气象卫星最小的“千里眼”是怎样炼成的?——风云四号A星多通道扫描成像辐射计红外探测器芯片研制回顾
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摘要
风云四号(FY-4)是中国新一代静止轨道(GEO)定量遥感气象卫星。多通道扫描成像辐射计作为FY-4上的主要载荷之一,被赞誉为风云四号的"千里眼"。它是迄今为止中国静止轨道卫星最先进的扫描辐射计,这与多通道扫描成像辐射计的核心部件——红外探测器研制水平的大幅提升是密不可分的。与现在正在运行的风云二号(FY-2)相比,风云四号的红外探测器实现了跨越式的发展:红外通道的数量从4个增加到了8个;探测器的波长已经延伸到了13.8μm;芯片的光敏元数量更是从单元发展到多元线列;每个光敏元尺寸只有56μm×56μm,是迄今为止中国研制的气象卫星中红外探测器光敏元尺寸最小的。这使得风云四号扫描成像辐射计红外探测器的研制遇到了许多前所未有的问题和困难,比如中短波光伏(PV)探测器的光敏面限制问题、水汽光导(PC)探测器的有效视场偏窄问题和长波光导探测器的高性能、高要求问题。本文介绍了中国气象卫星中最小的"千里眼"——风云四号多通道扫描成像辐射计碲镉汞红外探测器芯片的研制过程和关键技术。
Fengyun-4(FY-4) is the first of Chinese new-generation geostationary quantitative remote sensing meteorological satellite. One of the FY-4 main payloads, multiple channel scanning radiation imager, is reputed to be the clairvoyance of FY-4. It is the most advanced scanning imager of Chinese geostationary meteorological satellite. That is just related to the greatly improved crucial part named infrared detectors. Compared with the current operational satellite Fengyun-2(FY-2), the infrared detectors of FY-4 satellite have been made great progress as follows: Firstly, the number of infrared channels are increased from 4 to 8; Secondly, the wavelength of infrared detectors has been extended to 13.8 μm; Thirdly, the single responsive element infrared chips have been developed to multi-element linear array; Lastly, the responsive area of the infrared detectors is only 56 μm×56 μm, that is the minimum size of the infrared detectors used on all the meteorological satellites developed by China so far. That makes the researchers meet with new problems and difficulties in preparing the infrared detectors of FY-4 scanning radiation imager, such as: restricting optical responsive area to form shortwavelength and midwavelength photovoltaic(PV) devices, narrower effective field of view of photoconductive(PC) detectors of water vapor channel and high performance requirements of longwave photoconductive detectors. This paper introduces the development process and technical keys of the smallest "Clairvoyance" of Chinese meteorological satellite, the Hg Cd Te infrareddetector chips of FY-4 multiple channel scanning radiation imager.
Fengyun-4(FY-4) is the first of Chinese new-generation geostationary quantitative remote sensing meteorological satellite. One of the FY-4 main payloads, multiple channel scanning radiation imager, is reputed to be the clairvoyance of FY-4. It is the most advanced scanning imager of Chinese geostationary meteorological satellite. That is just related to the greatly improved crucial part named infrared detectors. Compared with the current operational satellite Fengyun-2(FY-2), the infrared detectors of FY-4 satellite have been made great progress as follows: Firstly, the number of infrared channels are increased from 4 to 8; Secondly, the wavelength of infrared detectors has been extended to 13.8 μm; Thirdly, the single responsive element infrared chips have been developed to multi-element linear array; Lastly, the responsive area of the infrared detectors is only 56 μm×56 μm, that is the minimum size of the infrared detectors used on all the meteorological satellites developed by China so far. That makes the researchers meet with new problems and difficulties in preparing the infrared detectors of FY-4 scanning radiation imager, such as: restricting optical responsive area to form shortwavelength and midwavelength photovoltaic(PV) devices, narrower effective field of view of photoconductive(PC) detectors of water vapor channel and high performance requirements of longwave photoconductive detectors. This paper introduces the development process and technical keys of the smallest "Clairvoyance" of Chinese meteorological satellite, the Hg Cd Te infrareddetector chips of FY-4 multiple channel scanning radiation imager.
引文
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[2]董瑶海.风云四号气象卫星及其应用展望[J].上海航天,2016,33(2):1-8.
[3]王淦泉.风云四号气象卫星多通道扫描成像辐射计[C]//大珩先生九十华诞文集暨中国光学学会2004年学术大会论文集,2004.
[4]张如意,李卿,董瑶海,等.静止轨道气象卫星观测系统发展设想[J].上海航天,2012,29(5):7-13.
[5]张志清.风云四号静止气象卫星和产品应用介绍[C]//暴雨新型探测资料应用技术研讨会.武汉,2011.
[6]沈霞.全身国产风云四号:核心仪器辐射计,连日本都要进口[EB/OL].中国科普博览,新浪综合.(2017-04-25)[2017-11-28].http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/i/2017-04-25/doc-ifyepsec0964238.shtml.
[7]刘金声.离子束技术及应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1995:81.
[8]KAUFMAN H R.Accelerator-system solutions for broad-beam ion sources[J].AIAA Journal,1977,15:1025-1034.
[9]ASTON G,KAUFMAN H R.Ion beam divergence characteristics of three-grid accelerator systems[J].AIAA Journal,1979,17:64-70.
[10]KAUFMAN H R.Technology of closed-drift thrusters[J].AIAA Journal,1985,23:78-87.
[11]尤大伟,黄小刚,任荆学,等.用于薄膜制备的射频宽束离子源的设计[J].真空科学与技术学报,2004,24(6):451-454.
[12]周文洪,叶振华,邢雯,等.碲镉汞深微台面列阵干法隔离的轮廓研究[J].激光与红外,2006,36(11):1029-1031.
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