“下削上超”地层不整合的基本类型与地质意义
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摘要
基于中国多个盆地地质、地震和钻井等资料的分析和总结,对"下削上超"不整合面基本类型进行划分和研究,分析其时、空变化特征与地质意义。研究表明,不同构造环境下"下削上超"不整合面及上下地层堆叠方式变化较大,在伸展构造环境中,发育平行向外叠加型、平行向内叠加型与旋转叠加型等地层堆叠方式与相应的不整合类型;在挤压构造环境中,出现褶皱超覆叠加型、同沉积褶皱叠加型、背斜-向斜褶皱叠加型与褶皱顶部侵蚀谷充填超覆型等地层堆叠方式与相应的不整合类型。"下削上超"不整合面在空间上常发生叠合,形成叠合不整合面,有持续隆升型、隆升迁移型与扩展迁移型等叠合类型;"下削上超"不整合面随时间也会发生掀斜、旋转、褶皱、迁移等变化,受沉积盆地沉降中心迁移的影响出现古地貌跃迁型(沉降中心转移型)、断陷迁移型与拆离滑脱型等不整合类型。"下削上超"不整合面作为圈闭场所与流体运移通道是矿产资源重要的赋存场所,成为叠合盆地的重要特色。
Based on geologic, seismic and drilling data of basins in China, the basic types of "truncation and onlap"unconformities are examined and their temporal and spatial variation and geologic significances are explored. The "truncation and onlap" unconformities and stacking styles of upper and lower strata vary under different tectonic settings. Under extensional settings, there are three basic stacking styles and unconformities, such as parallel stacking style and unconformity with breaking outward, parallel stacking style and unconformity with breaking inward, as well as unconformity and stacking style with rotation.Under compression settings, there are four basic types, such as overlap stacking style and unconformity on fold, syn-deposition fold stacking style and unconformity, anticline-syncline superimposing stacking style and unconformity, as well as stacking style and unconformity in overlap-filling incised valley on top of folds. "Truncation and onlap" unconformities always superimposed each other in space, and exhibit three kinds of superimposed unconformities, i.e., superimposed unconformities formed under continuous uplifting, under transition of uplifting, and under propagation of deposition center. They may also change with time too, i.e., tilt, rotate, fold, and migrate. Controlled by the migration of basin depocenters, it is shown that there are unconformities formed under the transition of paleogeomorphy or subsidence center, or under the migration of fault-sag, and or under the slipping of detachment fault. "Truncation and onlap" unconformities are important positions for traps and significant pathways of hydrocarbon migration, and they are favorable sites for ore deposit and resources occurrence.
Based on geologic, seismic and drilling data of basins in China, the basic types of "truncation and onlap"unconformities are examined and their temporal and spatial variation and geologic significances are explored. The "truncation and onlap" unconformities and stacking styles of upper and lower strata vary under different tectonic settings. Under extensional settings, there are three basic stacking styles and unconformities, such as parallel stacking style and unconformity with breaking outward, parallel stacking style and unconformity with breaking inward, as well as unconformity and stacking style with rotation.Under compression settings, there are four basic types, such as overlap stacking style and unconformity on fold, syn-deposition fold stacking style and unconformity, anticline-syncline superimposing stacking style and unconformity, as well as stacking style and unconformity in overlap-filling incised valley on top of folds. "Truncation and onlap" unconformities always superimposed each other in space, and exhibit three kinds of superimposed unconformities, i.e., superimposed unconformities formed under continuous uplifting, under transition of uplifting, and under propagation of deposition center. They may also change with time too, i.e., tilt, rotate, fold, and migrate. Controlled by the migration of basin depocenters, it is shown that there are unconformities formed under the transition of paleogeomorphy or subsidence center, or under the migration of fault-sag, and or under the slipping of detachment fault. "Truncation and onlap" unconformities are important positions for traps and significant pathways of hydrocarbon migration, and they are favorable sites for ore deposit and resources occurrence.
引文
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[5]李志伟,刘和林,钱祥贵.不整合界面及其后期转化在金矿成矿中的意义:以滇黔桂毗邻区金矿为例[J].大地构造与成矿学,2000, 24(S1):52-56.LI Zhiwei, LIU Helin, QIAN Xianggui. The significance of unconformity and its later transfer movement in gold metallogenesis:An example from gold deposits in the contiguous area of Yunan-Guizhou-Guangxi provences[J]. Geotectonica Et Metallogenia, 2000, 24(S1):52-56.
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