众创空间集聚的连续距离测度及影响因素分析
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摘要
基于253家浙江省众创空间的微观数据,文章在运用连续距离的测度方法测算众创空间集聚水平的基础上,采用零膨胀负二项回归等方法实证分析众创空间集聚的影响机制。研究发现,众创空间的地理分布存在显著的区域差异,主要分布在杭州和宁波市辖区,选址具有明显的集聚特征。回归结果显示,区域创新能力和生态环境均对众创空间的地理集聚具有促进作用,但两者之间存在明显的替代效应;尽管不能直接促进众创空间的集聚,政策引导与创新能力之间具有较显著的互补效应。据此,文章从培育创新能力和优化创新激励等方面提出了政策建议。
Based on the microdata of 253 crowd innovation spaces(CISs) in Zhejiang province, this paper uses a continuous distance method to measure the level of spatial agglomeration, and uses zero-inflated negative binomial regression to analyze the influence mechanism. The study finds that the geographical distribution of the CISs in cities is significantly different, and the CISs are mainly distributed in the municipal districts of Hangzhou and Ningbo. The regression results show that the regional innovation capacity and the ecological environment both promote the geographic agglomeration of the CISs, but there is a substitution effect between them. Although it cannot directly promote the agglomeration of CISs, there is a significant complementary effect between policy guidance and innovation capacity. Accordingly, this paper puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of nurturing innovation capacity and optimizing innovation incentives.
Based on the microdata of 253 crowd innovation spaces(CISs) in Zhejiang province, this paper uses a continuous distance method to measure the level of spatial agglomeration, and uses zero-inflated negative binomial regression to analyze the influence mechanism. The study finds that the geographical distribution of the CISs in cities is significantly different, and the CISs are mainly distributed in the municipal districts of Hangzhou and Ningbo. The regression results show that the regional innovation capacity and the ecological environment both promote the geographic agglomeration of the CISs, but there is a substitution effect between them. Although it cannot directly promote the agglomeration of CISs, there is a significant complementary effect between policy guidance and innovation capacity. Accordingly, this paper puts forward policy suggestions from the aspects of nurturing innovation capacity and optimizing innovation incentives.
引文
[1]李燕萍,陈武.中国众创空间研究现状与展望[J].中国科技论坛,2017(5):12-18.
[2]BOUDREAU K J,JEPPESEN L B.Unpaid crowd complementors:the platform network effect mirage[J].Strategic Management Journal,2015,36(12):1761-1777.
[3]刘志迎,武琳.众创空间:理论溯源与研究视角[J].科学学研究,2018(3):569-576.
[4]陈夙,项丽瑶,俞荣建.众创空间创业生态系统:特征、结构、机制与策略---以杭州梦想小镇为例[J].商业经济与管理,2015(11):35-43.
[5]刘亮,吴笙.众创空间集群与区域产业结构转型升级[J].科研管理,2017(8):19-26.
[6]陈武,李燕萍.众创空间平台组织模式研究[J].科学学研究,2018(4):593-600.
[7]FELDMAN M P.Geography of the innovation[M].Boston,MA:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1994:13-14.
[8]FELDMAN M P,AVDRETSCH D B.Innovation in cities:science-based diversity,specialization and localized competition[J].European Economic Review,1999,43(2):409-429.
[9]CARRINCAZEAUX C,LUNG Y,RALLET A.Proximity and localisation of corporate R&D activities[J].Research Policy,2001,30(5):777-789.
[10]BUZARD K,CARLINO G.The geography of research and development activity in the US localized knowledge spillovers:evidence from the agglomeration of American R&D labs and patent data[M]∥GIARRATANI F,HEWINGS G,MECAMV P.Handbook of Industry Studies and Economic Geography.Cheltenham U K:Edward Elgacn Publishing,2013:389-410.
[11]CHATTERJI A K.Spawned with a silver spoon?Entrepreneurial performance and innovation in the medical device industry[J].Strategic Management Journal,2009,30(2):185-206.
[12]曹雄飞,霍萍,余玲玲.高科技人才集聚与高技术产业集聚互动关系研究[J].科学学研究,2017(11):1631-1638.
[13]王猛,宣烨,陈启斐.创意阶层集聚、知识外部性与城市创新---来自20个大城市的证据[J].经济理论与经济管理,2016(1):59-70.
[14]孙瑜康,孙铁山,席强敏.北京市创新集聚的影响因素及其空间溢出效应[J].地理研究,2017(12):2419-2431.
[15]张玉华,李超.中国创业投资地域集聚现象及其影响因素研究[J].中国软科学,2014(12):93-103.
[16]MENON C.The bright side of MAUP:defining new measures of industrial agglomeration[J].Papers in Regional Science,2012,91(1):3-28.
[17]QIAN H,HAYNES K E,RIGGLE J D.Incubation push or business pull?Investigating the geography of U.S.business incubators[J].Economic Development Quarterly,2011,25(1):79-90.
[18]GILLES D,HENRY G O.Testing for localization using micro-geographic data[J].Review of Economic Studies,2005,72(4):1077-1106.
[19]BUZARD K,CARLINO G A,HUNT R M,et al.The agglomeration of American R&D labs[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2017,101(9):14-26.
[20]李佳洺,张文忠,李业锦,等.基于微观企业数据的产业空间集聚特征分析---以杭州市区为例[J].地理研究,2016(1):95-107.
[21]CHEN H,GOMPERS P,KOVNER A,et al.Buy local?The geography of venture capital[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2010,67(1):90-102.
[22]SAXENIAN A.Regional advantage:culture and competition in silicon valley and route 128[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1994:5-6.
[23]苏瑞波.基于共词分析的广东与江苏、浙江、北京、上海支持众创空间政策的对比分析[J].科技管理研究,2017(13):94-100.
[24]雷良海,贾天明.上海市众创空间扶持政策研究[J].上海经济研究,2017(3):32-39.
[25]刘凤朝,姜滨滨,马艳艳,等.区域研发合作开放模式及其创新产出效应---以北京、上海、广东为例[J].科学学研究,2012(11):1741-1748.
[26]翁清雄,杨书春,曹威麟.区域环境对人才承诺与根植意愿的影响[J].科研管理,2014(6):154-160.
[27]黄紫微,刘伟.公共孵化器VS商业孵化器---孵化器市场结构演进过程[J].科学学研究,2015(12):1813-1820.
[28]滕堂伟,覃柳婷,胡森林.长三角地区众创空间的地理分布及影响机制[J].地理科学,2018(8):1266-1272.
[29]黄筱彧,杜德斌,杨文龙.中国互联网创业的集聚特征与区位因素初探[J].科学学研究,2018(3):493-501.
(1)约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论——对于利润、成本、信贷、利息和经济周期的考察[M].何畏,易家详,等,译.北京:商务印书馆,1991:249.
(2)实际上,本文做了1～100km内、步长为1km的其他模型,结论同样成立,限于篇幅未列出所有结果。
[2]BOUDREAU K J,JEPPESEN L B.Unpaid crowd complementors:the platform network effect mirage[J].Strategic Management Journal,2015,36(12):1761-1777.
[3]刘志迎,武琳.众创空间:理论溯源与研究视角[J].科学学研究,2018(3):569-576.
[4]陈夙,项丽瑶,俞荣建.众创空间创业生态系统:特征、结构、机制与策略---以杭州梦想小镇为例[J].商业经济与管理,2015(11):35-43.
[5]刘亮,吴笙.众创空间集群与区域产业结构转型升级[J].科研管理,2017(8):19-26.
[6]陈武,李燕萍.众创空间平台组织模式研究[J].科学学研究,2018(4):593-600.
[7]FELDMAN M P.Geography of the innovation[M].Boston,MA:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1994:13-14.
[8]FELDMAN M P,AVDRETSCH D B.Innovation in cities:science-based diversity,specialization and localized competition[J].European Economic Review,1999,43(2):409-429.
[9]CARRINCAZEAUX C,LUNG Y,RALLET A.Proximity and localisation of corporate R&D activities[J].Research Policy,2001,30(5):777-789.
[10]BUZARD K,CARLINO G.The geography of research and development activity in the US localized knowledge spillovers:evidence from the agglomeration of American R&D labs and patent data[M]∥GIARRATANI F,HEWINGS G,MECAMV P.Handbook of Industry Studies and Economic Geography.Cheltenham U K:Edward Elgacn Publishing,2013:389-410.
[11]CHATTERJI A K.Spawned with a silver spoon?Entrepreneurial performance and innovation in the medical device industry[J].Strategic Management Journal,2009,30(2):185-206.
[12]曹雄飞,霍萍,余玲玲.高科技人才集聚与高技术产业集聚互动关系研究[J].科学学研究,2017(11):1631-1638.
[13]王猛,宣烨,陈启斐.创意阶层集聚、知识外部性与城市创新---来自20个大城市的证据[J].经济理论与经济管理,2016(1):59-70.
[14]孙瑜康,孙铁山,席强敏.北京市创新集聚的影响因素及其空间溢出效应[J].地理研究,2017(12):2419-2431.
[15]张玉华,李超.中国创业投资地域集聚现象及其影响因素研究[J].中国软科学,2014(12):93-103.
[16]MENON C.The bright side of MAUP:defining new measures of industrial agglomeration[J].Papers in Regional Science,2012,91(1):3-28.
[17]QIAN H,HAYNES K E,RIGGLE J D.Incubation push or business pull?Investigating the geography of U.S.business incubators[J].Economic Development Quarterly,2011,25(1):79-90.
[18]GILLES D,HENRY G O.Testing for localization using micro-geographic data[J].Review of Economic Studies,2005,72(4):1077-1106.
[19]BUZARD K,CARLINO G A,HUNT R M,et al.The agglomeration of American R&D labs[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2017,101(9):14-26.
[20]李佳洺,张文忠,李业锦,等.基于微观企业数据的产业空间集聚特征分析---以杭州市区为例[J].地理研究,2016(1):95-107.
[21]CHEN H,GOMPERS P,KOVNER A,et al.Buy local?The geography of venture capital[J].Journal of Urban Economics,2010,67(1):90-102.
[22]SAXENIAN A.Regional advantage:culture and competition in silicon valley and route 128[M].Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1994:5-6.
[23]苏瑞波.基于共词分析的广东与江苏、浙江、北京、上海支持众创空间政策的对比分析[J].科技管理研究,2017(13):94-100.
[24]雷良海,贾天明.上海市众创空间扶持政策研究[J].上海经济研究,2017(3):32-39.
[25]刘凤朝,姜滨滨,马艳艳,等.区域研发合作开放模式及其创新产出效应---以北京、上海、广东为例[J].科学学研究,2012(11):1741-1748.
[26]翁清雄,杨书春,曹威麟.区域环境对人才承诺与根植意愿的影响[J].科研管理,2014(6):154-160.
[27]黄紫微,刘伟.公共孵化器VS商业孵化器---孵化器市场结构演进过程[J].科学学研究,2015(12):1813-1820.
[28]滕堂伟,覃柳婷,胡森林.长三角地区众创空间的地理分布及影响机制[J].地理科学,2018(8):1266-1272.
[29]黄筱彧,杜德斌,杨文龙.中国互联网创业的集聚特征与区位因素初探[J].科学学研究,2018(3):493-501.
(1)约瑟夫·熊彼特.经济发展理论——对于利润、成本、信贷、利息和经济周期的考察[M].何畏,易家详,等,译.北京:商务印书馆,1991:249.
(2)实际上,本文做了1～100km内、步长为1km的其他模型,结论同样成立,限于篇幅未列出所有结果。