男性行人与SUV正碰后的运动形态及损伤研究
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摘要
为降低人车正面碰撞事故中男性行人的损伤程度,利用放缩法建立我国50百分位男性身高168.5cm,体质量为50.5、65.5、75.5、80.5 kg等4种体型的男性行人模型;在MADYMO仿真分析环境中建立上述不同体型的男性行人与运动型多功能车(SUV)在不同碰撞速度、不同最大制动减速度下的正面碰撞模型,开展仿真试验,研究碰撞后男性行人运动形态和头部损伤情况。结果表明:碰撞车速决定碰撞后男性行人运动形态,且显著影响男性行人头部损伤来源;碰撞车速为30～80 km/h,男性行人头部损伤主要是与地面碰撞所致;碰撞车速大于90 km/h,男性行人头部损伤主要是与SUV碰撞所致;男性行人体型越肥胖,与SUV碰撞所致的头部伤害指标值(HIC)越小;最大制动减速度越大,男性行人与SUV碰撞所致的头部HIC值越小,头部与SUV碰撞时刻越晚。
In order to reduce the damage to male pedestrian in pedestrian-SUV collision accident, the Hybrid Ⅲ 50~(th) dummy was taken as the reference model, four types of male pedestrian model of our country with height of 168.5 cm and weight of 50.5 kg, 65.5 kg, 75.5 kg and 80.5 kg were established by scaling, a front collision model of different types of male pedestrian-SUV with different collision speeds and maximum braking deceleration was built by using MADYMO, then computer simulation tests were carried out, to study the movement form and head injury of male pedestrian after the collision. The research shows that the collision speed determines the movement pattern of pedestrian after the collision, that the collision speed has a great influence on the source of male pedestrian head injury, that when the collision speed is 30-80 km/h, male pedestrian head injury is mainly caused by the collision with the ground, when the collision speed is greater than 90 km/h, male pedestrian head injury is mainly caused by collision with SUV, that the bigger the human body type is, the smaller the HIC value of the head caused by the collision with the SUV will be, and that the larger the maximum braking deceleration, the smaller the HIC value of the head caused by the collision between the male pedestrian and the SUV and the later the collision between the head and the SUV will be.
In order to reduce the damage to male pedestrian in pedestrian-SUV collision accident, the Hybrid Ⅲ 50~(th) dummy was taken as the reference model, four types of male pedestrian model of our country with height of 168.5 cm and weight of 50.5 kg, 65.5 kg, 75.5 kg and 80.5 kg were established by scaling, a front collision model of different types of male pedestrian-SUV with different collision speeds and maximum braking deceleration was built by using MADYMO, then computer simulation tests were carried out, to study the movement form and head injury of male pedestrian after the collision. The research shows that the collision speed determines the movement pattern of pedestrian after the collision, that the collision speed has a great influence on the source of male pedestrian head injury, that when the collision speed is 30-80 km/h, male pedestrian head injury is mainly caused by the collision with the ground, when the collision speed is greater than 90 km/h, male pedestrian head injury is mainly caused by collision with SUV, that the bigger the human body type is, the smaller the HIC value of the head caused by the collision with the SUV will be, and that the larger the maximum braking deceleration, the smaller the HIC value of the head caused by the collision between the male pedestrian and the SUV and the later the collision between the head and the SUV will be.
引文
[1] 公安部交通管理局.中华人民共和国道路交通事故统计年报(2015年度)[R],2016.
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[8] 蒋阳, 黄海波. 人车碰撞中行人损伤影响因素研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27(3): 95-99.JIANG Yang, HUANG Haibo. A study on multiple factors affecting pedestrian injury in pedestrian-car collision accident [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27(3): 95-99.
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[10] 张诗波, 刘澜.行人被面包车碰撞的运动学规律[J].中国公路学报,2018,31(4): 262-269.ZHANG Shibo, LIU Lan. Projection kinematics of pedestrian impacted by minivans [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2018, 31(4): 262-269.
[11] 申杰,金先龙,张晓云,等.基于中国人体形特征的行人假人缩放方法[J].汽车工程,2007,29(12): 1 025-1 027.SHEN Jie, JIN Xianlong, ZHANG Xiaoyun, et al. Pedestrian dummy scaling based on Chinese anthropometric characteristics[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2007, 29(12): 1 025-1 027.
[12] 李杰,解江,袁鹏.中国体态假人模型与FAA Hybrid Ⅲ型假人模型冲击差异性分析[J]. 科技视界, 2016(18): 16-17.LI Jie, XIE Jiang, YUAN Peng. Analysis of the impact difference between Chinese body model and FAA Hybrid III model[J]. Science & Technology Vision, 2016(18): 16-17.
[13] Netherlands Organization for Applied Science Research.Madymo human models version 6.2[R], 2004.
[14] MOSER Andreas, HOSCHOPF Heinz,STEFFAN Hermann,et al.Validation of the Pc-Crash pedestrian model[J]. SAE World Congress, 2000, 109(2): 1 316-1 339.
[15] European New Car Assessment Program (Euro-NCAP). Assessment protocol-pedestrian protection,version 7.0,Euro-NCAP secretary [S/OL]. (2014-01-01). http://www.euroncap.com.
[16] UNTAROIU C D, MEISSNER M U, CRANDALL J R, et al. Crash reconstruction of pedestrian accidents using optimization techniques[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2009, 36(2): 210-219.
[17] ADAMS V I, CARRUBBA C. The abbreviated injury scale[J]. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology, 1998, 19(3): 246-251.
[18] WOOD D P, WALSH D G. Pedestrian forward projection impact[J]. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2002, 7(3): 285-306.
[19] 范艳辉, 许洪国, 董金松,等. 汽车行人碰撞接触中行人运动学规律仿真研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2009, 19(1): 45-51.FAN Yanhui, XU Hongguo, DONG Jinsong, et al. Simulation on the kinematics laws of pedestrian in the contacting phase of the collision between vehicle and pedestrian [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2009, 19(1): 45-51.
[2] ELLIOTT R, SIMMS C K, WOOD D P. Pedestrian head translation, rotation and impact velocity: the influence of vehicle speed, pedestrian speed and pedestrian gait [J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2012, 45(1): 342-353.
[3] BADEA-ROMERO A, LENARD J. Source of head injury for pedestrians and pedal cyclists: Striking vehicle or road? [J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2013, 50(1): 1 140-1 150.
[4] HAN Yong, FU Shouzhen, YIN Zhiyong, et al. A study on chest soft tissue injury risk in vehicle to pedestrian collisions[C].The 12th International Forum of Automotive Traffic Safety, 2016: 36-39.
[5] SHI Liangliang, HAN Yong, HUANG Hongwu, et al. Analysis of pedestrian-to-ground impact injury risk in vehicle-to-pedestrian collisions based on rotation angles [J]. Journal of Safety Research, 2018, 64: 37-47.
[6] 李华,李岳林,肖璟,等. 行人与不同车型车碰撞事故中头部损伤来源[J].中国安全科学学报,2016, 26(11): 81-86.LI Hua, LI Yuelin, XIAO Jing, et al. Study on source of head injury in vehicle-pedestrian accident considering types of vehicles [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2016, 26(11): 81-86.
[7] 陈奇,张道文,王鑫.行人与厢式客车碰撞后的运动形态及损伤研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015, 25(9): 133-138.CHEN Qi, ZHANG Daowen, WANG Xin. A study on movement form and injury of pedestrian in van-pedestrian collision[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2015, 25(9): 133-138.
[8] 蒋阳, 黄海波. 人车碰撞中行人损伤影响因素研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27(3): 95-99.JIANG Yang, HUANG Haibo. A study on multiple factors affecting pedestrian injury in pedestrian-car collision accident [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27(3): 95-99.
[9] 尹均,张道文,肖凌云,等.人车事故中不同体型行人应急姿态仿真研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(2): 51-56.YIN Jun, ZHANG Daowen, XIAO Lingyun, et al. A study on emergency postures simulation of pedestrians with different body types in pedestrians-vehicle accidents [J]. China Safety Science Journal,2018, 28(2): 51-56.
[10] 张诗波, 刘澜.行人被面包车碰撞的运动学规律[J].中国公路学报,2018,31(4): 262-269.ZHANG Shibo, LIU Lan. Projection kinematics of pedestrian impacted by minivans [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2018, 31(4): 262-269.
[11] 申杰,金先龙,张晓云,等.基于中国人体形特征的行人假人缩放方法[J].汽车工程,2007,29(12): 1 025-1 027.SHEN Jie, JIN Xianlong, ZHANG Xiaoyun, et al. Pedestrian dummy scaling based on Chinese anthropometric characteristics[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2007, 29(12): 1 025-1 027.
[12] 李杰,解江,袁鹏.中国体态假人模型与FAA Hybrid Ⅲ型假人模型冲击差异性分析[J]. 科技视界, 2016(18): 16-17.LI Jie, XIE Jiang, YUAN Peng. Analysis of the impact difference between Chinese body model and FAA Hybrid III model[J]. Science & Technology Vision, 2016(18): 16-17.
[13] Netherlands Organization for Applied Science Research.Madymo human models version 6.2[R], 2004.
[14] MOSER Andreas, HOSCHOPF Heinz,STEFFAN Hermann,et al.Validation of the Pc-Crash pedestrian model[J]. SAE World Congress, 2000, 109(2): 1 316-1 339.
[15] European New Car Assessment Program (Euro-NCAP). Assessment protocol-pedestrian protection,version 7.0,Euro-NCAP secretary [S/OL]. (2014-01-01). http://www.euroncap.com.
[16] UNTAROIU C D, MEISSNER M U, CRANDALL J R, et al. Crash reconstruction of pedestrian accidents using optimization techniques[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2009, 36(2): 210-219.
[17] ADAMS V I, CARRUBBA C. The abbreviated injury scale[J]. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology, 1998, 19(3): 246-251.
[18] WOOD D P, WALSH D G. Pedestrian forward projection impact[J]. International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2002, 7(3): 285-306.
[19] 范艳辉, 许洪国, 董金松,等. 汽车行人碰撞接触中行人运动学规律仿真研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2009, 19(1): 45-51.FAN Yanhui, XU Hongguo, DONG Jinsong, et al. Simulation on the kinematics laws of pedestrian in the contacting phase of the collision between vehicle and pedestrian [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2009, 19(1): 45-51.
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