国产海底地震仪的时间记录与原始数据精细校正
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摘要
海底地震仪(OBS)的时间记录对数据处理是至关重要的.实践发现,部分国产便携式OBS的数据记录存在较大的内部时间误差,并且实测地震剖面异常的同相轴"断阶"、"倾斜"现象时有发生.我们通过自激自收试验,对这些异常现象进行了验证,确认其来源于OBS数据文件内部时间漂移,以及数据处理程序存在的缺陷.统计表明,A、B型OBS内部时间漂移量在250Hz的预设采样率下为0～40ms,L、S型OBS在100Hz下为0～90ms.这个量级的时间漂移,会对OBS数据处理、计算模拟产生影响.进一步,我们采用计算实际采样间隔、调整采样间隔、数据重采样的方法,对这种误差进行校正,并且改进了相关的OBS数据处理程序.本文的研究加深了对OBS数据时间记录误差的认识,得到了OBS数据文件内部时间漂移的分布规律,使得中等及较大程度的内部时间漂移的精细校正得到重视,进而完善了OBS数据处理步骤和流程,对OBS数据的有效利用进行了重要补充,为国产OBS的广泛使用、仪器研发提供了重要参考.
Time record of the Ocean Bottom Seismometer(OBS)is crucial for data processing.Larger internal time drift errors were discovered in some Chinese portable OBSs,which result in"stair"or"incline"events on observed seismic record sections.We designed zero-offset experiments to verify these abnormal phenomena,confirming that they are caused by internal time drift of data files as well as some bugs existing in data processing programs.According to the statistics,internal file time drift of A or B-type OBS at the preset sampling rate of 250 Hz is between 0 and40 ms,while this drift of L or S-type at 100 Hz is between 0 and 90 ms,which can affect OBSdata processing and structural simulation.We corrected this time error by means of actual sampling interval calculation,sampling interval adjustment and data re-sampling.Some modifications were also made to relevant OBS data processing programs.Our research promotes the awareness of time records of OBS data,acquires the regularity of internal file time drift variation,and highlights the accurate correction of the intermediate and larger extent of this time error.Our work improves the OBS data processing steps and flow chart,makes a significant supplement for effective utilization of OBS data,and provides an important reference for extensive use and development of domestic OBSs.
Time record of the Ocean Bottom Seismometer(OBS)is crucial for data processing.Larger internal time drift errors were discovered in some Chinese portable OBSs,which result in"stair"or"incline"events on observed seismic record sections.We designed zero-offset experiments to verify these abnormal phenomena,confirming that they are caused by internal time drift of data files as well as some bugs existing in data processing programs.According to the statistics,internal file time drift of A or B-type OBS at the preset sampling rate of 250 Hz is between 0 and40 ms,while this drift of L or S-type at 100 Hz is between 0 and 90 ms,which can affect OBSdata processing and structural simulation.We corrected this time error by means of actual sampling interval calculation,sampling interval adjustment and data re-sampling.Some modifications were also made to relevant OBS data processing programs.Our research promotes the awareness of time records of OBS data,acquires the regularity of internal file time drift variation,and highlights the accurate correction of the intermediate and larger extent of this time error.Our work improves the OBS data processing steps and flow chart,makes a significant supplement for effective utilization of OBS data,and provides an important reference for extensive use and development of domestic OBSs.
引文
Barry K M,Cavers D A,Kneale C W.1975.Recommended standards for digital tape formats.Geophysics,40(2):344-352.
Guo X R,Zhao M H,Huang H B,et al.2016.Crustal structure of Xisha block and its tectonic attributes.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(4):1414-1425,doi:10.6038/cjg20160422.
Hao T Y,You Q Y.2011.Progress of homemade OBS and its application on ocean bottom structure survey.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(12):3352-3361,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.033.
LüZ Y,Qiu X L,Ye C M,et al.2017.Data processing and phase identification of onshore-offshore 3D seismic exploration in Zhujiangkou area.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),36(3):80-85,doi:10.11978/2016076.
Liu C G,Hua Q F,Pei Y L,et al.2014.Passive-source Ocean Bottom Seismograph(OBS)array experiment in South China Sea and data quality analyses.Chinese Science Bulletin,59(33):4524-4535,doi:10.1007/s11434-014-0369-4.
Liu L H,LüC C,Hao T Y,et al.2012.Data processing methods of OBS and its development tendency in detection of offshore oil and gas resources.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(6):2673-2684,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.047.
Liu S Q,Zhao M H,Zhang J Z,et al.2017.OBS seismic data processing of the Manila Trench subduction zone(21°N)and some preliminary results.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),36(2):60-69,doi:10.11978/2016058.
Niu X W,Ruan A G,Wu Z L,et al.2014.Progress on practical skills of Ocean Bottom Seismometer(OBS)experiment.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(3):1418-1425,doi:10.6038/pg20140358.
Qiu X L,Zhao M H,Xu H L,et al.2012.Important processes of deep seismic surveys in the South China Sea:Retrospection and expectation.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),31(3):1-9,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.03.001.
Ruan A G,Li J B,Chen Y S,et al.2010.The experiment of broad band I-4C type OBS in the Southwest India ridge.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(4):1015-1018,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.04.026.
Ruan A G,Li J B,Lee C S,et al.2012.Passive seismic experiment and ScS wave splitting in the southwestern subbasin of South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,57(25):3381-3390,doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5132-0.
Ruan A G,Wei X D,Niu X W,et al.2016.Crustal structure and fracture zone in the Central Basin of the South China Sea from wide angle seismic experiments using OBS.Tectonophysics,688:1-10.
Wang Q,Qiu X L,Zhao M H,et al.2016.Analysis and processing on abnormal OBS data in the South China Sea.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(3):1102-1112,doi:10.6038/cjg20160330.
Wang Y L,Yan P,Zheng H B,et al.2007.Timing and positioning corrections of ocean bottom seismograph data.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),26(5):40-46.
William C T,Joseph E T.1991.SAC-Seismic Analysis Code Users Manual.Livermore,CA:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,1-153.
Xia S H,Ao W,Zhao M H,et al.2011.Corrections and analysis of wide angle seismic data from the sea.Marine Science Bulletin(in Chinese),30(5):487-491.
Xue B,Ruan A G,Li X Y,et al.2008.The Seismic data corrections of short period auto-floating ocean bottom seismometer.Journal of Marine Sciences(in Chinese),26(2):98-102.
Zhang G X,Xu H N,Liu X W,et al.2014.The acoustic velocity
characteristics of sediment with gas hydrate revealed by integrated exploration of 3Dseismic and OBS data in Shenhu area.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(4):1169-1176,doi:10.6038/cjg20140414.
Zhang J Z,Qiu X L,Zhao M H,et al.2018.Abnormal data retrieval of three-dimensional OBS survey at the Bashi Channel Area of the South China Sea.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),61(4):1529-1538,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0268.
Zhao M H,Qiu X L,Xia K Y,et al.2004.Onshore-offshore seismic data processing and preliminary results in NE South China Sea.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),23(1):58-63.
郭晓然,赵明辉,黄海波等.2016.西沙地块地壳结构及其构造属性.地球物理学报,59(4):1414-1425,doi:10.6038/cjg20160422.
郝天珧,游庆瑜.2011.国产海底地震仪研制现状及其在海底结构探测中的应用.地球物理学报,54(12):3352-3361,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.033.
刘晨光,华清峰,裴彦良等.2014.南海海底天然地震台阵观测实验及其数据质量分析.科学通报,59(16):1542-1552.
刘丽华,吕川川,郝天珧等.2012.海底地震仪数据处理方法及其在海洋油气资源探测中的发展趋势.地球物理学进展,27(6):2673-2684,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.047.
刘思青,赵明辉,张佳政等.2017.马尼拉海沟俯冲带前缘(21°N)海底地震仪数据处理初步成果.热带海洋学报,36(2):60-69,doi:10.11978/2016058.
吕作勇,丘学林,叶春明等.2017.珠江口区域海陆联合三维地震构造探测的数据处理与震相识别.热带海洋学报,36(3):80-85,doi:10.11978/2016076.
牛雄伟,阮爱国,吴振利等.2014.海底地震仪实用技术探讨.地球物理学进展,29(03):1418-1425,doi:10.6038/pg20140358.
丘学林,赵明辉,徐辉龙等.2012.南海深地震探测的重要科学进程:回顾和展望.热带海洋学报,31(3):1-9,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.03.001.
阮爱国,李家彪,陈永顺等.2010.国产I-4C型OBS在西南印度洋中脊的试验.地球物理学报,53(4):1015-1018,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.04.026.
阮爱国,李家彪,李昭兴等.2012.南海西南次海盆海底地震仪天然地震观测及ScS波分裂.科学通报,57(13):1147-1156.
王强,丘学林,赵明辉等.2016.南海海底地震仪异常数据的分析和处理.地球物理学报,59(3):1102-1112,doi:10.6038/cjg20160330.
王彦林,阎贫,郑红波等.2007.OBS记录的时间和定位误差校正.热带海洋学报,26(5):40-46.
夏少红,敖威,赵明辉等.2011.海洋广角地震数据校正方法探讨.海洋通报,30(5):487-491.
薛彬,阮爱国,李湘云等.2008.SEDIS IV型短周期自浮式海底地震仪数据校正方法.海洋学研究,26(2):98-102.
张光学,徐华宁,刘学伟等.2014.三维地震与OBS联合勘探揭示的神狐海域含水合物地层声波速度特征.地球物理学报,57(4):1169-1176,doi:10.6038/cjg20140414.
张佳政,丘学林,赵明辉等.2018.南海巴士海峡三维OBS探测的异常数据恢复.地球物理学报,61(4):1529-1538,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0268.
赵明辉,丘学林,夏戡原等.2004.南海东北部海陆联测地震数据处理及初步结果.热带海洋学报,23(1):58-63.
Guo X R,Zhao M H,Huang H B,et al.2016.Crustal structure of Xisha block and its tectonic attributes.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(4):1414-1425,doi:10.6038/cjg20160422.
Hao T Y,You Q Y.2011.Progress of homemade OBS and its application on ocean bottom structure survey.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),54(12):3352-3361,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.033.
LüZ Y,Qiu X L,Ye C M,et al.2017.Data processing and phase identification of onshore-offshore 3D seismic exploration in Zhujiangkou area.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),36(3):80-85,doi:10.11978/2016076.
Liu C G,Hua Q F,Pei Y L,et al.2014.Passive-source Ocean Bottom Seismograph(OBS)array experiment in South China Sea and data quality analyses.Chinese Science Bulletin,59(33):4524-4535,doi:10.1007/s11434-014-0369-4.
Liu L H,LüC C,Hao T Y,et al.2012.Data processing methods of OBS and its development tendency in detection of offshore oil and gas resources.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),27(6):2673-2684,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.047.
Liu S Q,Zhao M H,Zhang J Z,et al.2017.OBS seismic data processing of the Manila Trench subduction zone(21°N)and some preliminary results.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),36(2):60-69,doi:10.11978/2016058.
Niu X W,Ruan A G,Wu Z L,et al.2014.Progress on practical skills of Ocean Bottom Seismometer(OBS)experiment.Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),29(3):1418-1425,doi:10.6038/pg20140358.
Qiu X L,Zhao M H,Xu H L,et al.2012.Important processes of deep seismic surveys in the South China Sea:Retrospection and expectation.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),31(3):1-9,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.03.001.
Ruan A G,Li J B,Chen Y S,et al.2010.The experiment of broad band I-4C type OBS in the Southwest India ridge.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(4):1015-1018,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.04.026.
Ruan A G,Li J B,Lee C S,et al.2012.Passive seismic experiment and ScS wave splitting in the southwestern subbasin of South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,57(25):3381-3390,doi:10.1007/s11434-012-5132-0.
Ruan A G,Wei X D,Niu X W,et al.2016.Crustal structure and fracture zone in the Central Basin of the South China Sea from wide angle seismic experiments using OBS.Tectonophysics,688:1-10.
Wang Q,Qiu X L,Zhao M H,et al.2016.Analysis and processing on abnormal OBS data in the South China Sea.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(3):1102-1112,doi:10.6038/cjg20160330.
Wang Y L,Yan P,Zheng H B,et al.2007.Timing and positioning corrections of ocean bottom seismograph data.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),26(5):40-46.
William C T,Joseph E T.1991.SAC-Seismic Analysis Code Users Manual.Livermore,CA:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,1-153.
Xia S H,Ao W,Zhao M H,et al.2011.Corrections and analysis of wide angle seismic data from the sea.Marine Science Bulletin(in Chinese),30(5):487-491.
Xue B,Ruan A G,Li X Y,et al.2008.The Seismic data corrections of short period auto-floating ocean bottom seismometer.Journal of Marine Sciences(in Chinese),26(2):98-102.
Zhang G X,Xu H N,Liu X W,et al.2014.The acoustic velocity
characteristics of sediment with gas hydrate revealed by integrated exploration of 3Dseismic and OBS data in Shenhu area.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(4):1169-1176,doi:10.6038/cjg20140414.
Zhang J Z,Qiu X L,Zhao M H,et al.2018.Abnormal data retrieval of three-dimensional OBS survey at the Bashi Channel Area of the South China Sea.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),61(4):1529-1538,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0268.
Zhao M H,Qiu X L,Xia K Y,et al.2004.Onshore-offshore seismic data processing and preliminary results in NE South China Sea.Journal of Tropical Oceanography(in Chinese),23(1):58-63.
郭晓然,赵明辉,黄海波等.2016.西沙地块地壳结构及其构造属性.地球物理学报,59(4):1414-1425,doi:10.6038/cjg20160422.
郝天珧,游庆瑜.2011.国产海底地震仪研制现状及其在海底结构探测中的应用.地球物理学报,54(12):3352-3361,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.12.033.
刘晨光,华清峰,裴彦良等.2014.南海海底天然地震台阵观测实验及其数据质量分析.科学通报,59(16):1542-1552.
刘丽华,吕川川,郝天珧等.2012.海底地震仪数据处理方法及其在海洋油气资源探测中的发展趋势.地球物理学进展,27(6):2673-2684,doi:10.6038/j.issn.1004-2903.2012.06.047.
刘思青,赵明辉,张佳政等.2017.马尼拉海沟俯冲带前缘(21°N)海底地震仪数据处理初步成果.热带海洋学报,36(2):60-69,doi:10.11978/2016058.
吕作勇,丘学林,叶春明等.2017.珠江口区域海陆联合三维地震构造探测的数据处理与震相识别.热带海洋学报,36(3):80-85,doi:10.11978/2016076.
牛雄伟,阮爱国,吴振利等.2014.海底地震仪实用技术探讨.地球物理学进展,29(03):1418-1425,doi:10.6038/pg20140358.
丘学林,赵明辉,徐辉龙等.2012.南海深地震探测的重要科学进程:回顾和展望.热带海洋学报,31(3):1-9,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-5470.2012.03.001.
阮爱国,李家彪,陈永顺等.2010.国产I-4C型OBS在西南印度洋中脊的试验.地球物理学报,53(4):1015-1018,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.04.026.
阮爱国,李家彪,李昭兴等.2012.南海西南次海盆海底地震仪天然地震观测及ScS波分裂.科学通报,57(13):1147-1156.
王强,丘学林,赵明辉等.2016.南海海底地震仪异常数据的分析和处理.地球物理学报,59(3):1102-1112,doi:10.6038/cjg20160330.
王彦林,阎贫,郑红波等.2007.OBS记录的时间和定位误差校正.热带海洋学报,26(5):40-46.
夏少红,敖威,赵明辉等.2011.海洋广角地震数据校正方法探讨.海洋通报,30(5):487-491.
薛彬,阮爱国,李湘云等.2008.SEDIS IV型短周期自浮式海底地震仪数据校正方法.海洋学研究,26(2):98-102.
张光学,徐华宁,刘学伟等.2014.三维地震与OBS联合勘探揭示的神狐海域含水合物地层声波速度特征.地球物理学报,57(4):1169-1176,doi:10.6038/cjg20140414.
张佳政,丘学林,赵明辉等.2018.南海巴士海峡三维OBS探测的异常数据恢复.地球物理学报,61(4):1529-1538,doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0268.
赵明辉,丘学林,夏戡原等.2004.南海东北部海陆联测地震数据处理及初步结果.热带海洋学报,23(1):58-63.