基于不同研发模式的零售商需求信息分享策略
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摘要
构建了集中决策、供应商独立研发决策、供应商和零售商合作研发决策三种模式下的信息分享模型,研究了不同研发模式下零售商信息分享对供应链绩效的影响,得出了信息分享的价值,探讨了供应商研发模式选择以及零售商信息分享策略.研究结果表明,不管是独立研发模式还是合作研发模式,需求信息分享总是有利于制造商,但是只有在研发成本系数较低时,才有利于零售商.在研发成本系数较高时,即使需求信息分享可以提高供应商和供应链整体绩效,零售商也没有激励分享信息.针对这一问题,设计了一种基于谈判势力的信息分享补偿机制,促使零售商分享需求预测信息,使供应链达到帕累托最优状态.
Three information sharing models(the centralized decision-making model, non-cooperative RD model, and cooperative RD model)are constructed to study the effect of retailer information sharing on supply chain performance. The values of information sharing under different modes are obtained, and the retailer's information sharing strategies and supplier's RD patterns selection are studied. The study finds that whether the RD pattern is a non-cooperative model or cooperative model, information sharing is always beneficial to the supplier, and is beneficial to the retailer only when the RD cost coefficient is low. When the RD cost coefficient is high, the retailer does not have any incentive to share demand information, although it is beneficial to both the supplier and the total supply chain if it does so. To solve this problem, this paper designed an informationsharing compensation mechanism based on bargaining power which can motivate the retailer to share demand information and achieve supply chain Pareto optimality.
Three information sharing models(the centralized decision-making model, non-cooperative RD model, and cooperative RD model)are constructed to study the effect of retailer information sharing on supply chain performance. The values of information sharing under different modes are obtained, and the retailer's information sharing strategies and supplier's RD patterns selection are studied. The study finds that whether the RD pattern is a non-cooperative model or cooperative model, information sharing is always beneficial to the supplier, and is beneficial to the retailer only when the RD cost coefficient is low. When the RD cost coefficient is high, the retailer does not have any incentive to share demand information, although it is beneficial to both the supplier and the total supply chain if it does so. To solve this problem, this paper designed an informationsharing compensation mechanism based on bargaining power which can motivate the retailer to share demand information and achieve supply chain Pareto optimality.
引文
[1]李波,孙鹏,李庆华.双渠道供应链中信息共享价值研究.系统工程学报,2015,30(4):530-538.Li B,Sun P,Li Q H.Information sharing value in dual-channel supply chain.Journal of Systems Engineering,2015,30(4):530-538.(in Chinese)
[2]Li L.Information sharing in a supply chain with horizontal competition.Management Science,2002,48(9):1196-1212.
[3]Li T,Zhang H.Information sharing in a supply chain with a make-to-stock manufacturer.The International Journal of Management Science,2015,50(1):115-125.
[4]Jain A,Seshadri S,Sohoni M.Differential pricing for information sharing under competition.Production and Operations Management,2011,20(2):235-252.
[5]Shang W,Ha A Y,Tong S.Information sharing in a supply chain with a common retailer.Management Science,2016,62(1):245-263.
[6]张菊亮,章祥荪.供应商和销售商拥有部分信息的信息共享.中国管理科学,2012,20(1):109-116.Zhang J L,Zhang X S.Information sharing in a supply chain with supplier and retailer’s partial information.Chinese Journal of Management Science,2012,20(1):109-116.(in Chinese)
[7]Li L,Zhang H.Confidentiality and information sharing in supply chain coordination.Management Science,2008,54(8):1467-1481.
[8]Lee H L,So K C,Tang C S.The value of information sharing in a two-level supply chain.Management Science,2000,46(5):626-643.
[9]Shamir N.Strategic information sharing between competing retailers in a supply chain with endogenous wholesale price.International Journal of Production Economics,2012,136(2):352-365.
[10]Zhang J,Chen J.Information sharing in a make-to-stock supply chain.Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization,2014,10(4):1169-1189.
[11]Yue X,Liu J.Demand forecast sharing in a dual-channel supply chain.European Journal of Operational Research,2006,174(1):646-667.
[12]艾兴政,唐小我,马永开.传统渠道与电子渠道预测信息分享的绩效研究.管理科学学报,2008,11(1):12-21.Ai X Z,Tang X W,Ma Y K.Performance of forecasting information sharing between traditional channel and electronic channel.Journal of Management Sciences in China,2008,11(1):12-21.(in Chinese)
[13]聂佳佳.预测信息分享对制造商开通直销渠道的影响.管理工程学报,2012,26(2):106-112.Nie J J.The effect of forecast information sharing on manufacturer’s launching direct channels.Journal of Industrial Engineering Management,2012,26(2):106-112.(in Chinese)
[14]聂佳佳.零售商信息分享对闭环供应链回收模式的影响.管理科学学报,2013,16(5):69-82.Nie J J.Effects of retailer information sharing on collecting modes of closed-loop supply chain.Journal of Management Sciences in China,2013,16(5):69-82.(in Chinese)
[15]聂佳佳,熊中楷.信息分享对制造商负责回收闭环供应链的影响.工业工程与管理,2009,14(5):1-7.Nie J J,Xiong Z K.The effect of information sharing on manufacturer take-back closed-loop supply chain.Industrial Engineering and Management,2009,14(5):1-7.(in Chinese)
[16]Zhang J,Chen J.Coordination of information sharing in a supply chain.International Journal of Production Economics,2013,143(1):178-187.
[17]Zhang H.Vertical information exchange in a supply chain with duopoly retailers.Production and Operations Management,2002,11(4):531-547.
[18]Mishra B K,Raghunathan S,Yue X.Demand forecast sharing in supply chains.Production and Operations Management,2009,18(2):152-166.
[19]高洁.企业间信息共享的激励问题研究.运筹与管理,2015,24(5):245-250.Gao J.Incentive issues on information sharing between firms.Operation Research and Management Science,2015,24(5):245-250.(in Chinese)
[20]肖群,马士华.基于信息共享的供应商协同产品设计机制.系统工程,2015,32(6):10-16.Xiao Q,Ma S H.The mechanism of supplier collaborative product design based on information sharing.Systems Engineering,2015,32(6):10-16.(in Chinese)
[21]Chen Y,Sappington D E.Designing input prices to motivate process innovation.International Journal of Industrial Organization,2009,27(3):390-402.
[22]Banerjee S,Lin P.Downstream R&D,raising rivals costs,and input price contracts.International Journal of Industrial Organization,2003,21(1):79-96.
[23]Gilbert S M,Cvsa V.Strategic commitment to price to stimulate downstream innovation in a supply chain.European Journal of Operational Research,2003,150(3):617-639.
[24]Silipo D B.Incentives and forms of cooperation in research and development.Research in Economics,2008,62(2):101-119.
[25]Ishii A.Cooperative R&D between vertically related firms with spillovers.International Journal of Industrial Organization,2004,22(8):1213-1235.
[26]Ge Z,Hu Q,Xia Y.Firms’R&D cooperation behavior in a supply chain.Production and Operations Management,2014,23(4):599-609.
[27]李纲.考虑垂直溢出的三级产业链纵向研发合作模型.科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(7):49-58.Li G.A model of vertical R&D collaboration in a three-level industrial chain based on vertical spillovers.Science of Science and Management of Science and Techonlogy,2014,35(7):49-58.(in Chinese)
[28]Banerjee S,Lin P.Downstream R&D,raising rivals’costs,and input price contracts.International Journal of Industrial Organization,2003,21(1):79-96.
[29]Chen Y,Sappington D E.Innovation in vertically related markets.The Journal of Industrial Economics,2010,58(2):373-401.
[30]綦勇,周霄雪,李凯.纵向结构对下游产品质量创新激励的影响.系统工程学报,2012,27(5):626-632.Qi Y,Zhou X X,Li K.Impact of vertical structure on downstream innovation incentive of product quality.Journal of Systems Engineering,2012,27(5):626-632.(in Chinese)
[31]田巍,张子刚,刘宁杰.零售商竞争环境下上游企业创新投入的供应链协调.系统工程理论与实践,2008,28(1):64-70.Tian W,Zhang Z G,Liu N J.Study on supply chain coordination of upstream innovation investment when retailers compete.Systems Engineering:Theory&Practice,2008,28(1):64-70.(in Chinese)
[32]Wang J,Shin H.The impact of contracts and competition on upstream innovation in a supply chain.Production and Operations Management,2015,24(1):134-146.
[33]骆品亮,吴一静,刘明宇.纵向研发联盟的竞争效应:基于有效市场规模增长率的分析.研究与发展管理,2013,25(4):1-9.Luo P L,Wu Y J,Liu M Y.Competition effects of vertical research alliance:analysis based on the growth rate of efficient market size.Research&Development Management,2013,25(4):1-9.(in Chinese)
[34]景熠,王旭,李文川.纵向研发合作的收益分配与成本分担机制研究.科技进步与对策,2011,28(21):1-5.Jing Y,Wang X,Li W C.Income distribution and cost sharing mechanism in vertical R&D cooperation.Science&Technology Progress and Policy,2011,28(21):1-5.(in Chinese)
[35]王秋菲,李凯.纵向RJVs研发成本分担机制.系统工程,2007,25(5):104-107.Wang Q F,Li K.On cost sharing mechanism of vertical RJVs.Systems Engineering,2007,25(5):104-107.(in Chinese)
[36]李卫红,陈圻,王强.基于NASH谈判模型的上下游企业R&D合作与协调机制研究.管理工程学报,2012,26(2):65-71.Li W H,Chen Q,Wang Q.R&D cooperation and benefit coordination between upstream and downstream firms based on Nash negotiation model.Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2012,26(2):65-71.(in Chinese)
[37]Iyer G,Villas-Boas J M.A bargaining theory of distribution channels.Journal of Marketing Research,2003,40(1):80-100.
[38]Dukes A J,Gal-Or E,Srinivasan K.Channel bargaining with retailer asymmetry.Journal of Marketing Research,2006,43(1):84-97.
[2]Li L.Information sharing in a supply chain with horizontal competition.Management Science,2002,48(9):1196-1212.
[3]Li T,Zhang H.Information sharing in a supply chain with a make-to-stock manufacturer.The International Journal of Management Science,2015,50(1):115-125.
[4]Jain A,Seshadri S,Sohoni M.Differential pricing for information sharing under competition.Production and Operations Management,2011,20(2):235-252.
[5]Shang W,Ha A Y,Tong S.Information sharing in a supply chain with a common retailer.Management Science,2016,62(1):245-263.
[6]张菊亮,章祥荪.供应商和销售商拥有部分信息的信息共享.中国管理科学,2012,20(1):109-116.Zhang J L,Zhang X S.Information sharing in a supply chain with supplier and retailer’s partial information.Chinese Journal of Management Science,2012,20(1):109-116.(in Chinese)
[7]Li L,Zhang H.Confidentiality and information sharing in supply chain coordination.Management Science,2008,54(8):1467-1481.
[8]Lee H L,So K C,Tang C S.The value of information sharing in a two-level supply chain.Management Science,2000,46(5):626-643.
[9]Shamir N.Strategic information sharing between competing retailers in a supply chain with endogenous wholesale price.International Journal of Production Economics,2012,136(2):352-365.
[10]Zhang J,Chen J.Information sharing in a make-to-stock supply chain.Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization,2014,10(4):1169-1189.
[11]Yue X,Liu J.Demand forecast sharing in a dual-channel supply chain.European Journal of Operational Research,2006,174(1):646-667.
[12]艾兴政,唐小我,马永开.传统渠道与电子渠道预测信息分享的绩效研究.管理科学学报,2008,11(1):12-21.Ai X Z,Tang X W,Ma Y K.Performance of forecasting information sharing between traditional channel and electronic channel.Journal of Management Sciences in China,2008,11(1):12-21.(in Chinese)
[13]聂佳佳.预测信息分享对制造商开通直销渠道的影响.管理工程学报,2012,26(2):106-112.Nie J J.The effect of forecast information sharing on manufacturer’s launching direct channels.Journal of Industrial Engineering Management,2012,26(2):106-112.(in Chinese)
[14]聂佳佳.零售商信息分享对闭环供应链回收模式的影响.管理科学学报,2013,16(5):69-82.Nie J J.Effects of retailer information sharing on collecting modes of closed-loop supply chain.Journal of Management Sciences in China,2013,16(5):69-82.(in Chinese)
[15]聂佳佳,熊中楷.信息分享对制造商负责回收闭环供应链的影响.工业工程与管理,2009,14(5):1-7.Nie J J,Xiong Z K.The effect of information sharing on manufacturer take-back closed-loop supply chain.Industrial Engineering and Management,2009,14(5):1-7.(in Chinese)
[16]Zhang J,Chen J.Coordination of information sharing in a supply chain.International Journal of Production Economics,2013,143(1):178-187.
[17]Zhang H.Vertical information exchange in a supply chain with duopoly retailers.Production and Operations Management,2002,11(4):531-547.
[18]Mishra B K,Raghunathan S,Yue X.Demand forecast sharing in supply chains.Production and Operations Management,2009,18(2):152-166.
[19]高洁.企业间信息共享的激励问题研究.运筹与管理,2015,24(5):245-250.Gao J.Incentive issues on information sharing between firms.Operation Research and Management Science,2015,24(5):245-250.(in Chinese)
[20]肖群,马士华.基于信息共享的供应商协同产品设计机制.系统工程,2015,32(6):10-16.Xiao Q,Ma S H.The mechanism of supplier collaborative product design based on information sharing.Systems Engineering,2015,32(6):10-16.(in Chinese)
[21]Chen Y,Sappington D E.Designing input prices to motivate process innovation.International Journal of Industrial Organization,2009,27(3):390-402.
[22]Banerjee S,Lin P.Downstream R&D,raising rivals costs,and input price contracts.International Journal of Industrial Organization,2003,21(1):79-96.
[23]Gilbert S M,Cvsa V.Strategic commitment to price to stimulate downstream innovation in a supply chain.European Journal of Operational Research,2003,150(3):617-639.
[24]Silipo D B.Incentives and forms of cooperation in research and development.Research in Economics,2008,62(2):101-119.
[25]Ishii A.Cooperative R&D between vertically related firms with spillovers.International Journal of Industrial Organization,2004,22(8):1213-1235.
[26]Ge Z,Hu Q,Xia Y.Firms’R&D cooperation behavior in a supply chain.Production and Operations Management,2014,23(4):599-609.
[27]李纲.考虑垂直溢出的三级产业链纵向研发合作模型.科学学与科学技术管理,2014,35(7):49-58.Li G.A model of vertical R&D collaboration in a three-level industrial chain based on vertical spillovers.Science of Science and Management of Science and Techonlogy,2014,35(7):49-58.(in Chinese)
[28]Banerjee S,Lin P.Downstream R&D,raising rivals’costs,and input price contracts.International Journal of Industrial Organization,2003,21(1):79-96.
[29]Chen Y,Sappington D E.Innovation in vertically related markets.The Journal of Industrial Economics,2010,58(2):373-401.
[30]綦勇,周霄雪,李凯.纵向结构对下游产品质量创新激励的影响.系统工程学报,2012,27(5):626-632.Qi Y,Zhou X X,Li K.Impact of vertical structure on downstream innovation incentive of product quality.Journal of Systems Engineering,2012,27(5):626-632.(in Chinese)
[31]田巍,张子刚,刘宁杰.零售商竞争环境下上游企业创新投入的供应链协调.系统工程理论与实践,2008,28(1):64-70.Tian W,Zhang Z G,Liu N J.Study on supply chain coordination of upstream innovation investment when retailers compete.Systems Engineering:Theory&Practice,2008,28(1):64-70.(in Chinese)
[32]Wang J,Shin H.The impact of contracts and competition on upstream innovation in a supply chain.Production and Operations Management,2015,24(1):134-146.
[33]骆品亮,吴一静,刘明宇.纵向研发联盟的竞争效应:基于有效市场规模增长率的分析.研究与发展管理,2013,25(4):1-9.Luo P L,Wu Y J,Liu M Y.Competition effects of vertical research alliance:analysis based on the growth rate of efficient market size.Research&Development Management,2013,25(4):1-9.(in Chinese)
[34]景熠,王旭,李文川.纵向研发合作的收益分配与成本分担机制研究.科技进步与对策,2011,28(21):1-5.Jing Y,Wang X,Li W C.Income distribution and cost sharing mechanism in vertical R&D cooperation.Science&Technology Progress and Policy,2011,28(21):1-5.(in Chinese)
[35]王秋菲,李凯.纵向RJVs研发成本分担机制.系统工程,2007,25(5):104-107.Wang Q F,Li K.On cost sharing mechanism of vertical RJVs.Systems Engineering,2007,25(5):104-107.(in Chinese)
[36]李卫红,陈圻,王强.基于NASH谈判模型的上下游企业R&D合作与协调机制研究.管理工程学报,2012,26(2):65-71.Li W H,Chen Q,Wang Q.R&D cooperation and benefit coordination between upstream and downstream firms based on Nash negotiation model.Journal of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management,2012,26(2):65-71.(in Chinese)
[37]Iyer G,Villas-Boas J M.A bargaining theory of distribution channels.Journal of Marketing Research,2003,40(1):80-100.
[38]Dukes A J,Gal-Or E,Srinivasan K.Channel bargaining with retailer asymmetry.Journal of Marketing Research,2006,43(1):84-97.
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