风屏障高度对城轨专用斜拉桥车桥系统气动特性的影响
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摘要
在综合考虑风屏障高度对桥梁及桥上列车气动特性影响的前提下,采用风洞试验和数值模拟相结合的方法,研究在桥梁上设置不同高度风屏障的情况下列车与桥梁的气动力系数以及车桥系统周围的流场分布情况。研究结果表明:随风屏障高度增加,桥梁的阻力系数明显增大,而桥上列车的阻力系数相应减小,桥梁与列车的升力系数变化不明显;在侧风作用下,风屏障高度对处于桥面迎风位置列车的所受气动力影响较明显;风屏障高度对车桥系统周围流场的影响较明显,当风屏障高度增加时,梁体迎风面正压区显著增大;车体迎背风面的压力分布不仅受风屏障高度的影响,而且受列车在桥面的位置的影响。
In order to consider the effects of wind barrier's height on both bridge deck and train, a method that combines wind tunnel test and numerical simulation was adopted to study the aerodynamic coefficients of bridge deck and train and the flow field around train-bridge system with wind barriers at different heights. The results show that with the increase of wind barrier's height, aerodynamic coefficient of the bridge increases obviously, and yet aerodynamic coefficient of the train decreases. On the contrary, lift coefficient of bridge and train is almost unchanged. The wind barrier's height has a more remarkable influence on the aerodynamic force on the train in windward cases than that in leeward cases. Moreover, the wind barrier's height can impact the flow field around train-bridge system. With the increase of wind barrier's height, the positive pressure zone on the windward side of the bridge deck increases obviously. Besides that, the wind pressure distribution around train depends not only on the wind barrier's height but also on the position of the train on bridge deck.
In order to consider the effects of wind barrier's height on both bridge deck and train, a method that combines wind tunnel test and numerical simulation was adopted to study the aerodynamic coefficients of bridge deck and train and the flow field around train-bridge system with wind barriers at different heights. The results show that with the increase of wind barrier's height, aerodynamic coefficient of the bridge increases obviously, and yet aerodynamic coefficient of the train decreases. On the contrary, lift coefficient of bridge and train is almost unchanged. The wind barrier's height has a more remarkable influence on the aerodynamic force on the train in windward cases than that in leeward cases. Moreover, the wind barrier's height can impact the flow field around train-bridge system. With the increase of wind barrier's height, the positive pressure zone on the windward side of the bridge deck increases obviously. Besides that, the wind pressure distribution around train depends not only on the wind barrier's height but also on the position of the train on bridge deck.
引文
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[2]张健.铁路防风栅抗风性能风洞试验研究与分析[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2007,4(1):13-17.ZHANG Jian.Wind-tunnel test investigations and analysis on wind break performances of wind fences on railway[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2007,4(1):13-17.
[3]向活跃,李永乐,胡喆.铁路风屏障对轨道上方风压分布影响的风洞试验研究[J].实验流体力学,2012,26(6):19-24.XIANG Huoyue,LI Yongle,HU Zhe.Effects of wind screen on wind pressure distribution above railway tracks by wind tunnel test[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2012,26(6):19-24.
[4]张田,郭薇薇,夏禾.侧向风作用下车桥系统气动性能及风屏障的影响研究[J].铁道学报,2013,35(7):101-106.ZHANG Tian,GUO Weiwei,XIA He.Aerodynamic characteristics of vehicle-bridge system under crosswinds and effect of wind barriers[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2013,35(7):101-106.
[5]葛盛昌,尹永顺.新疆铁路风区列车安全运行标准现场试验研究[J].铁道技术监督,2006,34(4):9-11.GE Shengchang,YIN Yongshun.Studying the field tests on the safety operation standards for trains running through the windy area in xinjiang[J].Railway Quality Control,2006,34(4):9-11.
[6]姜翠香,梁习锋.挡风墙高度和设置位置对车辆气动性能的影响[J].中国铁道科学,2006,27(2):66-70.JIANG Cuixiang,LIANG Xifeng.Effect of the vehicle aerody-namic performance caused by the height and position of wind-break wall[J].China Railway Science,2006,27(2):66-70.
[7]王厚雄,高注,王蜀东,等.挡风墙高度的研究[J].中国铁道科学,1990,11(1):14-22.WANG Houxiong,GAO Zhu,WANG Shudong,et al.A study on height of wind break wall[J].China Railway Science,1990,11(1):14-22.
[8]種本勝二,铃木実,前田逹夫.横風に對する車輛の空氣力學的特性風洞試驗[J].日本鐡道綜研報告,1999,13(12):47-52.SHOJI T,MINORU S,TATSUO M.Wind-tunnel test investigations and analysis on aerodynamic performance of train in crosswind[J].Japanese Railway Comprehensive Research Report,1999,13(12):47-52.
[9]種本勝二,铃木実,斎藤寛之.强風下での車輛に动く空氣力と低减對策に關する風洞試驗[J].日本鐡道綜研報告,2004,18(9):17-22.SHOJI T,MINORU S,HIROYUKI S.Wind-tunnel test investigations and analysis on measures to minimize aerodynamic force of train in strong wind[J].Japanese Railway Comprehensive Research Report,2004,18(9):17-22.
[10]OSTENFELD K H.Bridge engineering and aerodynamics,aerodynamics of large bridge[C]//Proceeding of the First International Symposium on Aerodynamics of Large Bridges.Rotterdam,Holland:Larsen A,1992:3-22.
[11]李永乐,廖海黎,强士中.车桥系统气动特性的节段模型风洞试验研究[J].铁道学报,2004,26(3):71-74.LI Yongle,LIAO Haili,QIANG Shizhong.Study on aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle-bridge system by the section model wind tunnel test[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2004,26(3):71-74.
[12]陈政清.桥梁风工程[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005:55-59.CHEN Zhengqing.Wind engineering of bridge[M].Beijing:China Communication Press,2005:55-59.
[13]JOHANSEN J,S?RENSEN N N,MICHELSEN J A,et al.Detached-eddy simulation of flow around the NREL phase VI blade[J].Wind Energy,2002,5(2/3):185-197.
[14]郗艳红.横风作用下的高速列车气动特性及运行安全性研究[D].北京:北京交通大学交通运输学院,2012:33-52.XI Yanhong.Research on aerodynamic characteristics and operation safety of high-speed trains under cross winds[D].Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University.School of Traffic Transportation,2012:33-52.
[15]MENTER F R.Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications[J].AIAA Journal,1994,32(8):1598-1605.
[16]HE Xuhui,ZOU Yunfeng,WANG Hongfeng,et al.Aerodynamics characteristics of a trailing rail vehicles on viaduct based on still wind tunnel experiments[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,2014,135(14):22-23.
[17]何玮,郭向荣,邹云峰,等.风屏障透风率对车-桥系统气动特性影响的风洞试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(24):93-97.HE Wei,GUO Xiangrong,ZOU Yunfeng,et al.Wind tunnel test study on the effect of wind barrier porosity on train-bridge system[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(24):93-97.