滇西高黎贡构造带东缘中侏罗世玄武岩岩石地球化学特征及其构造意义
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摘要
高黎贡构造带东南缘的混杂岩带形成的构造背景复杂。产于混杂岩带以东的中侏罗世玄武岩地球化学特征可能为该岩石形成的构造背景提供依据。滇西中侏罗世玄武岩分布于高黎贡构造带东缘的凤平镇-畹町(南带)和怒江(北带)一带。其中怒江一带玄武岩具有块状构造,气孔杏仁发育,间粒结构,发生了绿片岩相变质。岩石属于亚碱性拉斑系列,具有中等的MgO(5.09%～6.20%)、较高的钛(Ti O_21.64%～2.14%)、铁(Fe O~T9.19%～12.80%),且Na_2O>K_2O。岩石Mg~#值(Mg~#=Mg~(2+)/(Mg~(2+)+Fe~(2+)))为0.51～0.59,反映了源区岩浆经历了明显的辉石和橄榄石分离结晶,同时存在低氧逸度下分离结晶。岩石富含稀土元素(78.52×10~(-6)～99.41×10~(-6)),具明显的轻、重稀土分馏((La/Yb)_N=4.06～5.54),无明显Eu异常(δEu=0.91～1.00),斜长石分离结晶不明显。同时,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、U)和高场强元素(Nb、Zr、Ti),具有弱的Nb、Zr、Ti负异常。较高的Zr/Y(3.58～5.88)、Ta/Yb(0.29～0.51)、Th/Yb(1.15～1.45)和(La/Nb)_N(1.03～1.41)比值,说明怒江一带玄武岩具有裂谷特征。相对高Nb含量(8.83×10~(-6)～15.60×10~(-6))和富集稀土元素不同于岛弧,周边及下部缺少洋壳和Nb负异常有别于OIB。岩浆源自富集的石榴石地幔橄榄岩部分熔融,在上涌过程中受到了地壳污染,显示Nb负异常。有限的岩浆作用规模和较短的喷发时间反映了高黎贡构造带东缘怒江一带具有被动拉张的裂谷性质,可能与古特提斯洋闭合引起的拉张作用有关。
The tectonic settings of the mélange on southeast of the Gaoligong tectonic zone in west Yunnan are very complicated.The geochemistry of the Mid-Jurassic basalts at east part of the mélange may provide tectonic environmental evidence for the formation of the rocks.The basalts distribute in Fengpingzhen-Wanding(south basalt belt)and Nujiang(north basalt belt)areas,where the rocks from the Nujiang area are dark grey,massive,vesicular and amygdaloidal in structure,and intergranular in texture.They all underwent greenschists facies metamorphism,with mineral assemblage of altered chlorite,epidote,albite,zeolite,titanite,potassiummagnesium ferro-aluminosilicate and residual Ti-bearing augite.The rocks are classified as sub-alkaline tholeiitic series,with middle MgO(5.09%～6.20%),rich in Ti(Ti O_21.64%～2.14%),Fe(Fe O~T9.19%～12.80%),and Na_2O>K_2O.The magma of the basalts with Mg~#values(Mg~#=Mg~(2+)/(Mg~(2+)+Fe~(2+)))of 0.51～0.59,experienced pyroxene and olivine fractional crystallization.Meanwhile,iron-enriched(relative low silicate)fractional crystallization tendency at low oxygen fugacity may exist for the magma.The basalts are rich in REE(∑REE 78.52×10~(-6)～99.41×10~(-6))and fractional between LREEs and HREEs((La/Yb)_N=4.06～5.54),without obvious Eu anomaly(δEu=0.91～1.00).Meanwhile,they possess relatively high LILE(Rb,Ba,Th and U)and HFSE(Nb,Zr and Ti),with week Nb,Zr and Ti negative anomaly.High Zr/Y(3.58～5.88),Ta/Yb(0.29～0.51)and Th/Yb(1.15～1.45)ratios as well as(La/Nb)_Nratios(1.03～1.41)reflect their affinity with continent.Relative high Nb concentrations(8.83×10~(-6)～15.60×10~(-6))and∑REE distinguish them from those of island arc;lack of ocean crust around them together with Nb negative anomalies show their difference from seamount/OIB.The week Nb negative anomalies for magma are resulted from crustal contamination during upwelling.High Ti O_2,Fe O~T,(La/Yb)_Nratios as well as lowε_(Nd)suggest the basaltic magma sourced from enriched garnet peridotite mantle,with relative lower degree partial melting for the Hongqiqiao and Linggangzhai basalts and higher degree partial melting for the Nujiangxian basalts.Upon the limited scale,spatial distribution and short activation time of the MidJurassic basaltic magmatism,the Nujiang area on eastern Gaoligong tectonic zone may have been extensional and depressed,producing rift magma,which may arise from closure of the Paleo-Tethys.
The tectonic settings of the mélange on southeast of the Gaoligong tectonic zone in west Yunnan are very complicated.The geochemistry of the Mid-Jurassic basalts at east part of the mélange may provide tectonic environmental evidence for the formation of the rocks.The basalts distribute in Fengpingzhen-Wanding(south basalt belt)and Nujiang(north basalt belt)areas,where the rocks from the Nujiang area are dark grey,massive,vesicular and amygdaloidal in structure,and intergranular in texture.They all underwent greenschists facies metamorphism,with mineral assemblage of altered chlorite,epidote,albite,zeolite,titanite,potassiummagnesium ferro-aluminosilicate and residual Ti-bearing augite.The rocks are classified as sub-alkaline tholeiitic series,with middle MgO(5.09%～6.20%),rich in Ti(Ti O_21.64%～2.14%),Fe(Fe O~T9.19%～12.80%),and Na_2O>K_2O.The magma of the basalts with Mg~#values(Mg~#=Mg~(2+)/(Mg~(2+)+Fe~(2+)))of 0.51～0.59,experienced pyroxene and olivine fractional crystallization.Meanwhile,iron-enriched(relative low silicate)fractional crystallization tendency at low oxygen fugacity may exist for the magma.The basalts are rich in REE(∑REE 78.52×10~(-6)～99.41×10~(-6))and fractional between LREEs and HREEs((La/Yb)_N=4.06～5.54),without obvious Eu anomaly(δEu=0.91～1.00).Meanwhile,they possess relatively high LILE(Rb,Ba,Th and U)and HFSE(Nb,Zr and Ti),with week Nb,Zr and Ti negative anomaly.High Zr/Y(3.58～5.88),Ta/Yb(0.29～0.51)and Th/Yb(1.15～1.45)ratios as well as(La/Nb)_Nratios(1.03～1.41)reflect their affinity with continent.Relative high Nb concentrations(8.83×10~(-6)～15.60×10~(-6))and∑REE distinguish them from those of island arc;lack of ocean crust around them together with Nb negative anomalies show their difference from seamount/OIB.The week Nb negative anomalies for magma are resulted from crustal contamination during upwelling.High Ti O_2,Fe O~T,(La/Yb)_Nratios as well as lowε_(Nd)suggest the basaltic magma sourced from enriched garnet peridotite mantle,with relative lower degree partial melting for the Hongqiqiao and Linggangzhai basalts and higher degree partial melting for the Nujiangxian basalts.Upon the limited scale,spatial distribution and short activation time of the MidJurassic basaltic magmatism,the Nujiang area on eastern Gaoligong tectonic zone may have been extensional and depressed,producing rift magma,which may arise from closure of the Paleo-Tethys.
引文
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