风屏障对公铁两用桥上车辆气动特性的影响
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摘要
以某公铁两用桥为研究背景,通过大比尺节段模型风洞试验,使用天平测试有无风屏障时公路和铁路车辆气动特性,采用风速仪测试了桥面的风剖面分布,研究了车道和车辆类型对公路桥面车辆气动特性的影响。结果表明:设置风屏障有效降低了公路和铁路桥面的局部风速和车辆的气动力系数;公路桥面车辆气动力系数总体上随车道距风屏障距离的增加而减小,相同风屏障对大货车气动特性的降低程度相对于小货车和客车更为明显;设置风屏障后铁路桥面迎风侧和背风侧列车阻力系数的折减率基本接近,但升力系数的折减率差异较大。
Taking a rail-cum-road bridge as the background and through a large scale wind tunnel model test, the aerodynamic characteristics of different types of vehicles on highway and railway were tested by balance sensors in the absence and presence of wind barriers,and the distributions of flow field on bridge deck were also tested by anemoscopes.Meanwhile, the effects of lanes and vehicle type on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles on the highway were discussed.The results show that the wind speed and aerodynamic coefficients of vehicles can be effectively reduced in the presence of wind barriers. The aerodynamic coefficients of vehicles on the highway bridge deck are generally reduced with the increase of the distance from the wind barrier. The decreased degree of aerodynamic characteristics of large trucks is more obvious than those of small trucks and passenger cars.The reduction rate of the train drag coefficient in the windward train is basically agreement with the leeward train,but the reduction rates of the lift coefficient are quite different.
Taking a rail-cum-road bridge as the background and through a large scale wind tunnel model test, the aerodynamic characteristics of different types of vehicles on highway and railway were tested by balance sensors in the absence and presence of wind barriers,and the distributions of flow field on bridge deck were also tested by anemoscopes.Meanwhile, the effects of lanes and vehicle type on the aerodynamic characteristics of vehicles on the highway were discussed.The results show that the wind speed and aerodynamic coefficients of vehicles can be effectively reduced in the presence of wind barriers. The aerodynamic coefficients of vehicles on the highway bridge deck are generally reduced with the increase of the distance from the wind barrier. The decreased degree of aerodynamic characteristics of large trucks is more obvious than those of small trucks and passenger cars.The reduction rate of the train drag coefficient in the windward train is basically agreement with the leeward train,but the reduction rates of the lift coefficient are quite different.
引文
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[3]白璐,申爱琴,韦振勋.公路防风结构物实测效果比较与优化设置模拟研究[J].公路交通科技,2016,33(2):39-45.
[4]苏洋,李永乐,陈宁,等.分离式公铁双层桥面桥梁-列车-风屏障系统气动效应风洞试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,32(12):101-108.
[5]向活跃,李永乐,胡?,等.桥上孔隙式风屏障缩尺模型模拟方法的风洞试验[J].工程力学,2013,30(8):212-216.
[6]何旭辉,邹云峰,杜风宇.风屏障对高架桥上列车气动特性影响机理分析[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(3):66-71.
[7]邹云峰,何旭辉,李欢,等.风屏障对车桥组合状态下中间车辆气动特性的影响[J].振动工程学报,2016,29(1):156-165.
[8]唐煜.桥梁挡风屏对强侧风条件下列车运营安全性的影响[D].成都:西南交通大学,2010.
[9]COLEMAN S A,BAKER C J.The Reduction of Accident Risk for High Sided Road Vehicles in Cross Winds[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1992,44(1/2/3):2685-2695.
[10]ARGENTINI T,OZKAN E,ROCCHI D,et al.Cross-wind Effects on a Vehicle Crossing the Wake of A Bridge Pylon[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2011,99(6/7):734-740.
[11]TELENTA M,BATISTA M,BIANCOLINI M E,et al.Parametric Numerical Study of Wind Barrier Shelter[J].Wind and Structures,2015,20(1):75-93.
[12]FUJII T,MAEDA T,ISHIDA H,et al.Wind-induced Accidents of Train/Vehicles and Their Measures in Japan[J].Quarterly Report of the Railway Technical Research Institute of Japan,1999,40(1):50-55.
[13]IMAI T,FUJII T,TANEMOTO K,et al.New Train Regulation Method Based on Wind Direction and Velocity of Natural Wind Against Strong Winds[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2002,90(12):1601-1610.
[14]韩万水.风-汽车-桥梁系统空间耦合振动研究[D].上海:同济大学,2006.
[15]李永乐,廖海黎,强士中.车桥系统气动特性的节段模型风洞试验研究[J].铁道学报,2004,26(3):71-75.