自供电的压电振动能与温差热电能融合采集电路设计
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摘要
环境能量俘获中压电振动能和温差热电能的俘获电路设计已成为近几年研究的热点之一。但由于存在压电换能器和热电换能器输出的能量分别是交、直流形式而难以同时俘获,且热电换能器的开路电压通常要低于三极管的阈值电压而需要借助外部电源供电等问题,本文提出了一种自供电的混合式同步电荷提取HSP-SECE(Hybrid Self-Powered Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction)电路。所提出的HSP-SECE电路,通过压电电压峰值的检测,在其达到峰值时进行压电振动能和温差热电能的同步提取,实现两种能量的融合采集。仿真和实验测试表明,所提出的电路可以有效实现温差热电能和压电振动能的同步采集,与现有的电路相比,在俘获效率、自供电和负载相关性等方面,具有较为明显的优势和特色。
Circuit design for harvesting piezoelectric energy and thermal energy existed in ambient energy harvesting has become one of the hot topics in recent years. However,since there are some issues such as energy types output from piezoelectric transducer( PZT) and thermoelectric generator( TEG) are in AC and DC,respectively,two different types of energy are hard to be simultaneously harvested and the open circuit voltage of the TEG normally is lower than the threshold voltage of the triode so that external power supply is required. In this paper,a hybrid self-powered synchronous electric charge extraction( HSP-SECE) circuit is presented. The proposed HSP-SECE circuit can simultaneously harvest energy from the PZT and TEG when the peak voltage of the PZT is detected through the passive peak detection circuit. Simulations and experiment tests show that HSP-SECE circuit can effectively harvest both piezoelectric energy and thermoelectric energy. Compared with the existing circuits,the proposed circuit has more advantages and characteristics in terms of harvesting efficiency,self-power,load correlation,etc.
Circuit design for harvesting piezoelectric energy and thermal energy existed in ambient energy harvesting has become one of the hot topics in recent years. However,since there are some issues such as energy types output from piezoelectric transducer( PZT) and thermoelectric generator( TEG) are in AC and DC,respectively,two different types of energy are hard to be simultaneously harvested and the open circuit voltage of the TEG normally is lower than the threshold voltage of the triode so that external power supply is required. In this paper,a hybrid self-powered synchronous electric charge extraction( HSP-SECE) circuit is presented. The proposed HSP-SECE circuit can simultaneously harvest energy from the PZT and TEG when the peak voltage of the PZT is detected through the passive peak detection circuit. Simulations and experiment tests show that HSP-SECE circuit can effectively harvest both piezoelectric energy and thermoelectric energy. Compared with the existing circuits,the proposed circuit has more advantages and characteristics in terms of harvesting efficiency,self-power,load correlation,etc.
引文
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[24] 朱莉娅,陈仁文.无源压电振动发电机接口电路的改进[J].光学精密工程,2011,19(6):1327-1333.
[2] Raghunathan V,Ganeriwal S,Srivastava M.Emerging Techniques for Long Lived Wireless Sensor Networks[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2006,44(4):108-114.
[3] Rao Y,Arnold D P.An Input-Powered Active AC/DC Converter with Zero Standby Power for Energy Harvesting Applications[C]//IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition,2010:4441-4446.
[4] Sanchez D A,Leicht J,Hagedorn F,et al.A Parallel-SSHI Rectifier for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting of Periodic and Shock Excitations[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2016,51(12):2867-2879.
[5] Lefeuvre E,Badel A,Richard C,et al.High-Performance Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Reclamation[C]//Smart Structures and Materials 2004:Smart Structures and Integrated Systems.International Society for Optics and Photonics,2004,5390:379-388.
[6] Lefeuvre E,Badel A,Richard C,et al.Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Device Optimization by Synchronous Charge Extraction[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures,2005,16(10):865-876.
[7] Lefeuvre E,Badel A,Richard C,et al.A Comparison Between Several Vibration-Powered Piezoelectric Generators for Standalone Systems[J].Sensors & Actuators A Physical,2006,126(2):405-416.
[8] Qiu J,Jiang H,Ji H,et al.Comparison Between Four Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Circuits[J].Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering in China,2009,4(2):153-159.
[9] Liang J,Liao W.Improved Design and Analysis of Self-Powered Synchronized Switch Interface Circuit for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(4):1950-1960.
[10] Shi G,Xia Y,Ye Y,et al.An Efficient Self-Powered Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction Interface Circuit for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Systems[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures,2016,27(16):2160-2178.
[11] 杨帅举.应用于温差发电机的DC-DC升压转换器[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[12] Spies P,Pollak M,Rohmer G.Energy Harvesting for Mobile Communication Devices[C]//INTELEC 07—29th International Telecommunications Energy Conference.IEEE,2007:481-488.
[13] Richelli A,Comensoli S,Kovacs-Vajna Z M.A DC/DC Boosting Technique and Power Management for Ultralow-Voltage Energy Harvesting Applications[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(6):2701-2708.
[14] Liu Q,Wu X,Zhao M,et al.30 mV～300 mV Input,Ultra-Low Power,Self-Startup DC-DC Boost Converter for Energy Harvesting System[C]//2012 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems.IEEE,2012:432-435.
[15] Yi-Chun Shih,Brian P.Otis.An Inductorless DC-DC Converter for Energy Harvesting with a 1.2-μW Bandgap-Referenced Output Controller[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs,2011,58(12):832-836.
[16] Yuk Y S,Jung S,Gwon H D,et al.23.5 An Energy Pile-Up Resonance Circuit Extracting Maximum 422% Energy from Piezoelectric Material in a Dual-Source Energy-Harvesting Interface[C]//2014 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference Digest of Technical Papers(ISSCC).IEEE,2014:402-403.
[17] Lorenz C H P,Hemour S,Liu W,et al.Hybrid Power Harvesting for Increased Power Conversion Efficiency[J].IEEE Microwave & Wireless Components Letters,2015,25(10):687-689.
[18] Hsieh Y T,Fang C L,Su C F,et al.A Hybrid Ambient Energy Harvesting Integrated Chip(IC)for the Internet of Things(IoT)and Portable Applications[C]//2016 19th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems(ICEMS).IEEE,2016:1-4.
[19] Yoon K S,Hong S W,Cho G H.Double Pile-Up Resonance Energy Harvesting Circuit for Piezoelectric and Thermoelectric Materials[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2018,53(4):1049-1060.
[20] Ottman G K,Hofmann H F,Bhatt A C,et al.Adaptive Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Circuit for Wireless Remote Power Supply[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2002,17(5):669-676.
[21] Shim M,Kim J,Jeong J,et al.Self-Powered 30 μW to 10 mW Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting System with 9.09 ms/V Maximum Power Point Tracking Time[J].IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2015,50(10):2367-2379.
[22] DiSalvo F J.Thermoelectric Cooling and Power Generation[J].Science,1999,285(5428):703-706.
[23] Formosa F,Agbossou A E,Wu Y,et al.Piezoelectric Vibration Energy Harvesting by Optimized Synchronous Electric Charge Extraction[J].Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures,2013,24(12):1445-1458.
[24] 朱莉娅,陈仁文.无源压电振动发电机接口电路的改进[J].光学精密工程,2011,19(6):1327-1333.