温度升高和降水减少对半干旱区春小麦生长发育及产量的协同影响
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摘要
为探索和验证未来气候变化对半干旱雨养区春小麦生产的影响,了解春小麦生长发育和产量对增温和降水减少协同响应的基本特征,采用开放式红外增温系统装置和水分控制观测场,设置不同温度[增温0℃(对照)、增温1.0℃、增温2.0℃]和水分梯度(正常降水、降水减少30%)模拟气候变化对半干旱区春小麦产量、生物量、穗部性状以及株高、叶面积、叶绿素和叶片净光合速率的影响。结果表明:温度升高和降水减少在春小麦的籽粒产量和生物产量上均表现出显著的协同作用。在不增温、增温1.0℃、增温2.0℃下降水减少30%处理比正常降水处理分别减产24.41%、12.93%和27.38%,生物量分别减少19.25%、10.31%和22.11%。因为籽粒产量的降幅略大于生物产量的降幅,所以导致经济系数降低。温度升高和降水减少抑制了春小麦穗的形成,在各增温条件下,穗长、穗重、总小穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重表现为降水减少30%处理低于正常降水处理,而无效小穗数和不孕率表现为降水减少30%处理高于正常降水处理。温度升高和降水减少的协同作用对春小麦叶片净光合速率有极显著影响,对叶面积和叶绿素含量有显著影响。二因子协同作用使春小麦叶片净光合速率降低,导致春小麦株高、叶面积、叶绿素含量和茎秆重降低。研究结果可为进一步开展气候变暖下春小麦的响应与适应研究和未来半干旱区春小麦的安全种植提供理论依据。
Infrared simulations were conducted in semi-arid Dingxi, Gansu, Northwest China to investigate the influence of climate changes that result in increased temperatures and reduced rainfalls on spring wheat production. Spring wheat was grown in one of the following six simulations formed in a factorial arrangement of three ambient temperature changes(+0 ℃, +1.0 ℃ and +2.0 ℃) and two rainfalls [normal(W0) and 30% below average(W30)]: 0-W0, 0-W30, 1-W0, 1-W30, 2-W0, and 2-W30. Wheat yield, biomass, panicle characteristics, plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, and net photosynthetic rate in each simulation were obtained. Decreased rainfall reduced wheat grain yield by 24.41%, 12.93%, and 27.38%, and wheat biological yield by 19.25%, 10.31%, and 22.11%, for+0 ℃, +1.0 ℃, and +2.0 ℃, respectively. The decreases suggested that the impact of climate warming was especially unfavorable for the economical return of wheat production. Wheat grown with decreased rainfall was lower in panicle length and weight, total spikelet number, number of grains per panicle, weight of grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight, and higher in sterile spikelet number and spikelet sterility rate. Wheat net photosynthetic rate, leaf area, and chlorophyll content were reduced as the ambient temperature was increased and rainfall decreased. Spring wheat growth and production were severely affected when the ambient temperature increased 1 ℃ to 2 ℃ and rainfall dropped 30% in semi-arid China, suggesting that it is important to develop adaptation cropping to climate changes.
Infrared simulations were conducted in semi-arid Dingxi, Gansu, Northwest China to investigate the influence of climate changes that result in increased temperatures and reduced rainfalls on spring wheat production. Spring wheat was grown in one of the following six simulations formed in a factorial arrangement of three ambient temperature changes(+0 ℃, +1.0 ℃ and +2.0 ℃) and two rainfalls [normal(W0) and 30% below average(W30)]: 0-W0, 0-W30, 1-W0, 1-W30, 2-W0, and 2-W30. Wheat yield, biomass, panicle characteristics, plant height, leaf area, chlorophyll, and net photosynthetic rate in each simulation were obtained. Decreased rainfall reduced wheat grain yield by 24.41%, 12.93%, and 27.38%, and wheat biological yield by 19.25%, 10.31%, and 22.11%, for+0 ℃, +1.0 ℃, and +2.0 ℃, respectively. The decreases suggested that the impact of climate warming was especially unfavorable for the economical return of wheat production. Wheat grown with decreased rainfall was lower in panicle length and weight, total spikelet number, number of grains per panicle, weight of grains per panicle, and 1000-grain weight, and higher in sterile spikelet number and spikelet sterility rate. Wheat net photosynthetic rate, leaf area, and chlorophyll content were reduced as the ambient temperature was increased and rainfall decreased. Spring wheat growth and production were severely affected when the ambient temperature increased 1 ℃ to 2 ℃ and rainfall dropped 30% in semi-arid China, suggesting that it is important to develop adaptation cropping to climate changes.
引文
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