and gust inflow modes, and the effects of different wind speed variation rates on aerodynamic performance and aerodynamic load distribution of blades are studied. The results show that the output torque of the wind turbine will be affected by different wind speed variations at the same wind speed, and the greater the wind acceleration, the more significant the impact. At the same wind speed, the gradual wind pressure on the pressure surface is less than the steady inflow pressure, and the pressure difference between the two inflow modes increases gradually with the spanwise position, while the discrepancy of pressure distribution on suction surface is small, the pressure gradient is obviously different with the spanwise position. In gust inflow, when gust acceleration and gust deceleration occur at the same wind speed, the pressure distribution on pressure surface and suction surface is quite different,however, the pressure difference varies slightly with the blade orientation. The gust acceleration output is greater than the gust deceleration at 0.7 R from the blade root to the blade extension position, and the deceleration output of gust is better at 0.7 R to blade tip position.
引文
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[2] Odgaaard P F,Knudsen T, Overgaard A,et al.Importance of dynamic inflow in model predictive control of wind turbines[J].IFAC Papers On Line,2015,48(30):90-95.
[3] Henriksen L C,Hansen M H,Poulsen N K.A simplified dynamic inflow model and its effect on the performance of free mean wind speed estimation[J].Wind Energy,2013,16(8):1213-1224.
[4]刘恒.极端风况下水平轴风力机的非定常气动特性研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学,2016.
[5]雷航.水平轴风电机组风轮系统动态载荷特性研究[D].北京:华北电力大学,2014.
[6]沈世,陈严.柔性风轮的动态入流效应研究[J].空气动力学学报,2013,31(3):401-406.
[7]张浬萍,郭刚.变风速下风力机叶片载荷特性研究[J].西南科技大学学报,2011,26(1):73-77.
[8]胡丹梅,杨官奎,霍能萌,等.动态来流对风力机性能的影响[J].可再生能源,2016,34(7):1058-1066.
[9]刘雄,李钢强,陈严,等.小型变桨距风力机的气动优化设计[J].水电能源科学,2009,27(3):219-222.
[10]吴林泉,张立茹,罗坤,等.扰动入流对风力机叶片流场及输出功率的影响分析[J].可再生能源,2016,34(12):1841-1846.
[11]杜作义,马乐瑶.基于Matlab/simulink的风速仿真研究[J].中国西部科技,2013(12):46-47.