不同围压与冻结温度下白垩系红砂岩力学性质试验研究
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摘要
西部立井冻结法施工中,冻结壁岩体受到温度场及地应力场的耦合作用。为研究白垩系红砂岩在地应力与温度耦合作用下冻结后的力学性质,利用围压模拟地应力条件,在不同的温度(20℃,-5℃,-10℃,-15℃)及围压(0,2,4,6,8 MPa)下对红砂岩试样进行冻结处理,并在相同的围压下测试其冻结后的三轴力学性质,分析冻结围压及冻结温度对红砂岩冻结力学性质的影响,并就红砂岩冻结过程中地应力的影响机制进行初步探讨。试验结果表明,冻结时的围压可以提高红砂岩的冻结程度,红砂岩强度、弹性模量相对无围压冻结增加,泊松比下降。随温度降低,红砂岩的黏聚力、内摩擦角、起裂及扩容应力水平均随温度的降低而增加,但黏聚力增加幅度更大。红砂岩冻结后,弹性阶段相对变长,塑性阶段变短,塑性变形储备能力不足。对于多孔弱胶结的红砂岩,冻结过程中的地应力可以提高岩石孔隙的约束能力,抵抗冻胀变形,使冻结作用可以尽可能向次级微孔隙发展。研究结果为西部地区煤矿立井冻结壁厚度及掘进段高设计提供了指导。
Rock masses in the frozen wall are subjected to coupling actions of the temperature and the crustal stress during the construction of mine shafts using the artificial freezing technology. To investigate the mechanical properties of Cretaceous red sandstone after freezing under the coupling action of the crustal stress and the temperature,triaxial compression tests with frozen samples were carried out under different temperatures of 20 ℃,-5 ℃,-10 ℃ and-15 ℃ and different confining pressures of 0,2,4,6 and 8 MPa,and the influence of the confining pressure and the temperature on the mechanical properties of red sandstone during freezing process was discussed. Test results demonstrate that the confining pressure during the freezing process enhances the freezing effect modestly,namely,compared with the case without the confining pressure during the freezing process,the strength and the elastic modulus of the red sandstone increase while Poisson′s ratio decreases. With decreasing the temperature,the cohesion,the internal friction angle,the crack initiation and dilatation stresses of the red sandstone increase,and the cohesion has a higher sensibility to the temperature. It is also revealed that,after freezing,the red sandstone has a comparative longer elastic stage and the reserve capacity for plastic deformation is not adequate. The crustal stress enhances the restraining capacity of pores so as to resist the damage caused by the frost heaving force,which makes the freezing action develop to the secondary micro-cracks. The study results help for the design of the thickness of the frozen wall and the section height of mine shafts in Western China.
Rock masses in the frozen wall are subjected to coupling actions of the temperature and the crustal stress during the construction of mine shafts using the artificial freezing technology. To investigate the mechanical properties of Cretaceous red sandstone after freezing under the coupling action of the crustal stress and the temperature,triaxial compression tests with frozen samples were carried out under different temperatures of 20 ℃,-5 ℃,-10 ℃ and-15 ℃ and different confining pressures of 0,2,4,6 and 8 MPa,and the influence of the confining pressure and the temperature on the mechanical properties of red sandstone during freezing process was discussed. Test results demonstrate that the confining pressure during the freezing process enhances the freezing effect modestly,namely,compared with the case without the confining pressure during the freezing process,the strength and the elastic modulus of the red sandstone increase while Poisson′s ratio decreases. With decreasing the temperature,the cohesion,the internal friction angle,the crack initiation and dilatation stresses of the red sandstone increase,and the cohesion has a higher sensibility to the temperature. It is also revealed that,after freezing,the red sandstone has a comparative longer elastic stage and the reserve capacity for plastic deformation is not adequate. The crustal stress enhances the restraining capacity of pores so as to resist the damage caused by the frost heaving force,which makes the freezing action develop to the secondary micro-cracks. The study results help for the design of the thickness of the frozen wall and the section height of mine shafts in Western China.
引文
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[2]惠本利,王建平.大海则煤矿立井冻结设计比较及建议[J].煤炭工程,2014,46(9):8-11.(HUI Benli,WANG Jianping.Comparison and proposals on mine freezing shaft design of Dahaize mine[J].Coal Engineering,2014,46(9):8-11.(in Chinese))
[3]冯旭海.煤矿冻结法与注浆法特殊凿井技术应用对比研究[J].建井技术,2015,36(3):42-46.(FENG Xuhai.Comparative study on freezing method and grouting method of shaft construction technique in coal mine[J].Mine Construction Technology,2015,36(3):42-46.(in Chinese))
[4]AMITRANO D,GRUBER S,GIRARD L.Evidence of frost-cracking inferred from acoustic emissions in a high-alpine rock-wall[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2012,341-344:86-93.
[5]刘慧,杨更社,贾海梁,等.裂隙(孔隙)水冻结过程中岩石细观结构变化的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(12):2 516-2 524.(LIU Hui,YANGE Gengshe,JIA Hailiang,et al.Experimental study on meso-structure of rock in the process of crack(pore)water freezing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(12):2 516-2 524.(in Chinese))
[6]李杰林,周科平,张亚民,等.基于核磁共振技术的岩石孔隙结构冻融损伤试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1 208-1 214.(LI Jielin,ZHOU Keping,ZHANG Yamin,et al.Experimental study of rock porous structure damage characteristics under condition of freezing-thawing cycles based on nuclear magnetic resonance technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(6):1 208-1 214.(in Chinese))
[7]WINKLER E M.Frost damage to stone and concrete:geological considerations[J].Engineering Geology,1968,2(5):315-323.
[8]YAMABE T,NEAUPANE K M.Determination of some thermomechanical properties of Sirahama sandstone under subzero temperature condition[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(7):1 029-1 034.
[9]ZHANG S,LAI Y,ZHANG X,et al.Study on the damage propagation of surrounding rock from a cold-region tunnel under freeze-thaw cycle condition[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2004,19(3):295-302.
[10]杨更社,奚家米,李慧军,等.三向受力条件下冻结岩石力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):459-464.(YANGGengshe,XI Jiami,LI Huijun,et al.Experimental study of rock mechanical properties under triaxial compressive and frozen conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):459-464.(in Chinese))
[11]路亚妮,李新平,吴兴宏.三轴压缩条件下冻融单裂隙岩样裂缝贯通机制[J].岩土力学,2014,35(6):1 579-1 584.(LU Yani,LIXinping,WU Xinghong.Fracture coalescence mechanism of single flaw rock specimen due to freeze-thaw under triaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(6):1 579-1 584.(in Chinese))
[12]张慧梅,夏浩峻,杨更社,等.冻融循环和围压对岩石物理力学性质影响的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(2):441-448.(ZHANGHuimei,XIA Haojun,YANG Gengshe,et al.Experimental research of influences of freeze-thaw cycles and confining pressure on physical-mechanical characteristics of rocks[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(2):441-448.(in Chinese))
[13]KODAMA J,GOTO T,FUJII Y,et al.The effects of water content,temperature and loading rate on strength and failure process of frozen rocks[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2013,62(1):1-13.
[14]杨更社,奚家米,李慧军,等.煤矿立井井筒冻结壁软岩力学特性试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2012,8(4):687-690.(YANGGengshe,XI Jiami,LI Huijun,et al.Experimental study on the mechanical properties of soft rock of coal mine shaft sidewalls under the frozen conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2012,8(4):687-690.(in Chinese))
[15]杨更社,屈永龙,奚家米.白垩系地层煤矿立井冻结壁的力学特性及温度场研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(9):1 873-1 879.(YANG Gengshe,QU Yonglong,XI Jiami.Study of mechanical properties and temperature field of frozen wall in Cretaceous strata[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(9):1 873-1 879.(in Chinese))
[16]LIU B,MA Y,ZHANG G,et al.Acoustic emission investigation of hydraulic and mechanical characteristics of muddy sandstone experienced one freeze-thaw cycle[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2018,151(2):335-344.
[17]LIU B,ZHANG G,LI D,et al.Investigation on tensile failure behavior of frozen sandstone in Brazilian test via acoustic emission monitoring[C]//Proceedings of the ISRM Regional SymposiumEUROCK 2015.Salzburg,Austria:[s.n.],2015:7-10.
[18]LIU B,ZHANG G,XU W,et al.Acoustic emission characterization of frozen sandstone in uniaxial compression test[C]//Proceedings of the 50th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium.Houston,USA:American Rock Mechanics Association,2016:26-29.
[19]刘波,刘念,李东阳,等.含冰软弱面的冻结裂隙红砂岩的强度试验[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(4):843-849.(LIU Bo,LIU Nian,LI Dongyang,et al.Strength test on frozen cracked red sandstone combined with ice[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(4):843-849.(in Chinese))
[20]刘波,刘念,李东阳,等.鄂尔多斯深部富水砂岩冻结强度的试验研究[J].矿业科学学报,2017,2(1):25-32.(LIU Bo,LIUNian,LI Dongyang,et al.Frozen strength test on deep water-rich sandstone in Ordos[J].Journal of Mining Science and Technology,2017,2(1):25-32.(in Chinese))
[21]王大雁,马巍,王永涛,等.高压力作用下深部黏土冷却过程及其特征研究[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(10):1 889-1 894.(WANGDayan,MA Wei,WANG Yongtao,et al.Effects of high pressure on cooling process of clays in deep alluvium[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(10):1 889-1 894.(in Chinese))
[22]杨更社,屈永龙,奚家米,等.西部白垩系富水基岩立井冻结压力实测研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(6):982-986.(YANGGengshe,QU Yonglong,XI Jiami,et al.In-situ measurement and study of freezing pressure of shaft in western Cretaceous water-rich bedrock[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2014,31(6):982-986.(in Chinese))
[23]郭鹏,管华栋,邓晓鹏,等.袁大滩煤矿冻结斜井受力实测与分析[J].建井技术,2015,36(5):31-37.(GUO Peng,GUAN Huadong,DENGXiaopeng,et al.Stress measurement and analysis of mine freezing inclined shaft in Yuandatan mine[J].Mine Construction Technology,2015,36(5):31-37.(in Chinese))
[24]徐光苗,刘泉声,彭万巍,等.低温作用下岩石基本力学性质试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2 502-2 508.(XUGuangmiao,LIU Quansheng,PENG Wanwei,et al.Experimental study on basic mechanical behaviors of rocks under low temperatures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2 502-2 508.(in Chinese))
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