重庆主城区钻井地热水结垢及腐蚀趋势研究
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摘要
地热水对金属管道的结垢与腐蚀是其开发利用中常见的技术和环境问题.该文对重庆主城区36口钻井地热水物理水化学特征进行分析,采用指数法判定地热水结垢腐蚀趋势和主要的结垢物,提出阻垢防腐建议.结果表明:理论上大部分钻井地热水有轻微或严重的碳酸钙垢和硫酸钙垢,无硅酸钙垢形成,引起结垢的矿物主要为方解石等碳酸盐岩矿物;大部分钻井地热水对金属设备无腐蚀性.而实际上,重庆大部分钻井地热水有轻微的碳酸钙结垢现象,金属管道有轻微腐蚀,与指数判断结果并不完全相符.建议采用流体预处理、阻垢涂层的应用与开发等除垢方法,选择耐腐蚀的材质、修饰涂层、改变工艺流程等防腐方法.
Scaling and corrosion of metal equipment are a common environmental and technical problem in the development and utilization of geothermal waters.The physical and chemical properties of a total of 36 geothermal well waters in the main urban area of Chongqing were analyzed,and based on the results the scaling and corrosion tendency of the geothermal well waters and their the chief scale products were calculated and determined with the index method.Theoretically,most of the geothermal well waters had slight or serious scaling.The main precipitated scaling matters were calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate,without calcium silicate formation.Carbonate minerals,such as calcite,were responsible for the scaling.Most of the geothermal well waters were noncorrosive to metal equipment.But actually,most of the geothermal well waters had slight calcium carbonate scaling,and were slightly corrosive to metal pipes,a fact which did not agree with the results judged with the index method.It is recommended that such descaling methods as pretreatments of geothermal well waters and application of coating layers,and such anticorrosive methods as selection of corrosion-resistant materials,coating layers and improvement of process should be adopted,preferably in combination.
Scaling and corrosion of metal equipment are a common environmental and technical problem in the development and utilization of geothermal waters.The physical and chemical properties of a total of 36 geothermal well waters in the main urban area of Chongqing were analyzed,and based on the results the scaling and corrosion tendency of the geothermal well waters and their the chief scale products were calculated and determined with the index method.Theoretically,most of the geothermal well waters had slight or serious scaling.The main precipitated scaling matters were calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate,without calcium silicate formation.Carbonate minerals,such as calcite,were responsible for the scaling.Most of the geothermal well waters were noncorrosive to metal equipment.But actually,most of the geothermal well waters had slight calcium carbonate scaling,and were slightly corrosive to metal pipes,a fact which did not agree with the results judged with the index method.It is recommended that such descaling methods as pretreatments of geothermal well waters and application of coating layers,and such anticorrosive methods as selection of corrosion-resistant materials,coating layers and improvement of process should be adopted,preferably in combination.
引文
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[2]邵昆.地热水开发利用中的管道腐蚀及其控制[J].管道技术与设备,2009(2):52-59.
[3]LIU Ming-yan,ZHU Jia-ling.Progress of Corrosion and Fouling Prevention in Utilization of Geothermal Energy[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2011,30(5):1120-1123.
[4]PATZAY G,STAHL G,KARMAN F H,et al.Modeling of Scale Formation and Corrosion from GWater[J].Electrochimica Acta,1998,43(1/2):137-147.
[5]MUNDHENK N,HUTTENLOCH P,SANJUAN B,et al.Corrosion and Scaling as Interrelated Phenomena in an Operating Geothermal Power Plant[J].Corrosion Science,2013,70(70):17-28.
[6]王延欣,刘世良,边庆玉,等.甘孜地热井结垢分析及防垢对策[J].新能源进展,2015,3(3):202-206.
[7]KLAPPER H S,BβLER R,SOBETZKI J,et al.Corrosion Resistance of Different Steel Grades in the Geothermal Fluid of Molasse Basin[J].Materials and Corrosion,2013,64(9):764-71.
[8]LANGELIER W F.Chemical Equilibrium in Water Treatment[M].Washington D C:AWWA,1946.
[9]KIDDICK T M.The Mechanism of Corrosion of WP[J].Water Work Sand Sewerage,1944,91:133-138.
[10]ARNRSSON S,SIGURDSSON S,SVAVARSSON H.The Chemistry of Geothermal Waters in Lceland.I.Calculation of Aqueous Speciation from 0℃to 370℃[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1982,46(9):1513-1532.
[11]杨华林,徐太国.重庆—中国温泉之都地热资源地质勘查报告[R].重庆:重庆市人民政府,2010.
[12]程群,杨华林,曾敏.重庆市主城区岩溶地热水资源的形成与保护[J].中国岩溶,2015,34(3):217-227.
[13]韦梅华,田延山,孙燕冬,等.四川省康定地区地热水结垢趋势分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(5):132-138.
[14]唐辉,陈洁,钱会.饱和指数在水—岩作用研究中的应用及其灵敏度分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2012,23(6):180-183.
[15]杨雷,肖琼.重庆市温塘峡背斜地下热水水文地球化学特征研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2012.
[16]王秀兰,王计堂.东山岩溶热水资源特征及变化分析[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2010,32(3):98-101.
[17]韦梅华.四川省康定地区地热水结垢趋势分析[D].北京:中国地质大学,2012.
[18]陈园园,王宝辉,隋欣.三元复合驱硅酸盐垢的影响因素及结垢机理研究[J].油田化学,2010,27(4):449-452.
[19]MORA-MENDOZA J L,CHACON-NAVA J G,ZAVALA-OLIVARES G,et al.Influence of Turbulent Flow on Thelocalizedcorrosion Processes of Mild Steel with Inhibited Aqueous CO2Systems[J].Corrosion,2002,58(7):608-619.
[20]刘明言,朱家玲.地热能利用中的防腐防垢研究进展[J].化工进展,2011,30(5):1120-1123.
[21]刘炳伟.锅炉钢材腐蚀破坏及机理研究[D].郑州:郑州大学,2013.
[22]赵义靖.低温热水锅炉腐蚀原因及防治措施[J].山西焦煤科技,2008(1):23-27.