内蒙古荒漠草原降水有效性分析——基于苏尼特右旗过程降水量的监测
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摘要
研究选取内蒙古苏尼特右旗,通过分析2015年5月至2016年12月日降水数据和同期不同深度土壤(0～10 cm,10～20 cm,20～30 cm,30～40 cm和40～50 cm)含水量日连续观测数据,探讨降水事件对荒漠草原土壤含水量的影响。结果表明:(1)降水量对表层土壤(0～10 cm,10～20 cm)含水量影响最剧烈,且2层土壤含水量与降水量存在显著的正相关关系,其余3层土壤含水量对降水事件响应不显著。(2) 0～10 cm、10～20 cm土壤层的最小有效降水量分别为6. 4 mm和8. 33 mm。(3)结合最小有效降水量进一步推导0～10 cm及10～20 cm土壤层的有效降水转化率发现,0～10 cm土壤最大有效降水转化率可达到95%,但是大部分都是在70%左右; 10～20 cm最大有效降水转化率可达90%,但是大部分都是在50%左右。
Climate change has become as one of the global issues in common concern. Water is one of the main limiting factors in semiarid grasslands. The change of precipitation pattern results in the change of soil moisture status. The effect of precipitation events on soil moisture content in desert steppe was studied based on the analysis of the daily precipitation data from May 2015 to December 2016 and the daily continuous observation data of soil moisture content at different depths( 0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-30 cm,30-40 cm and 40-50 cm). The results showed that:(1) The effect of precipitation on topsoil( 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) moisture content was the most significant,and there was a significant positive correlation between the soil moisture content of these two layers and precipitation. The response of soil moisture content of other three layers to precipitation events was not significant;(2) The minimum volumes of effective precipitation to 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers were 6. 4 mm and 8. 33 mm respectively;(3) Inferred the minimum effective precipitation,it was found that the conversion rate of effective precipitation to soil moisture in 0-10 cm layer could be as high as 95%,but it was mostly about 70%; it could be as high as 90% in 10-20 cm soil layer,but it was mostly about 50%.
Climate change has become as one of the global issues in common concern. Water is one of the main limiting factors in semiarid grasslands. The change of precipitation pattern results in the change of soil moisture status. The effect of precipitation events on soil moisture content in desert steppe was studied based on the analysis of the daily precipitation data from May 2015 to December 2016 and the daily continuous observation data of soil moisture content at different depths( 0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-30 cm,30-40 cm and 40-50 cm). The results showed that:(1) The effect of precipitation on topsoil( 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) moisture content was the most significant,and there was a significant positive correlation between the soil moisture content of these two layers and precipitation. The response of soil moisture content of other three layers to precipitation events was not significant;(2) The minimum volumes of effective precipitation to 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layers were 6. 4 mm and 8. 33 mm respectively;(3) Inferred the minimum effective precipitation,it was found that the conversion rate of effective precipitation to soil moisture in 0-10 cm layer could be as high as 95%,but it was mostly about 70%; it could be as high as 90% in 10-20 cm soil layer,but it was mostly about 50%.
引文
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[2]邹用昌,杨修群,孙旭光,等.我国极端降水过程频数时空变化的季节差异[J].南京大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(1):98-109.[Zou Yongchang,Yang Xiuqun,Sun Xuguang,et al.Seasonal difference of the spatio-temporal variation of the number of the extreme precipitation processes in China[J].Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Science Edition),2009,45(1):98-109.]
[3]Su B D,Jiang T,Jin W B.Recent trends in observed temperature and precipitation extremes in the Yangtze River basin,China[J].Theoretical&Applied Climatology,2006,83(1-4):139-151.
[4]Zhai P,Zhang X,Wan H,et al.Trends in total precipitation and frequency of daily precipitation extremes over China[J].Journal of Climate,2005,18(7):1 096-1 108.
[5]张彬,朱建军,刘华民,等.极端降水和极端干旱事件对草原生态系统的影响[J].植物生态学报,2014,38(9):1 008-1 018.[Zhang Bin,Zhu Jianjun,Liu Huamin,et al.Effect of extreme rainfall and drought events on grassland ecosystems[J].Chinese Journla of Plant Ecology,2014,38(9):1 008-1 018.]
[6]陈敏玲,张兵伟,任婷婷,等.内蒙古半干旱草原土壤水分对降水格局变化的响应[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(7):658-668.[Chen Minling,Zhang Bingwei,Ren Tingting,et al.Responses of soil moistuer to precipitation pattern change in semiarid grasslands in Inner Mongolia,China[J].Chinese Journla of Plant Ecology,2016,40(7):658-668.]
[7]韩芳,牛建明,刘朋涛,等.气候变化对内蒙古荒漠草原牧草气候生产力的影响[J].中国草地学报,2010,32(5):57-65.[Han Fang,Niu Jianming,Liu Pengtao,et al.Impact of climate change on forage potential climatic productivity in desert steppe in Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2010,32(5):57-65.]
[8]苏力德,杨劼,万志强,等.内蒙古地区草地类型分布格局变化及气候原因分析[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(2):139-148.[Su Lide,Yang Jie,Wan Zhiqiang,et al.Climate change and its impacts on distribution pattern of grassland types in Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,36(2):139-148.]
[9]王永利,云文丽,王炜,等.气候变暖对典型草原区降水时空分布格局的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(1):82-85.[Wang Yongli,Yun Wenli,Wang Wei,et al.Effect of climate warming on spatial pattern and temporal change of precipitation in typical steppe[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2009,23(1):82-85.]
[10]李晓兵,陈云浩,张云霞,等.气候变化对中国北方荒漠草原植被的影响[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(2):254-261.[Li Xiaobing,Chen Yunhao,Zhang Yunxia,et al.Impact of climate on desert steppe in Northern China[J].Advane in Earth Sciences,2002,17(2):254-261.]
[11]Tong S,Zhang J,Bao Y,et al.Inter-decadal spatiotemporal variations of aridity based on temperature and precipitation in Inner Mongolia,China[J].Polish Journal of Environmental Studies,2017,26(2):819-826.
[12]宋海清,李云鹏,张静茹,等.内蒙古地区多种土壤湿度资料的初步评估[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(8):139-144.[Song Haiqing,Li Yunpeng,Zhang Jingru,et al.Evaluation of soil moisture over Inner Mongolia using milti-data[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,30(8):139-144.]
[13]王辉.内蒙古极端天气事件及其与区域气候的相互关系[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.[Wang Hui.The Study on Extreme Weather Events and the Relationship with Regjional Climate in Inner Mongolia[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2015.]
[14]常昌明,牛建明,王海,等.小针茅荒漠草原土壤水分动态及其对降雨的响应[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(2):260-265.[Chang Changming,Niu Jianming,Wang Hai,et al.Dynamic change of soil moisture and its response to rainfall in a Stipa klemenzii steppe[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(2):260-265.]
[15]Hao L,Sun G,Liu Y Q,et al.Evapotranspiration and soil moisture dynamics in a temperate grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia,China[J].Transactions of the Asabe,2016,59(2):577-590.
[16]Kang M,Dai C,Ji W,et al.Biomass and its allocation in relation to temperature,precipitation,and soil nutrients in Inner Mongolia grasslands,China[J].Plos One,2013,8(7):e69561.
[17]Zhang Y,Liu J,Xu X,et al.The response of soil moisture content to rainfall events in semi-arid area of Inner Mongolia[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2010,2(1):1 970-1 978.
[18]叶冬梅,秦佳琪,韩胜利,等.乌兰布和沙漠流动沙丘不同部位水分动态研究[J].干旱区研究,2005,22(3):367-370.[Ye Dongmei,Qin Jiaqi,Han Shengli,et al.Study on the dynamic change of soil moisture content at the different sites of mobile dunes in Ulanbuh Desert,Inner Mongolia[J].Arid Zone Research,2005,22(3):367-370.]
[19]吴见,刘民士,李伟涛.干旱半干旱区土壤含水量定量反演技术研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(1):26-31.[Wu Jian,Liu Minshi,Li Weitao.Research on soil moisture content inversion technologies in arid and semiarid area[J].Jourmal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(1):26-31.]
[20]Gao T,Si Y,Yan W,et al.Typical synoptic types of spring effective precipitation in Inner Mongolia,China[J].Meteorological Applications,2014,21(2):330-339.
[21]吉中礼.干旱半干旱地区的有效雨量及其确定方法(综述)[J].干旱地区农业研究,1985,3(1):100-107.[Ji Zhongli.Effective rainfall in arid and semi-arid regions and its determination methods(review)[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,1985,3(1):100-107.]
[22]魏雅芬,郭柯,陈吉泉.降雨格局对库布齐沙漠土壤水分的补充效应[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1 346-1 355.[Wei Yafen,Guo Ke,Chen Jiquan.Effect of precipitation pattern on recruitment of soil water in Kubuqi desert,Northwester China[J].Chinese Journla of Plant Ecology,2008,32(6):1 346-1 355.]
[23]杨燕山,陈渠昌,郭中小,等.内蒙古西部风沙区耕地有效降雨量适宜计算方法[J].内蒙古水利,2004(1):67-70.[Yang Yanshan,Chen Quchang,Guo Zhongxiao,et al.Suitable calculation method for effective rainfall of cultivated land in the sandstorm area of Western Inner Mongolia[J].Inner Mongolia Water Resources,2004(1):67-70.]
[24]原鹏飞,丁国栋,王炜炜,等.毛乌素沙地降雨入渗和蒸发特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(4):23-27.[Yuan Pengfei,Ding Guodong,Wang Weiwei,et al.Characteristics of rainwater infiltration and evaporation in Mu Us Sandland[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,6(4):23-27.]
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