英国奥运竞技复兴的制度成因及启示
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摘要
结合新制度经济学理论分析英国奥运竞技体育复兴的制度因素,演绎出对中国的启示,研究表明:英国奥运竞技复兴的制度成因在于有合理的奥运竞技组织制度设计、协同的奥运竞技生产制度体系、健全的制度实施机制。适度的组织规模是提高奥运竞技生产效率的前提;转变奥运竞技粗放投入模式是提高后备人才培养效益的关键;完善的监督与反馈机制是奥运竞技制度运行效率的保障;高效的教育就业促进制度是吸引奥运后备人才的动力之源。
Based on new institutional economics theory,this present paper analyzed the systematic reasons for the recovery of British Olympic competitive sports,finding that the recovery can be attributed to: the rational design of Olympic competition organization system,coordinated Olympic competition production system,sound institutional implementation mechanism. Enlightenment derived from these include: appropriate organization scale is the premise to improve the efficiency of Olympic competition production; changing the extensive investment mode of Olympic competition is the key to improve the training benefit of reserve talents; perfect supervision and feedback mechanism is the guarantee for the efficiency of Olympic competition system; and efficient education-employment promotion system is a source of incentive to attract Olympic reserve talents.
Based on new institutional economics theory,this present paper analyzed the systematic reasons for the recovery of British Olympic competitive sports,finding that the recovery can be attributed to: the rational design of Olympic competition organization system,coordinated Olympic competition production system,sound institutional implementation mechanism. Enlightenment derived from these include: appropriate organization scale is the premise to improve the efficiency of Olympic competition production; changing the extensive investment mode of Olympic competition is the key to improve the training benefit of reserve talents; perfect supervision and feedback mechanism is the guarantee for the efficiency of Olympic competition system; and efficient education-employment promotion system is a source of incentive to attract Olympic reserve talents.
引文
[1]英国体育凭何叫板中国?举国体制全民健身功劳大[EB/OL].[2016-08-21]. http://2016. 163. com/16/0821/11/bv077ggf00050I18. html.
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[3]袁欢仔.论混合组织及其治理原则[J].华东经济管理,2008(1):41-43.
[4]陈慧敏.竞技体育服务产品生产制度研究[D].广州:中山大学,2010:82-83.
[5]程哲,刘帅.英国2016年里约奥运会投资计划分析[J].运动,2014(85):136-138.
[6] UK Sport. Investment Principles[EB/OL].[2016-09-01]. ht-tp://www. uksport. gov. uk/our-work/investing-in-sport/in-vestment-principles.
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[9]李秀媛.英国竞技体育政策决策研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2013.
[10]刘纯献,杨桦.中国竞技体育崛起的制度框架和思想基础的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2007,30(4):433-442.
[11]刘丽莎.英国竞技体育后备人才培养机制[J].体育科研,2016,37(3):14-18.
[12]唐丽,吴希林,刘云.英国竞技体育人才培养及启示[J].体育与科学,2014,35(5):80-84.
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[15]卢文云,陈宁,龚文平.英国高水平竞技体育人才培养的LTAD模式研究[J].体育与科学,2013,34(5):62-68.
[16] Uk sport. Our pathway:We have six steps in our pathway[EB/OL].[2016-11-22]. https://www. britishtriathlon. org/gb-teams/talent/athlete development framework/our-pathway.
[17]柳新元.制度安排的实施机制与制度安排的绩效[J].经济评论,2002(4):48-50.
[18]程哲,刘帅.英国2016年里约奥运会投资计划分析[J].运动,2014(5):136-138.
[19]甄光皓,陈欢.英国彩票业法案和类型以及监管发展现状调查[EB/OL].[2013-10-09]. http://sports. sina. com. cn/l/11106821289. html.
[20]陈洪,梁斌,马瑛.英国社会体育管理模式及其启示[J].体育文化导刊,2014(2):27-30.
[21]汤晓波.当代英国体育发展模式的转变—基于政府与民间组织合作的视角[J].体育学刊,2013,20(3):55-60.
[22]侯海波.英格兰足球后备人才培养计划[J].足球理论与实践,2005(2):7-9.
[23]樊伟.英国竞技体育管理给予我们的启示[J].体育与科学,2013,34(1):112-114.
[24]王国军,蔡凌飞.体育保险的国际比较及其对中国的启示[J].中国体育科技,2012,48(1):131-135; 140.
[2]体育大国向体育强国迈进的理论与实践研究课题组.体育强国战略研究[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2010:153-158.
[3]袁欢仔.论混合组织及其治理原则[J].华东经济管理,2008(1):41-43.
[4]陈慧敏.竞技体育服务产品生产制度研究[D].广州:中山大学,2010:82-83.
[5]程哲,刘帅.英国2016年里约奥运会投资计划分析[J].运动,2014(85):136-138.
[6] UK Sport. Investment Principles[EB/OL].[2016-09-01]. ht-tp://www. uksport. gov. uk/our-work/investing-in-sport/in-vestment-principles.
[7] UK Sport. How uk sport funding works[EB/OL].[2016-10-10]. http://www. uksport. gov. uk/our-work/investing-in-sport/how-uk-sport-funding-works.
[8]朱君玉.退役之后,何去何从?[EB/OL].[2015-12-21].http://news. hexun. com/181301434. html.
[9]李秀媛.英国竞技体育政策决策研究[D].北京:北京体育大学,2013.
[10]刘纯献,杨桦.中国竞技体育崛起的制度框架和思想基础的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2007,30(4):433-442.
[11]刘丽莎.英国竞技体育后备人才培养机制[J].体育科研,2016,37(3):14-18.
[12]唐丽,吴希林,刘云.英国竞技体育人才培养及启示[J].体育与科学,2014,35(5):80-84.
[13] Uk sport. Our investments[EB/OL].[2016-12-15]. http://www. uksport. gov. uk/our-work/investing-in-events/our-investments.
[14]浦义俊,吴贻刚.英国竞技体育发展方式的历史转型及其启示—基于政府职能转变视角[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2016,35(1):13-20.
[15]卢文云,陈宁,龚文平.英国高水平竞技体育人才培养的LTAD模式研究[J].体育与科学,2013,34(5):62-68.
[16] Uk sport. Our pathway:We have six steps in our pathway[EB/OL].[2016-11-22]. https://www. britishtriathlon. org/gb-teams/talent/athlete development framework/our-pathway.
[17]柳新元.制度安排的实施机制与制度安排的绩效[J].经济评论,2002(4):48-50.
[18]程哲,刘帅.英国2016年里约奥运会投资计划分析[J].运动,2014(5):136-138.
[19]甄光皓,陈欢.英国彩票业法案和类型以及监管发展现状调查[EB/OL].[2013-10-09]. http://sports. sina. com. cn/l/11106821289. html.
[20]陈洪,梁斌,马瑛.英国社会体育管理模式及其启示[J].体育文化导刊,2014(2):27-30.
[21]汤晓波.当代英国体育发展模式的转变—基于政府与民间组织合作的视角[J].体育学刊,2013,20(3):55-60.
[22]侯海波.英格兰足球后备人才培养计划[J].足球理论与实践,2005(2):7-9.
[23]樊伟.英国竞技体育管理给予我们的启示[J].体育与科学,2013,34(1):112-114.
[24]王国军,蔡凌飞.体育保险的国际比较及其对中国的启示[J].中国体育科技,2012,48(1):131-135; 140.