华南地区早晚稻生育期降水特征分析
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摘要
【目的】研究华南地区早稻和晚稻不同生育期间降水的特点,为华南双季稻种植提供决策依据,同时对华南地区双季稻生产和防灾减灾也具有积极意义。【方法】利用华南地区1960—2008年49年间逐日降水资料,计算早稻和晚稻不同生育期的区域平均累计降水和暴雨日平均百分率,分析降水多年平均值和空间分布特点。【结果】华南地区早稻和晚稻生育期总累计降水量相差不大,均在600 mm以上(早稻673.5 mm、晚稻611.5 mm)。早稻和晚稻各生育期累计降水量和日均降水量、日均暴雨降水量差异较大;生育期累计降水量最大为晚稻秧苗期(256.6 mm),最小为晚稻抽穗期(26.9 mm);早稻生育期日均降水量最大为结实期(8.2 mm)、最小为秧苗期(4.1 mm),晚稻最大为秧苗期(8.3 mm)、最小为结实期;早稻日均暴雨降水量随着生育期的后推逐渐增加,晚稻则随生育期的后推逐渐减少。空间分布表明,早稻和晚稻生育期内累计降水量和暴雨概率大值中心分布与华南地区前后汛期降水系统密切相关,早稻主要受到季风系统的影响,而晚稻受台风系统影响为主,降水和暴雨高值中心主要分布在沿海地区。【结论】早稻和晚稻不同生育期降水特征差异较大,早稻防涝工作应着重在结实期,晚稻防涝工作应重点在分蘖期。
【Objective】 Rainfall characteristics during each growth period of early and late rice in South China region were studied to provide a decision-making basis and have an active meaning for double cropping rice production and disaster prevention and reduction in South China. 【Method】 Using daily precipitation data of47 meteorology observational stations from 1960 to 2008 in South China, regional average cumulative precipitation and daily average percentage of rainstorm in each growth period of early and late rice were calculated, and annual average value and spatial distribution characteristic of rainfall were analyzed. 【Result】 There was almost the same accumulated rainfall with above 600 mm in early rice(673.5 mm) and late rice(611.5 mm)periods. The maximum accumulated rainfall occurred in seedling stage of late rice(256.6 mm), and the minimum value occurred in heading stage of late rice(26.9 mm). The maximum daily average precipitation in growth periods of early and late rice occurred in filling stage(8.2 mm) and seedling stage(8.3 mm) respectively,and the minimum value occurred in seedling stage(4.1 mm) and filling stage respectively. The daily average rainstorm and precipitation gradually increased with the growth stage for early rice, but decreased for late rice.The results of spatial distribution showed that the accumulated rainfall and frequency of heavy rainfall were closely related with the precipitation system in South China during the flood season. Early rice was mainlyaffected by the monsoon system,and late rice was mainly affected by the typhoon system. The high values of precipitation and rainstorm were mainly located in coastal areas. 【Conclusion】 Rainfall characteristics in the growth periods of early and late rice are different. The most important stage for preventing flood is filling stage for early rice, but tillering stage for late rice.
【Objective】 Rainfall characteristics during each growth period of early and late rice in South China region were studied to provide a decision-making basis and have an active meaning for double cropping rice production and disaster prevention and reduction in South China. 【Method】 Using daily precipitation data of47 meteorology observational stations from 1960 to 2008 in South China, regional average cumulative precipitation and daily average percentage of rainstorm in each growth period of early and late rice were calculated, and annual average value and spatial distribution characteristic of rainfall were analyzed. 【Result】 There was almost the same accumulated rainfall with above 600 mm in early rice(673.5 mm) and late rice(611.5 mm)periods. The maximum accumulated rainfall occurred in seedling stage of late rice(256.6 mm), and the minimum value occurred in heading stage of late rice(26.9 mm). The maximum daily average precipitation in growth periods of early and late rice occurred in filling stage(8.2 mm) and seedling stage(8.3 mm) respectively,and the minimum value occurred in seedling stage(4.1 mm) and filling stage respectively. The daily average rainstorm and precipitation gradually increased with the growth stage for early rice, but decreased for late rice.The results of spatial distribution showed that the accumulated rainfall and frequency of heavy rainfall were closely related with the precipitation system in South China during the flood season. Early rice was mainlyaffected by the monsoon system,and late rice was mainly affected by the typhoon system. The high values of precipitation and rainstorm were mainly located in coastal areas. 【Conclusion】 Rainfall characteristics in the growth periods of early and late rice are different. The most important stage for preventing flood is filling stage for early rice, but tillering stage for late rice.
引文
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[23]姬静华,霍治国,唐力生,等.早稻灌浆期淹水对剑叶理化特性及产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(2):181-192.
[24]向镜,陈惠哲,张玉屏,等.淹涝条件下水温对水稻幼苗形态和生理的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(5):525-532.
[2]乔云亭,周鑫,简茂球,等.华南春旱特征及其与水汽输送的关系[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2010,49(2):125-129.
[3]CHEN J,WEN Z,WU R,et al.,Interdecadal changes in the relationship between southern China winter-spring precipitation and ENSO[J].Climate Dyn,2014,43(5/6):1327-1338.
[4]FENG L,ZHOU T,WU B,et al.Projection of future precipitation changes over China with a high-resolution global atmospheric model[J].Adv Atmosci,2010,28(2):464-476.
[5]SOLOMON S,QIN D,MANNING M,et al.Climate change(2007):The physical science basis[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2007:996.
[6]任国玉,封国林,严中伟.中国极端气候变化观测研究回顾与展望[J].气候与环境研究,2010,15(4):337-353.
[7]章开美,陈胜东,李丽平.1969-2013年华南前汛期极端降水年际异常及影响因子[J].中国农学通报,2017,339(25):116-126.
[8]胡宜,董文杰,何勇.21世纪初极端天气气候事件研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2000,22(10):1066-1075.
[9]李丽平,章开美,王超,等.近40年华南前汛期极端降水时空演变特征[J].气候与环境研究,2010,15(4):443-450.
[10]李丽平,许冠宇,成丽萍.华南后汛期极端降水特征及变化趋势[J].大气科学学报,2012,35(5):570-577.
[11]黄士松,李真光,包澄澜,等,华南前汛期暴雨[M].广州:广东科技出版社,1986:1-7.
[12]何有海,关翠华,林锡贵,等.华南后汛期降雨量的振动和分布[J].热带气象学报,1998,14(4):359-363.
[13]房永生,中国极端强降水的时空特征及未来预估[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2014
[14]王东海,夏茹娣,刘英.2008年华南前汛期致洪暴雨特征及其对比分析[J].气象学报,2011,69(1):137-148.
[15]伍红雨,杜尧东,秦鹏.华南暴雨的气候特征及变化[J].气象,2011,37(10):1262-1269.
[16]WU L J,SHAO Y,CHENG A Y S.A diagnostic study of two heavy rainfall events in South China[J].Meteorol Atmos Phys,2011,111(1):13-25.
[17]陈思,高建芸,黄丽娜,等.华南前汛期持续性暴雨年代际变化特征及成因[J].应用气象学报,2017,28(1):86-97.
[18]WU L J,HUANG R H,HE H Y,et al.Synoptic characteristics of heavy rainfall events in pre-monsoon season in South China[J].Adv Atmos Sci,2010,27(2):315-327.
[19]吴丽姬,温之平,贺海晏,等.华南前汛期持续性暴雨的分布特征及分型[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2007,46(6):108-113.
[20]官春云.现代作物栽培学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011.
[21]宁金花,霍治国,龙志长,等.淹涝胁迫条件对水稻形态的试验研究初报[J].中国农学通报,2013,335(27):24-29.
[22]周建林,周广洽,陈良碧.洪涝对水稻的危害及其抗灾减灾的栽培措施[J].自然灾害学报,2001,10(1):103-106.
[23]姬静华,霍治国,唐力生,等.早稻灌浆期淹水对剑叶理化特性及产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(2):181-192.
[24]向镜,陈惠哲,张玉屏,等.淹涝条件下水温对水稻幼苗形态和生理的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(5):525-532.