饲用甜高粱秸秆应力松弛特性及参数优化的试验研究
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摘要
为研究甜高粱秸秆压缩过程中的流变特性,利用多功能电子蠕变松弛试验机及自制压缩装置进行甜高粱压缩过程的应力松弛试验研究。选取压缩密度、切碎段长度、含水率为试验因素,选取应力迅速衰减时间和平衡弹性模量作为应力松弛特性评价指标,利用Box-Behnken试验方案进行三因素三水平响应面试验分析。结果表明:甜高粱秸秆压缩过程的应力松弛模型可用广义Maxwell模型中的五元件方程表示,其拟合系数>0.99;各因素影响应力迅速衰减时间的主次顺序为:切碎段长度>含水率>压缩密度;对平衡弹性模量影响的主次顺序为:切碎段长度>压缩密度>含水率;甜高粱应力松弛最佳优化参数组合:当压缩密度为647.38kg/m3,切碎段长度为20～30mm,含水率为57%时,应力迅速衰减时间为4.693s,平衡弹性模量89.957kPa。试验确定了出捆后最佳捆绳及缠膜时间,为甜高粱压缩、打捆收获机的开发提供了技术依据。
To study the rheological properties of sweet sorghum straw during the compression process,a stress relaxation test of the sweet sorghum compression process was performed by using a multifunctional electronic creep relaxation tester and a self-made compression device.Taking the compressed density,cutting length,moisture content as test factors and rapid stress decay time and balance elastic modulus as stress relaxation characteristics evaluation,three factors and three levels response surface test analysis was conducted by using the Box-Behnken test protocol.The results showed that the stress relaxation model of the sweet sorghum straw was expressed by the five-element equation in the generalized Maxwell model.The fitting coefficients were all above 0.99.The order of each factor to the rapid stress decay time was:Cutting length>moisture content>compressed density.The order of the balance elastic modulus was:Cutting length>compressed density>moisture content;The optimal optimization parameter combination of Sweet sorghum stress relaxation:The compressive density was 637.38 kg/m3,the cutting length was 20-30 mm,the moisture content was 57%,the rapid stress decay time was 4.693 s,the balance elastic modulus was 89.957 kPa.The test results confirmed the best bundled rope and the wrapping films time,which provided the basis for the compressing and binding of sweet sorghum.
To study the rheological properties of sweet sorghum straw during the compression process,a stress relaxation test of the sweet sorghum compression process was performed by using a multifunctional electronic creep relaxation tester and a self-made compression device.Taking the compressed density,cutting length,moisture content as test factors and rapid stress decay time and balance elastic modulus as stress relaxation characteristics evaluation,three factors and three levels response surface test analysis was conducted by using the Box-Behnken test protocol.The results showed that the stress relaxation model of the sweet sorghum straw was expressed by the five-element equation in the generalized Maxwell model.The fitting coefficients were all above 0.99.The order of each factor to the rapid stress decay time was:Cutting length>moisture content>compressed density.The order of the balance elastic modulus was:Cutting length>compressed density>moisture content;The optimal optimization parameter combination of Sweet sorghum stress relaxation:The compressive density was 637.38 kg/m3,the cutting length was 20-30 mm,the moisture content was 57%,the rapid stress decay time was 4.693 s,the balance elastic modulus was 89.957 kPa.The test results confirmed the best bundled rope and the wrapping films time,which provided the basis for the compressing and binding of sweet sorghum.
引文
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[2]李珊珊,李飞,白彦福,尚占环.甜高粱的利用技术[J].草业科学,2017,34(4):831-845Li S S,Li F,Bai Y F,Shang Z H.Utilization technology of sweet sorghum[J].Pratacultural Science,2017,34(4):831-845(in Chinese)
[3]渠晖,沈益新.甜高粱用作青贮作物的潜力评价[J].草地学报,2011,19(5):808-812Qu H,Shen Y X.Evaluation the potential of sweet sorghum grown for silage crop[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2011,19(5):808-812(in Chinese)
[4]杜晓雪,王春光,郭文斌,王洪波.甜高粱秸秆综合利用及收储运机械化现状分析[J].农机化研究,2018,40(7):263-268Du X X,Wang C G,Guo W B,Wang H B.Analysis of mechanizationofstrawutilizationandstorageand transportation of sweet sorghum[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(7):263-268(in Chinese)
[5]张丽敏,刘智全,陈冰嬬,郝东云,高士杰.我国能源甜高粱育种现状及应用前景[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(6):76-82Zhang L M,Liu Z Q,Chen B R,Hao D Y,Gao S J.Current status and application prospects of sweet sorghum breeding in China[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2012,17(6):76-82(in Chinese)
[6] Egüés I,Sanches C,Mondragon I,Labidi J.Effect of alkaline and autohydrolysis processes on the purity of obtained hemicelluloses from corn stalks[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,103(1):239-248
[7]黎大爵.甜高粱可持续农业生态系统研究[J].中国农业科学,2002(8):1021-1024Li D J.Studies on sustainable agro-ecology system of sweet sorghum[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2002(8):1021-1024(in Chinese)
[8]高业雷,谷环宇,张泽虎,劳晔.高粱作为饲料原料的营养与应用特性[J].饲料工业,2016,37(3):14-21Gao Y L,Gu H Y,Zhang Z H,Lao Y.The nutritional characters of sorghum's application in animal feed as raw material[J].Feed Industry,2016,37(3):14-21(in Chinese)
[9]麦麦提敏·乃依木.四种甜高粱干草品质比较研究[J].草食家畜,2018(2):47-51Maimaitimin·N Y M.Comparative study on quality of four kinds of sugar sorghum hay[J].Grass-Feeding Livestock,2018(2):47-51(in Chinese)
[10] Nava Berumen C A,Rosales Serna R,Jiménez Ocampo R,Carrete Carreon F O,Dominguez Martinez P A,Murillo Ortiz M.Yield and nutritional value of three sweet sorghum varieties grown at four environments in durango[J].Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Pecuarias,2017,8(2):147-155
[11] Chen L,Yuan X J,Li J F,Dong Z H,Shao T.Effects of applying oil-extracted microalgae on the fermentation quality,feed-nutritive value and aerobic stability of ensiled sweet sorghum[EB/OL].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2018.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsfa.8970
[12]李霞,张艳宜,梁军林,王季,李晓康.饲用甜高粱拉伸膜裹包青贮技术研究[J].中国奶牛,2016,314(6):19-22Li X,Zhang Y Y,Liang J L,Wang J,Li X K.Study on the baled silage technology of forage sorghum[J].China Dairy Cattle,2016,314(6):19-22(in Chinese)
[13]范林,王春光,王洪波,赵桂芝,索海霞.揉碎玉米秸秆可压缩性研究[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(11):76-80Fan L,Wang C G,Wang H B,Zhao G Z,Suo H X.Study on the compressibility of maize straw rubbed[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2008,39(11):76-80(in Chinese)
[14]李汝莘,耿爱军,赵何,包伟,范修文.碎玉米秸秆卷压过程的流变行为试验[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(18):30-35Li R X,Geng A J,Zhao H,Bao W,Fan X W.Rheologic behavior of chopped corn stalks during rotary compression[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2012,28(18):30-35(in Chinese)
[15]王德福,张全超,杨星,李超,李东红,王沫,平忠源.秸秆圆捆机捆绳机构的参数优化与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):55-61Wang D F,Zhang Q C,Yang X,Li C,Li D H,Wang M,Ping Z Y.Parameter optimization and experiment of ropewinding mechanism of straw round balers[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(14):55-61(in Chinese)
[16] Nona K D, Lenaerts B, ErdalK K, Aaeys W. Bulk compression characteristics of straw and hay[J].Biosystems Engineering,2014,118:194-202
[17] Guo L,Wang D C,Lope G.Tabil,Wang G H.Compression and relaxation properties of selected biomass for briquetting[J].Biosystems Engineering,2016,148:101-110
[18]赵春花,张锋伟,曹致中.豆禾牧草茎秆的力学特性试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):122-126Zhao C H,Zhang F W,Cao Z Z.Experiment on stalk mechanical properties of legume forage and grasses[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(9):122-126(in Chinese)
[19]周晓杰,王春光.压缩条件对苜蓿草径向受力的影响[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(2):115-118Zhou X J,Wang C G.Effect of compressing conditions on radial force of alfalfa[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(2):115-118(in Chinese)
[20]雷军乐,王德福,李利桥,张全超,杨星.不同铺放状态下稻秆卷捆压缩特性试验[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2015,46(5):581-587Lei J L, Wang D F,Li L Q,Zhang Q C,Yang X.Experiment on straw-baling compression characteristics in different laying status[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2015,46(5):581-587(in Chinese)
[21]冯燕,王天佐,袁宁,罗迎社.南方林下饲用植物压缩蠕变研究[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2016,36(11):129-136Feng Y,Wang T Z,Yuan N,Luo Y S.Creep processing reaearch for understory forage plants in the south[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,2016,36(11):129-136(in Chinese)
[22]马彦华,宣传忠,武佩,杨建宁,苏赫.玉米秸秆振动压缩过程的应力松弛试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(19):88-94Ma Y H,Xuan C Z,Wu P,Yang J N,Su H.Experiment on stress relaxation of corn stover during compression with assisted vibration[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(19):88-94(in Chinese)
[23]王瑞丽,魏楷峰,刘洋,陈中玉,马方,刘德军.饲料用秸秆丝化多频快速压缩成型工艺参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(21):277-281Wang R L,Wei K F,Liu Y,Chen Z Y,Ma F,Liu D J.Optimization of process parameters for multi-frequency rapid compression molding of corn stalk silk used for forage[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(21):277-281(in Chinese)
[24]雷军乐,王德福,张全超,杨星,李利桥.完整稻秆卷压过程应力松弛试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(8):76-83Lei J L, Wang D F,Zhang Q C,Yang X,Li L Q.Experiment on stress relaxation characteristics of intact rice straw during rotary compression[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2015,31(8):76-83(in Chinese)
[25]李叶龙,王德福,王沫,李东红,张全超.稻秆圆捆机辊盘式卷捆机构的设计及参数优化[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(6):27-34Li Y L,Wang D F,Wang M,Li D H,Zhang Q C.Design and parameters optimization of roll-disk baling mechanism for rice straw round baler[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(6):27-34(in Chinese)
[26] NY/T 1881.2—2010生物质固体成型燃料试验方法第2部分:全水分[S].北京:中华人民共和国农业部,2010NY/T 1881.2—2010Densified biofue-test methods part 2:Total moisture[S].Beijing:Ministry of Agriculture,2010(in Chinese)
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