江西局地冰雹WebGIS雷达拼图回波特征分析
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摘要
使用MICAPS系统平台、江西强天气监测平台、江西雷电监测平台、江西WebGIS雷达拼图平台等数据,采用形态分析方法,对2018年3月14日和4月5日井岗山、瑞昌、永修局地冰雹进行分析,结果表明:局地冰雹往往由超级单体回波所为,其影响范围较小,冰雹直径为5～10 mm,降雹时间约30 min。500 hPa、700 hPa和850 hPa有较强的暖湿西南急流,低层湿舌向东北伸展,地面有冷锋过境或存在辐合线,是强天气发展加强的重要天气系统。弓状回波带向前突出部分的前方有对流单体回波产生并且逐渐靠拢时,会使前方单体回波发展成为超级单体回波结构而产生冰雹等强天气。回波的合并是与回波的"传播"相联系的,回波的传播方式一方面加快了回波的移动速度,另一方面改变了回波的移动方向。局地冰雹回波产品特征:强度达到60～65 dBz、回波顶高ET达到9～12 km、液态含水量VIL达到40～60 kg·m~(-2)、垂直显示方式RHI上55～60 dBz强回波顶高达到5～6 km、有虚假回波伴随或有不特别明显的悬挂回波结构等特征。江西WebGIS雷达拼图上对冰雹等强天气的监测更为直观、明显,在识别冰雹回波上有较好的指示:短带回波中心强度从55～60 dBz发展为60～65 dBz时地面开始降雹;超级单体回波由55～60 dBz发展为60～65 dBz时预示着可能出现冰雹等强天气。冰雹的预报着眼点就是根据WebGIS雷达拼图上的以下特征来把握:1)60～65 dBz(粉红色)回波范围大于10×10 km,回波形状呈椭圆形;2)40 dBz(橘黄)回波界线与65 dBz回波界线梯度大;3)60～65 dBz回波中心有65～70 dBz(紫色)回波"核";4)强回波下风向有"前伸"回波结构。
using the data of MICAPS system platform, Jiangxi strong weather monitoring platform, adopting morphological analysis method Jiangxi lightning monitoring platform, Jiangxi WebGIS Radar Mosaic platform and other data, the local hail which occurred in Ninggang, Ruichang and Yongxiu on March 14 and April 5, 2018 is analyzed. The results show that the local hail often comes from the supercell echo, its influence scope is often smaller. The diameter of hail is 5—10 mm, and hail time is about 30 min. While there are strong warm wet southwest jet at 500 hPa, 700 hPa and 850 hPa, low layer wet tongue stretches to the northeast, and a convergence line or cold front crossing on the ground, it is favorable to the develop of strong weather. When the echoes are generated and converged in front of the forward protruding part of bow echo, the echo will develop into a supercell echo structure and produce hail or other strong weather. The merging of echoes is associated with the "propagation" of the echoes. The propagation mode of echo accelerates the moving speed of the echo on one hand, and changes the direction of the echo movement on the other hand. The echo features of local hail are as follows. The intensity reaches 60—65 dBz, the echo top(ET) is 9—12 km, the vertical integrated liquid water content(VIL) is 40—60 kg·m~(-2), the strong echo top of the 55—60 dBz is up to 5—6 km on the vertical display(RHI), and there is false echo accompanied or no obvious suspension echo structure. The monitoring of hail and other strong weather on the Jiangxi WebGIS Radar Mosaic is more intuitive and obvious. It has a good indication of the hail echo recognition: the hail begins when the intensity of the short band echo center is from 55—60 dBz to 60—65 dBz, and the hail or other strong weather may appear when the supercell echo is developed from 55—60 dBz to 60—65 dBz. The forecast points of hail on the WebGIS Radar Mosaic are characters such as: 1)The range of 60—65 dBz(pink) echo is more than 10×10 km, the shape of echo is elliptical. 2)The gradient of boundary line of 40 dBz(orange) echo and 65 dBz echo(pink) is large. 3)The 60—65 dBz(pink) echo has 65—70 dBz(purple) echo "core". 4)The strong echo has a "protrusion" structure in downwind direction.
using the data of MICAPS system platform, Jiangxi strong weather monitoring platform, adopting morphological analysis method Jiangxi lightning monitoring platform, Jiangxi WebGIS Radar Mosaic platform and other data, the local hail which occurred in Ninggang, Ruichang and Yongxiu on March 14 and April 5, 2018 is analyzed. The results show that the local hail often comes from the supercell echo, its influence scope is often smaller. The diameter of hail is 5—10 mm, and hail time is about 30 min. While there are strong warm wet southwest jet at 500 hPa, 700 hPa and 850 hPa, low layer wet tongue stretches to the northeast, and a convergence line or cold front crossing on the ground, it is favorable to the develop of strong weather. When the echoes are generated and converged in front of the forward protruding part of bow echo, the echo will develop into a supercell echo structure and produce hail or other strong weather. The merging of echoes is associated with the "propagation" of the echoes. The propagation mode of echo accelerates the moving speed of the echo on one hand, and changes the direction of the echo movement on the other hand. The echo features of local hail are as follows. The intensity reaches 60—65 dBz, the echo top(ET) is 9—12 km, the vertical integrated liquid water content(VIL) is 40—60 kg·m~(-2), the strong echo top of the 55—60 dBz is up to 5—6 km on the vertical display(RHI), and there is false echo accompanied or no obvious suspension echo structure. The monitoring of hail and other strong weather on the Jiangxi WebGIS Radar Mosaic is more intuitive and obvious. It has a good indication of the hail echo recognition: the hail begins when the intensity of the short band echo center is from 55—60 dBz to 60—65 dBz, and the hail or other strong weather may appear when the supercell echo is developed from 55—60 dBz to 60—65 dBz. The forecast points of hail on the WebGIS Radar Mosaic are characters such as: 1)The range of 60—65 dBz(pink) echo is more than 10×10 km, the shape of echo is elliptical. 2)The gradient of boundary line of 40 dBz(orange) echo and 65 dBz echo(pink) is large. 3)The 60—65 dBz(pink) echo has 65—70 dBz(purple) echo "core". 4)The strong echo has a "protrusion" structure in downwind direction.
引文
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[14]王萍,潘跃.基于显著性特征的大冰雹识别模型[J].物理学报,2013,62(6):1-10.
[15]魏鸣,慕瑞琪,马中元.2012年春季宜春地区降水期间高空风的频谱分析[J].大气科学学报,2017,40(2):233-242.
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[19]丁建芳,杜春丽,鲍向东,等.一次冰雹云过程及其冰雹形成机制的模拟研究[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(2):49-57.
[20]梁钰,张一平,董俊玲,等.郑州地区3次冷涡型强对流天气对比分析[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(3):1-7.
[21]张琪.三门峡地区一次飑线天气成因及特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(4):76-83.
[22]崔强,王春明,张云.干侵入对江淮流域一次强飑线过程的作用分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(2):18-24.
[23]叶更新,刘壮华,刘国禹.一次罕见的左移超级单体风暴的特征[J].干旱气象,2014,32(3):431-438.
[24]黄纯玺,孙晓磊,侯天宇,等.滨海新区2014-06-22强对流天气过程分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(3):75-81.
[25]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊延南,等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:116-122.
[2]李聪,姜有山,姜迪,等.一次冰雹天气过程的多源资料观测分析[J].气象,2017,43(9):1084-1094.
[3]徐芬,郑媛媛,慕熙昱,等.江苏沿江地区一次强冰雹天气的中尺度特征分析[J].气象,2016,42(5):567-577.
[4]王晓娟.四川盆地南部边缘一次局地风雹天气的中尺度及雷达观测分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2016,36(2):75-81.
[5]陈贵川,谌芸,乔林,等.重庆“5.6”强风雹天气过程成因分析[J].气象,2011,37(7):871-879.
[6]鲁德金,陈钟荣,袁野,等.安徽地区春夏季冰雹云雷达回波特征分析[J].气象,2015,41(9):1104-1110.
[7]周泓,段玮,赵爽,等.滇中地区冰雹的多普勒天气雷达及闪电活动特征分析[J].气象,2014,40(9):1132-1144.
[8]王艳兰,王军君,伍静,等.广西3次不同类型强对流天气对比分析[J].干旱气象,2015,33(4):635-643.
[9]敖泽建,傅朝,蒋友严,等.甘南高原“4·15”冰雹天气的多普勒雷达特征分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2017,11(2):27-33.
[10]黄晓龙,高丽.2014年3.19台州冰雹过程中尺度分析[J].气象,2016,42(6):696-708.
[11]马中元,苏俐敏,谌芸,等.一次强飑线及飑前中小尺度系统特征分析[J].气象,2014,40(8):916-929.
[12]许爱华,马中元,叶小峰.江西8种强对流天气形势与云型特征分析[J].气象,2011,37(10):1185-1195.
[13]马中元,叶小峰,张瑛,等.江西三类致灾大风天气活动与回波特征分析[J].气象,2011,37(9):1108-1117.
[14]王萍,潘跃.基于显著性特征的大冰雹识别模型[J].物理学报,2013,62(6):1-10.
[15]魏鸣,慕瑞琪,马中元.2012年春季宜春地区降水期间高空风的频谱分析[J].大气科学学报,2017,40(2):233-242.
[16]苏俐敏,夏文梅,马中元,等.2012年江西宜春四类短时强降水特征分析[J].气象科学,2014,34(6):700-708.
[17]袁鹏飞,姬鸿丽,刘文玲.一次罕见大冰雹天气的新一代天气雷达回波分析[J].气象与环境科学,2012,35(1):62-66.
[18]丁建芳,刘磊,鲍向东,等.三门峡一次冰雹天气多普勒雷达资料分析[J].气象与环境科学,2012,35(3):49-53.
[19]丁建芳,杜春丽,鲍向东,等.一次冰雹云过程及其冰雹形成机制的模拟研究[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(2):49-57.
[20]梁钰,张一平,董俊玲,等.郑州地区3次冷涡型强对流天气对比分析[J].气象与环境科学,2014,37(3):1-7.
[21]张琪.三门峡地区一次飑线天气成因及特征分析[J].气象与环境科学,2015,38(4):76-83.
[22]崔强,王春明,张云.干侵入对江淮流域一次强飑线过程的作用分析[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2016,10(2):18-24.
[23]叶更新,刘壮华,刘国禹.一次罕见的左移超级单体风暴的特征[J].干旱气象,2014,32(3):431-438.
[24]黄纯玺,孙晓磊,侯天宇,等.滨海新区2014-06-22强对流天气过程分析[J].气象与环境科学,2016,39(3):75-81.
[25]俞小鼎,姚秀萍,熊延南,等.多普勒天气雷达原理与业务应用[M].北京:气象出版社,2006:116-122.