两河口水电站母线洞开挖过程围岩破坏机制
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摘要
为研究两河口水电站5#、6#母线洞开挖过程中围岩破坏机制,构建高精度微震监测系统,通过实时监测微震聚集情况并分析聚集区微震信号,圈定地下厂房开挖卸荷过程危险区域;依据前期勘探资料及现场开挖进度,借助UDEC离散元程序,揭示母线洞开挖后变形分布区域及破坏机制。研究结果表明:(1)微震活动和地下厂房开挖密切相关,5#、6#母线洞开挖引起微震事件聚集和锚杆应力计读数增加,开挖形成的临空面容易失稳。(2)围岩破裂发生前,微震信号高频成分先减少后增多。(3)开挖后的母线洞顶拱及主变室上游边墙位移明显,且呈现拉张破坏现象。研究结果可为两河口水电站地下厂房后期开挖支护提供重要参考依据。
A high-precision microseismic(MS) monitoring system was installed to evaluate the stability of the #5, #6 bus-bar tunnels at Lianghekou hydropower station during excavation. The dangerous areas of underground powerhouse during excavation were delineated through real-time monitoring of MS accumulation and analyzing frequency of microseismic signal in gathering area. Based on previous exploration data and site excavation progress, and with the aid of UDEC discrete element program, the deformation distribution and failure mechanism of bus-bar tunnels after excavation were revealed. The MS activities were closely related to excavation of underground powerhouse. The excavation of #5, #6 bus-bar tunnels resulted in the accumulation of MS events and the increasing of stress gauge reading. The free surfaces formed by excavation were prone to instability. The high frequency components of MS signal decreased at first and then increased before surrounding rock fractured. Displacements at the top arch of bus-bar and the upstream side wall of main transformer chamber were remarkable and presented tensile failure after excavation. The research results provide important references for excavation and reinforcement of underground powerhouse at Lianghekou hydropower station.
A high-precision microseismic(MS) monitoring system was installed to evaluate the stability of the #5, #6 bus-bar tunnels at Lianghekou hydropower station during excavation. The dangerous areas of underground powerhouse during excavation were delineated through real-time monitoring of MS accumulation and analyzing frequency of microseismic signal in gathering area. Based on previous exploration data and site excavation progress, and with the aid of UDEC discrete element program, the deformation distribution and failure mechanism of bus-bar tunnels after excavation were revealed. The MS activities were closely related to excavation of underground powerhouse. The excavation of #5, #6 bus-bar tunnels resulted in the accumulation of MS events and the increasing of stress gauge reading. The free surfaces formed by excavation were prone to instability. The high frequency components of MS signal decreased at first and then increased before surrounding rock fractured. Displacements at the top arch of bus-bar and the upstream side wall of main transformer chamber were remarkable and presented tensile failure after excavation. The research results provide important references for excavation and reinforcement of underground powerhouse at Lianghekou hydropower station.
引文
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[2]李彪,戴峰,徐奴文,等.深埋地下厂房微震监测系统及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(增刊1):3375-3383.LI Biao,DAI Feng,XU Nu-wen,et a1.Microseismic monitoring system and its engineering applications of deep-buried underground powerhouse[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(Supp.1):3375-3383.
[3]XU N W,TANG C A,LI L C,et al.Microseismic monitoring and stability analysis of the left bank slope in Jinping first stage hydropower station in southwestern China[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(6):950-963.
[4]马克,唐春安,李连崇,等.基于微震监测与数值模拟的大岗山右岸边坡抗剪洞加固效果分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(6):1239-1247.MA Ke,TANG Chun-an,LI Lian-chong,et al.Reinforcement effects of anti-shear gallery of Dagangshan right bank slope based on microseismic monitoring and numerical simulations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(6):1239-1247.
[5]唐礼忠,潘长良,杨承祥,等.冬瓜山铜矿微震监测系统及其应用研究[J].金属矿山,2006,(10):41-44.TANG Li-zhong,PAN Chang-liang,YANG Cheng-xiang,et al.Establishment and application of microseismicity monitoring system in Dongguashan copper mine[J].Metal Mine,2006,(10):41-44.
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[7]张伯虎,邓建辉,高明忠,等.基于微震监测的水电站地下厂房安全性评价研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(5):937-944.ZHANG Bo-hu,DENG Jian-hui,GAO Ming-zhong,et al.Safety evaluation research based on microseismic monitoring in underground powerhouse of hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(5):937-944.
[8]戴峰,李彪,徐奴文,等.白鹤滩水电站地下厂房开挖过程微震特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(4):692-703.DAI Feng,LI Biao,XU Nu-wen,et al.Microseismic characteristic analysis of underground powerhouse at Baihetan hydropower station subjected to excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(4):692-703.
[9]赵周能,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,等.深埋隧洞微震活动区与岩爆的相关性研究[J].岩土力学,2013,34(2):491-497.ZHAO Zhou-neng,FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui,et al.Study of relativity between rockburst and microseismic activity zone in deep tunnel[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(2):491-497.
[10]于群,唐春安,李连崇,等.基于微震监测的锦屏二级水电站深埋隧洞岩爆孕育过程分析[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(12):2315-2322.YU Qun,TANG Chun-an,LI Lian-chong,et al.Nucleation process of rockbursts based on microseismic monitoring of deep-buried tunnels for JinpingⅡhydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(12):2315-2322.
[11]张银平.岩体声发射与微震监测定位技术及其应用[J].工程爆破,2002,8(1):58-61.ZHANG Yin-ping.Rock-mass acoustic emission and micro-seismic monitoring and localizing technology and its application[J].Engineering Blasting,2002,8(1):58-61.
[12]张楚旋,李夕兵,董陇军,等.顶板冒落前后微震活动性参数分析及预警[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增刊1):3214-3221.ZHANG Chu-xuan,LI Xi-bing,DONG Long-jun,et al.Analysis of microseismic activity parameters pre-and post roof caving and early warning[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.1):3214-3221.
[13]刘建坡,石长岩,李元辉,等.红透山铜矿微震监测系统的建立及应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(1):72-77.LIU Jian-po,SHI Chang-yan,LI Yuan-hui,et al.Studies on establishment and application of microseismic monitoring system in Hongtoushan copper mine[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(1):72-77.
[14]何满潮,赵菲,张昱,等.瞬时应变型岩爆模拟试验中花岗岩主频特征演化规律分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(1):1-8.HE Man-chao,ZHAO Fei,ZHANG Yu,et al.Feature evolution of dominant frequency components in acoustic emissions of instantaneous strain-type granitic rockburst simulation tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(1):1-8.
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[16]LU C P,DOU L M,LIU H,et al.Case study on microseismic effect of coal and gas outburst process[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,53:101-110.
[17]徐奴文,李韬,戴峰,等.基于离散元模拟和微震监测的地下厂房围岩稳定性研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2016,48(5):1-8.XU Nu-wen,LI Tao,DAI Feng,et al.Stability analysis on surrounding rock mass in underground caverns based on discrete element simulation and microseismic monitoring[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2016,48(5):1-8.
[18]杨为民,李术才,陈卫忠,等.琅琊山抽水蓄能电站地下厂房洞室开挖与支护数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(增刊2):4966-4970.YANG Wei-min,LI Shu-cai,CHEN Wei-zhong,et al.Numerical simulation of excavation and support for underground power-house of Langyashan pumped-storage power station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(Supp.2):4966-4970.
[19]于崇,李国文,夏祥,等.基于离散单元法的节理岩体支护分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(增刊2):3245-3257.YU Chong,LI Guo-wen,XIA Xiang,et al.Supporting analysis of jointed rock based on discrete element method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(Supp.2):3245-3257.
[20]胡中华,徐奴文,戴峰,等.乌东德水电站地下厂房层状节理岩体变形机理研究[J].工程科学与技术,2017,49(增刊1):103-111.HU Zhong-hua,XU Nu-wen,DAI Feng,et al.Deformation mechanism analysis of layered and jointed rock masses at right bank underground powerhouse of Wudongde hydropower station[J].Advanced Engineering Sciences,2017,49(Supp.1):103-111.
[21]李昂,戴峰,徐奴文,等.乌东德水电站右岸地下厂房开挖围岩破坏模式及形成机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(4):781-793.LI Ang,DAI Feng,XU Nu-wen,et al.Failure mode and its formation mechanism of surrounding rock mass of right bank underground powerhouse at Wudongde hydropower station subjected to excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(4):781-793.
[22]耿养谋,王忠武.煤矿应力异常集中区强矿压防治研究[J].金属矿山,2012,41(6):33-36.GENG Yang-mou,WANG Zhong-wu.Strong rock pressure prevention of abnormal stress concentration region in coal mine[J].Metal Mine,2012,41(6):33-36.
[23]徐奴文,戴峰,李彪,等.猴子岩水电站地下厂房开挖过程微震特征与稳定性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(增刊1):3175-3186.XU Nu-wen,DAI Feng,LI Biao,et al.Microseismicity and stability evaluation of the underground powerhouse at Houziyan hydropower station subjected to excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(Supp.1):3175-3186.
[24]STOCKWELL R G,MANSINHA L,LOWE R P.Localization of the complex spectrum:the S transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,1996,44(4):998-1001.
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