1822号“山竹”台风对广东省降雨侵蚀力的影响
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摘要
[目的]探讨台风强降雨对降雨侵蚀力的影响,为土壤侵蚀的预测预防与治理提供一定的依据。[方法]利用2018年"山竹"台风登陆广东省带来的强降雨,以小时降雨侵蚀力模型为基础,计算"山竹"台风期间广东省降雨侵蚀力及时空分布。[结果]①广东省降雨侵蚀力与台风路径相关,在2018年9月15日粤东地区降雨侵蚀力最大,而16日与17日在粤西地区的降雨侵蚀最大;②山竹台风期间,广东省降雨侵蚀力呈现以阳春市为中心,向两侧降低,特别是在粤北和粤东地区的降雨侵蚀力最低;③降雨量大的站点,降雨侵蚀力也较大,但并不是一一对应的关系,雨强与降雨动能也是影响降雨侵蚀力的重要因素。[结论]台风带来的强降雨影响广东省15—17日降雨侵蚀力分布,台风移动路径决定降雨侵蚀力的大小。
[Objective] The impacts of heavy rainfall caused by typhoon on rainfall erosivity were explored in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prediction, prevention and control of soil erosion. [Methods] Based on the hourly rainfall erosivity model, the temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity during typhoon Mangosteen landing in Guangdong Province in 2018 was calculated. [Results] ① The rainfall erosivity in Guangdong Province was related to the typhoon path. On the 15 th, September 2018, the rainfall erosivity was the highest in the eastern part of Guangdong Province, while the largest rainfall erosivity in the west was occurred on the 16 th and 17 th; ② Rainfall erosivity in Guangdong Province tended to be centered arond Yangchun City and decreases to both sides during typhoon Mangosteen, especially in Northern and Eastern Guangdong Province; ③The stations with large rainfall also showed a large rainfall erosivity, but it was not a one-to-one correspondence. Rain strength and rainfall kinetic energy were also important factors affecting rainfall erosivity. [Conclusion] The heavy rainfall caused by typhoon affected the distribution of rainfall erosivity in Guangdong Province from 15 th to 17 th September 2018, and the path of typhoon movement determined the magnitude of rainfall erosivity.
[Objective] The impacts of heavy rainfall caused by typhoon on rainfall erosivity were explored in order to provide a theoretical basis for the prediction, prevention and control of soil erosion. [Methods] Based on the hourly rainfall erosivity model, the temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall erosivity during typhoon Mangosteen landing in Guangdong Province in 2018 was calculated. [Results] ① The rainfall erosivity in Guangdong Province was related to the typhoon path. On the 15 th, September 2018, the rainfall erosivity was the highest in the eastern part of Guangdong Province, while the largest rainfall erosivity in the west was occurred on the 16 th and 17 th; ② Rainfall erosivity in Guangdong Province tended to be centered arond Yangchun City and decreases to both sides during typhoon Mangosteen, especially in Northern and Eastern Guangdong Province; ③The stations with large rainfall also showed a large rainfall erosivity, but it was not a one-to-one correspondence. Rain strength and rainfall kinetic energy were also important factors affecting rainfall erosivity. [Conclusion] The heavy rainfall caused by typhoon affected the distribution of rainfall erosivity in Guangdong Province from 15 th to 17 th September 2018, and the path of typhoon movement determined the magnitude of rainfall erosivity.
引文
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[15] Vallebona C,Pellegrino E,Frumento P,et al.Temporal trends in extreme rainfall intensity and erosivity in the Mediterranean region:A case study in southern Tuscany,Italy [J].Climatic Change,2015,128(2):139-151.
[16] Diodato N,Bellocchi G.Decadal modelling of rainfall-runoff erosivity in the Euro-Mediterranean region using extreme precipitation indices [J].Global and Planetary Change,2012,86(6):79-91.
[17] Yin Shuiqing.Xie Yun,Nearing M A,et al.Estimation of rainfall erosivity using 5-to 60-minute fixed-interval rainfall data from China[J].Catena,2007,70(3):306-312.
[18] 殷水清,谢云,王春刚.用小时降雨资料估算降雨侵蚀力的方法[J].地理研究,2007,26(3):541-547.
[19] 吴佐成,汪小钦,周伟东,等.基于逐时降雨数据的长汀县降雨侵蚀力估算[J].福州大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(1):115-120.
[20] Brown L C,Foster G R.Storm erosivity using idealized intensity distribution[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1987,30(3):379-386.
[21] 章文波,谢云,刘宝元.用雨量和雨强计算次降雨侵蚀力[J].地理研究,2002,21(3):384-390.
[22] 吴志峰,刘平,王继增,等.广东省降雨侵蚀力时间变化初步分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2005,17(1):34-37.
[23] Zhao Qinghe,Li Dingqiang,Zhuo Muning,et al.Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on erosion characteristics of the red soil slope [J].Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,2015,29(2):609-621.
[24] Wu Xinliang,Wei Yujie,Wang Junguang,et al.Effects of soil type and rainfall intensity on sheet erosion processes and sediment characteristics along the climatic gradient in Central-south China [J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,621:54-66.
[2] Vrieling A,Joost C B H,Marijn V.Towards large-scale monitoring of soil erosion in Africa:Accounting for the dynamics of rainfall erosivity[J].Global and Planetary Change,2014,115(4):33-43.
[3] Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.Predicting rainfall erosion losses:A guide to conservation planning [M].US Department of Agriculture,Science and Education Administration,Agriculture Research.Agriculture Handbook,1978,No.537.
[4] Renard K G,Freidmund J R.Using monthly precipitation data to estimate the R-factor in the RUSLE [J].Journal of Hydrology,1994,157(4):287-306.
[5] Yu Bofu,Rosewell C J.A robust of the R-factor for the universal soil loss equation [J].Transaction of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1996,39(2):559-561.
[6] Yu Bofu.Rainfall erosivity and its estimation for Australia’s tropics [J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,1998,36(1),143-166.
[7] 周伏建,陈明华,林福兴,等.福建省降雨侵蚀力指标R值[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(1):13-18.
[8] 黄炎和,卢程隆,郑添发,等.闽东南降雨侵蚀力指标R值的研究[J].水土保持学报,1992,6(4):25-30.
[9] Loureiro N D S,Coutinho M D A.A new procedure to estimate the RUSLE EI30 index,based on monthly rainfall data and applied to the Algarve region,Portugal[J].Journal of Hydrology,2001,250(1):12-18.
[10] Richardson C W,Foster G R,Wright D A.Estimation of erosion index from daily rainfall amount [J].Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,,1983,26(1):153-160.
[11] Yu Bofu,Rosewell C J.An assessment of a daily rainfall erosivity model for New South Wales [J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,1996,34(1):139-152.
[12] 章文波,谢云,刘宝元.利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J].地理科学,2002,22(6):705-711.
[13] Xie Yun,Liu Baoyuan,Nearing M A.Practical thresholds for separating erosive and non-erosive storms [J].Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,2002,45(6):1843-1847.
[14] Chen Shifa,Zha Xuan.Effects of the ENSO on rainfall erosivity in the Fujian Province of southeast China [J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,621:1378-1388.
[15] Vallebona C,Pellegrino E,Frumento P,et al.Temporal trends in extreme rainfall intensity and erosivity in the Mediterranean region:A case study in southern Tuscany,Italy [J].Climatic Change,2015,128(2):139-151.
[16] Diodato N,Bellocchi G.Decadal modelling of rainfall-runoff erosivity in the Euro-Mediterranean region using extreme precipitation indices [J].Global and Planetary Change,2012,86(6):79-91.
[17] Yin Shuiqing.Xie Yun,Nearing M A,et al.Estimation of rainfall erosivity using 5-to 60-minute fixed-interval rainfall data from China[J].Catena,2007,70(3):306-312.
[18] 殷水清,谢云,王春刚.用小时降雨资料估算降雨侵蚀力的方法[J].地理研究,2007,26(3):541-547.
[19] 吴佐成,汪小钦,周伟东,等.基于逐时降雨数据的长汀县降雨侵蚀力估算[J].福州大学学报:自然科学版,2017,45(1):115-120.
[20] Brown L C,Foster G R.Storm erosivity using idealized intensity distribution[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1987,30(3):379-386.
[21] 章文波,谢云,刘宝元.用雨量和雨强计算次降雨侵蚀力[J].地理研究,2002,21(3):384-390.
[22] 吴志峰,刘平,王继增,等.广东省降雨侵蚀力时间变化初步分析[J].亚热带水土保持,2005,17(1):34-37.
[23] Zhao Qinghe,Li Dingqiang,Zhuo Muning,et al.Effects of rainfall intensity and slope gradient on erosion characteristics of the red soil slope [J].Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment,2015,29(2):609-621.
[24] Wu Xinliang,Wei Yujie,Wang Junguang,et al.Effects of soil type and rainfall intensity on sheet erosion processes and sediment characteristics along the climatic gradient in Central-south China [J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,621:54-66.
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