基于多能互补的电/热综合需求响应
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摘要
工业园区中工业负荷稳定、自动化水平高,具有较大的需求响应潜力。工业用户对多能源存在需求差异,各个能源子系统存在耦合互补的关系。从工业用户角度出发,将用户对于冷、热、电多能流的需求纳入需求响应范围内,提出基于多能互补的电/热综合需求响应机制。以满足上级调峰需求为优化目标,在设备物理约束、能量平衡约束及新增需求响应约束下,采用混合整数线性规划法进行求解,最终得到电/热综合需求响应策略。算例分析表明,所提策略可进一步挖掘用户的响应潜力,并指导用户合理制定需求响应方案;相较传统需求响应策略,该策略用户侧损耗较小,响应程度更高,有利于实现电网公司与用户侧的共赢。
The industrial load with high level of automation is stable, thus it has great demand response potential. There are different demands of various energy for industrial users. Each energy subsystem has relationship of coupling and complementarity. This paper proposed a comprehensive demand response mechanism based on multi-energy complementarity from the perspective of industrial users, where the user's demand for multi-energy, such as cooling, heating and electric, is included in demand response range. Meeting the peak load demand of higher authorities is regarded as optimization objective with the constraints of physical, energy balance and new demand response. The mixed integer linear programming method is used to solve the problem and the response strategy of electric/heating demand is obtained. An example analysis shows that the proposed strategy can further excavate the user's response potential and guide the user to formulate reasonable demand response plan. Compared with traditional demand response strategies, the loss of user side is smaller, the response degree is higher, beneficial to achieve win-win of power grid companies and the users.
The industrial load with high level of automation is stable, thus it has great demand response potential. There are different demands of various energy for industrial users. Each energy subsystem has relationship of coupling and complementarity. This paper proposed a comprehensive demand response mechanism based on multi-energy complementarity from the perspective of industrial users, where the user's demand for multi-energy, such as cooling, heating and electric, is included in demand response range. Meeting the peak load demand of higher authorities is regarded as optimization objective with the constraints of physical, energy balance and new demand response. The mixed integer linear programming method is used to solve the problem and the response strategy of electric/heating demand is obtained. An example analysis shows that the proposed strategy can further excavate the user's response potential and guide the user to formulate reasonable demand response plan. Compared with traditional demand response strategies, the loss of user side is smaller, the response degree is higher, beneficial to achieve win-win of power grid companies and the users.
引文
[1]杨旭英,周明,李庚银.智能电网下需求响应机理分析与建模综述[J].电网技术,2016,40(1):220-226.Yang Xuying,Zhou Ming,Li Gengyin.Survey on demand response mechanism and modeling in smart grid[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(1):220-226(in Chinese).
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[9]杨永标,颜庆国,徐石明,等.公共楼宇空调负荷参与电网虚拟调峰的思考[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):103-107.Yang Yongbiao,Yan Qingguo,Xu Shiming,et al.Thinking of public building air-condtioning load participating in grid with virtual peak clipping[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(17):103-107(in Chinese).
[10]戚野白,王丹,贾宏杰,等.基于需求响应的集群温控负荷建模及参与低频减载策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(3):751-759.Qi Yebai,Wang Dan,Jia Hongjie,et al.Research on under frequency load shedding strategy using aggregated thermostatically controlled loads based on demand response[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(3):751-759(in Chinese).
[11]王蓓蓓,朱峰,嵇文路,等.中央空调降负荷潜力建模及影响因素分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(19):44-52.Wang Beibei,Zhu Feng,Ji Wenlu,et al.Load cutting potential modeling of central air-conditioning and analysis on influencing factors[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(19):44-52(in Chinese).
[12]高赐威,李倩玉,李扬.基于DLC的空调负荷双层优化调度和控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(10):1546-1555.Gao Ciwei,Li Qianyu,Li Yang.Bi-level optimal dispatch and control strategy for air-conditioning load based on direct load control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(10):1546-1555(in Chinese).
[13]智勇,郭帅,何欣,等.面向智慧工业园区的双层优化调度模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(1):31-38.Zhi Yong,Guo Shuai,He Xin,et al.Bilevel optimal dispatch model for intelligent industrial park[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(1):31-38(in Chinese).
[14]刘晓琳,王兆杰,高峰,等.分时电价下的高耗能企业发用电响应[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(8):41-49.Liu Xiaolin,Wang Zhaojie,Gao Feng,et al.Response behaviors of power generation and consumption in energy intensive enterprise under time-of-use price[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(8):41-49(in Chinese).
[15]姚明涛,胡兆光,张宁,等.工业负荷提供辅助服务的多智能体响应模拟[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4219-4226.Yao Mingtao,Hu Zhaoguang,Zhang Ning,et al.Multi-agent response simulation of industrial loads for an-cillary services[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4219-4226(in Chinese).
[16]金红光,隋军,徐聪,等.多能源互补的分布式冷热电联产系统理论与方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(12):3150-3160.Jin Hongguang,Sui Jun,Xu Cong,et al.Research on theory and method of muti-energy complementary distributed CCHP system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(12):3150-3160(in Chinese).
[2]王蓓蓓.面向智能电网的用户需求响应特性和能力研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(22):3654-3663.Wang Beibei.Research on consumers’response characterics and ability under smart grid:a literatures survey[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(22):3654-3663(in Chinese).
[3]陆俊,朱炎平,彭文昊,等.计及用电行为聚类的智能小区互动化需求响应方法[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(17):113-120.Lu Jun,Zhu Yanping,Peng Wenhao,et al.Interactive demand response method of smart community considering clustering of electricity consumption behavior[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(17):113-120(in Chinese).
[4]姜子卿,郝然,艾芊.基于冷热电多能互补的工业园区互动机制研究[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(6):260-267.Jiang Ziqing,Hao Ran,Ai Qian.Interaction mechanism of industrial park based on multi-energy complementation[J].Electirc Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(6):260-267(in Chinese).
[5]史俊祎,文福拴,崔鹏程,等.参与需求响应的工业用户智能用电管理[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(14):45-53.Shi Junyi,Wen Fushuan,Cui Pengcheng,et al.Intelligent energy management of industrial loads considering participation in demand response program[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(14):45-53(in Chinese).
[6]赵雪霖,何光宇.生活电器用电效用概念及其评估方法[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):53-59.Zhao Xuelin,He Guangyu.Power utility evaluation of residential electircal appliances[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(1):53-59(in Chinese).
[7]李童佳,张晶,祁兵.居民用户需求响应业务模型研究[J].电网技术,2015,39(10):2719-2724.Li Tongjia,Zhang Jing,Qi Bing.Studies on business model of demand response for residential users[J].Power System Technology,2015,39(10):2719-2724(in Chinese).
[8]汤奕,鲁针针,伏祥运.居民主动负荷促进分布式电源消纳的需求响应策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(24):49-55.Tang Yi,Lu Zhenzhen,Fu Xiangyun.Demand response strategies for promoting consumption of distribution power generation with residential active loads[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(24):49-55(in Chinese).
[9]杨永标,颜庆国,徐石明,等.公共楼宇空调负荷参与电网虚拟调峰的思考[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(17):103-107.Yang Yongbiao,Yan Qingguo,Xu Shiming,et al.Thinking of public building air-condtioning load participating in grid with virtual peak clipping[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(17):103-107(in Chinese).
[10]戚野白,王丹,贾宏杰,等.基于需求响应的集群温控负荷建模及参与低频减载策略研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(3):751-759.Qi Yebai,Wang Dan,Jia Hongjie,et al.Research on under frequency load shedding strategy using aggregated thermostatically controlled loads based on demand response[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(3):751-759(in Chinese).
[11]王蓓蓓,朱峰,嵇文路,等.中央空调降负荷潜力建模及影响因素分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(19):44-52.Wang Beibei,Zhu Feng,Ji Wenlu,et al.Load cutting potential modeling of central air-conditioning and analysis on influencing factors[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(19):44-52(in Chinese).
[12]高赐威,李倩玉,李扬.基于DLC的空调负荷双层优化调度和控制策略[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(10):1546-1555.Gao Ciwei,Li Qianyu,Li Yang.Bi-level optimal dispatch and control strategy for air-conditioning load based on direct load control[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(10):1546-1555(in Chinese).
[13]智勇,郭帅,何欣,等.面向智慧工业园区的双层优化调度模型[J].电力系统自动化,2017,41(1):31-38.Zhi Yong,Guo Shuai,He Xin,et al.Bilevel optimal dispatch model for intelligent industrial park[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2017,41(1):31-38(in Chinese).
[14]刘晓琳,王兆杰,高峰,等.分时电价下的高耗能企业发用电响应[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(8):41-49.Liu Xiaolin,Wang Zhaojie,Gao Feng,et al.Response behaviors of power generation and consumption in energy intensive enterprise under time-of-use price[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(8):41-49(in Chinese).
[15]姚明涛,胡兆光,张宁,等.工业负荷提供辅助服务的多智能体响应模拟[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4219-4226.Yao Mingtao,Hu Zhaoguang,Zhang Ning,et al.Multi-agent response simulation of industrial loads for an-cillary services[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4219-4226(in Chinese).
[16]金红光,隋军,徐聪,等.多能源互补的分布式冷热电联产系统理论与方法研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(12):3150-3160.Jin Hongguang,Sui Jun,Xu Cong,et al.Research on theory and method of muti-energy complementary distributed CCHP system[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(12):3150-3160(in Chinese).