间作栽培对生姜产量及其根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌的影响
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摘要
为探究间作栽培模式缓解生姜连作障碍的可行性及作用机制,以生姜单作为对照,研究生姜间作玉米栽培模式对连作生姜根际土壤理化性质、AM真菌种群以及生姜产量的影响。结果表明:间作种植模式下生姜根际土壤水解性氮、全氮和有机质含量显著低于生姜单作,土壤p H高于生姜单作;间作栽培模式影响生姜根际土壤AM真菌的种群结构;在间作栽培模式的生姜根际土壤中分离得到12种类型的AM真菌孢子,而对照生姜的根际土壤中只有9种类型的AM真菌孢子。间作模式影响生姜产量,表现在姜块鲜重、株高、单株分枝数都高于单作生姜。因此,间作生姜明显能维持较稳定的产量,是一种有利于改善生姜连作栽培根际微生态环境、缓解连作障碍的栽培模式。
To explore feasibilities and mechanisms of different cropping systems alleviating obstacles to monocropping of ginger, a field experiment was carried out. Taking a plot of mono-cropping of ginger as CK, the effects of a plot of intercropping of ginger and corn on the physicochemical property of the rhizosphere soil in continuous cropping of ginger, AM fungi population and ginger yield were analyzed. The results showed that the hydrolytic nitrogen, total nitrogen and organic matter content in rhizosphere soil of intercropping pattern were significantly lower those in monocropping, while the soil p H of the former was higher than the latter. The population structure of AM fungi in rhizosphere soil was altered by intercropping pattern. In the rhizosphere soil of intercropping pattern, 12 kinds of AM fungi were separated, while in the CK, only 9 kinds of AM fungi were found. In addition,intercropping pattern influenced the yield of ginger, which was demonstrated as the fresh weight of ginger, plant height and the branch number of each plant in intercropping pattern were all higher than ginger in monocropping pattern. Therefore, the intercropping pattern of ginger could maintain stable yield of ginger, which was a cultivation pattern that could improve the rhizosphere microecological environment in continuous cropping of ginger and alleviate the obstacles in continuous cropping.
To explore feasibilities and mechanisms of different cropping systems alleviating obstacles to monocropping of ginger, a field experiment was carried out. Taking a plot of mono-cropping of ginger as CK, the effects of a plot of intercropping of ginger and corn on the physicochemical property of the rhizosphere soil in continuous cropping of ginger, AM fungi population and ginger yield were analyzed. The results showed that the hydrolytic nitrogen, total nitrogen and organic matter content in rhizosphere soil of intercropping pattern were significantly lower those in monocropping, while the soil p H of the former was higher than the latter. The population structure of AM fungi in rhizosphere soil was altered by intercropping pattern. In the rhizosphere soil of intercropping pattern, 12 kinds of AM fungi were separated, while in the CK, only 9 kinds of AM fungi were found. In addition,intercropping pattern influenced the yield of ginger, which was demonstrated as the fresh weight of ginger, plant height and the branch number of each plant in intercropping pattern were all higher than ginger in monocropping pattern. Therefore, the intercropping pattern of ginger could maintain stable yield of ginger, which was a cultivation pattern that could improve the rhizosphere microecological environment in continuous cropping of ginger and alleviate the obstacles in continuous cropping.
引文
Chen T.S.,Zhang J.L.,Li S.,Qin X.J.,Wand Q.,Wang C.Q.,Wu S.J.,Tan Y.M.,Yang R.Z.,and Li Y.R.,2012,Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sugarcane fields of Southeastern Guangxi,Nanfang Nongye Xuebao(Journal of Southern Agriculture),43(1):57-61(陈廷速,张金莲,李松,覃晓娟,汪茜,王灿琴,吴圣进,谭裕模,杨荣仲,李杨瑞,2012,广西东南沿海蔗区根际土壤AM真菌多样性研究,南方农业学报,43(1):57-61)
Guo Y.Y.,Wang X.F.,Zhu Y.H.,Zheng Y.Q.,and Xu K.,2004,Occurrence dynamics of ginger bark cracking disease infected by root-knot nematode and its identification of primary pathogen,Zhiwu Baohu(Plant Protection),30(1):61-62(郭衍银,王秀峰,朱艳红,郑永强,徐坤,2004,生姜癞皮病的发生危害及病原初步鉴定,植物保护,30(1):61-62)
Heijden M.G.A.,Klironomos J.N.,and Ursic M.,1998,Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity,ecosystem variability and productivity,Nature,396(6706):69-72
Jiang Z.T.,Liu L.D.,Zheng X.Q.,Li S.X.,Yuan D.W.,He Q.Y.,and Lv W.G.,2012,Effects of three relay intercropping patterns on watermelon growthand soil microflora in continuous cropping,Shanghai Nongye Xuebao(Acta Agriculturae Shanghai),28(1):60-64(姜忠廷,刘林德,郑宪清,李双喜,袁大伟,何七勇,吕卫光,2012,三种套作模式对连作西瓜生长和土壤微生物区系的影响,上海农业学报,28(1):60-64)
Li S.D.,Wang F.H.,Si J.S.,Kong L.A.,Liu J.J.,Feng B.,and Zhang B.,2009,Effect of different farming methods on soil microbial biomass and soil fertility,Shengtai Huanjing Xuebao(Ecology and Environmental Sciences),18(5):1961-1964(李升东,王法宏,司纪升,孔令安,刘建军,冯波,张宾,2009,耕作方式对土壤微生物和土壤肥力的影响,生态环境学报,18(5):1961-1964)
Liu R.J.,and Luo X.S.,1989,Influence of phosphorus and potassium fertilizalion in soil on the effectivenss of apple mycorrhizas,Laiyang Nongxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Laiyang Agricultural College),6(4):23-27(刘润进,罗新书,1989,土施磷钾肥对湖北海棠实生苗菌根效应的研究,莱阳农学院学报,6(4):23-27)
Song S.C.,Li M.,and Liu R.J.,2009,Effects of plant patterns and soil managements on crop replant diseases,Zhongguo Nongxue Tongbao(Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin),25(21):231-235(宋尚成,李敏,刘润进,2009,种植模式与土壤管理制度对作物连作障碍的影响,中国农学通报,25(21):231-235)
Tan J.N.,Ma W.F.,Xu D.L.,and Yan K.J.,2013,Content analysis ofα-pinene,eucalyptol and borneol in gingerfrom different habitats in Guangxi,Nanfang Nonge Xuebao(Journal of Southern Agriculture),44(4):662-666(谭建宁,马雯芳,徐东来,严克俭,2013,广西生姜α-蒎烯、桉油精和龙脑的含量分析,南方农业学报,44(4):662-666)
Wang C.M.,Ma K.,Dai X.H.,and Liang Y.,2013,Effect of intercropping on soil microflora in rhizosphere soil of potato under continuous cropping,Shengtai Yu Nongcun Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment),29(6):711-716(汪春明,马琨,代晓华,梁熠,2013,间作栽培对连作马铃薯根际土壤微生物区系的影响,生态与农村环境学报,29(6):711-716)
Wang Q.,Long Y.Y.,Li D.P.,Zhang J.L.,Song J.,Zhou S.M.,Che J.L.,and Chen T.S.,2015,Staining effects of five stains on arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi in ginger roots,Nanfang Nongye Xuebao(Journal of Southern Agriculture),46(8):1425-1429(汪茜,龙艳艳,李冬萍,张金莲,宋娟,周生茂,车江旅,陈廷速,2015,5种染色剂对生姜根系丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的染色效果比较,南方农业学报,46(8):1425-1429)
Wang Q.,Zhang J.L.,Long Y.Y.,Li D.P.,Chen T.S.,and Che J.L.,2016,Resources of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in ginger fields of Liujiang,Guangxi,Southwest China,Xinan Nongye Xuebao(Journal of Agricultural Sciences),29(1):115-119(汪茜,张金莲,龙艳艳,李冬萍,陈廷速,车江旅,2016,广西柳江生姜根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌资源研究,西南农业学报,29(1):115-119)
Wang W.H.,Li M.,Liu R.J.,and Li X.L.,2003,Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on some physiological index of Zingiber officinace Rosc.,Laiyang Nongxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Laiyang Agricultural College),20(3):175-177(王维华,李敏,刘润进,李晓林,2003,AM真菌对生姜某些生理指标的影响,莱阳农学院学报,20(3):175-177)
Zhang J.E.,Gao A.X.,Xu H.Q.,and Luo M.Z.,2009,Effects of maize/peanut intercropping on rhizosphere soil microbes and nutrient contents,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology),20(7):1597-1602(章家恩,高爱霞,徐华勤,罗明珠,2009,玉米/花生间作对土壤微生物和土壤养分状况的影响,应用生态学报,20(7):1597-1602)
Zhao M.,Li M.,Wang M.Y.,and Liu R.J.,2006,The potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiin controlling replant disease of crops,Shandong Kexue(Shandong Science),19(6):40-44(赵萌,李敏,王淼焱,刘润进,2006,AM真菌克服作物连作障碍的潜力,山东科学,19(6):40-44)
Zhou X.G.,Yu G.B.,and Wu F.Z.,2011,Effects of intercropping cucumber with onion or garlic on soil enzyme activities,microbial communities and cucumber yield,European Journal of Soil Biology,47(5):279-287
Guo Y.Y.,Wang X.F.,Zhu Y.H.,Zheng Y.Q.,and Xu K.,2004,Occurrence dynamics of ginger bark cracking disease infected by root-knot nematode and its identification of primary pathogen,Zhiwu Baohu(Plant Protection),30(1):61-62(郭衍银,王秀峰,朱艳红,郑永强,徐坤,2004,生姜癞皮病的发生危害及病原初步鉴定,植物保护,30(1):61-62)
Heijden M.G.A.,Klironomos J.N.,and Ursic M.,1998,Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity,ecosystem variability and productivity,Nature,396(6706):69-72
Jiang Z.T.,Liu L.D.,Zheng X.Q.,Li S.X.,Yuan D.W.,He Q.Y.,and Lv W.G.,2012,Effects of three relay intercropping patterns on watermelon growthand soil microflora in continuous cropping,Shanghai Nongye Xuebao(Acta Agriculturae Shanghai),28(1):60-64(姜忠廷,刘林德,郑宪清,李双喜,袁大伟,何七勇,吕卫光,2012,三种套作模式对连作西瓜生长和土壤微生物区系的影响,上海农业学报,28(1):60-64)
Li S.D.,Wang F.H.,Si J.S.,Kong L.A.,Liu J.J.,Feng B.,and Zhang B.,2009,Effect of different farming methods on soil microbial biomass and soil fertility,Shengtai Huanjing Xuebao(Ecology and Environmental Sciences),18(5):1961-1964(李升东,王法宏,司纪升,孔令安,刘建军,冯波,张宾,2009,耕作方式对土壤微生物和土壤肥力的影响,生态环境学报,18(5):1961-1964)
Liu R.J.,and Luo X.S.,1989,Influence of phosphorus and potassium fertilizalion in soil on the effectivenss of apple mycorrhizas,Laiyang Nongxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Laiyang Agricultural College),6(4):23-27(刘润进,罗新书,1989,土施磷钾肥对湖北海棠实生苗菌根效应的研究,莱阳农学院学报,6(4):23-27)
Song S.C.,Li M.,and Liu R.J.,2009,Effects of plant patterns and soil managements on crop replant diseases,Zhongguo Nongxue Tongbao(Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin),25(21):231-235(宋尚成,李敏,刘润进,2009,种植模式与土壤管理制度对作物连作障碍的影响,中国农学通报,25(21):231-235)
Tan J.N.,Ma W.F.,Xu D.L.,and Yan K.J.,2013,Content analysis ofα-pinene,eucalyptol and borneol in gingerfrom different habitats in Guangxi,Nanfang Nonge Xuebao(Journal of Southern Agriculture),44(4):662-666(谭建宁,马雯芳,徐东来,严克俭,2013,广西生姜α-蒎烯、桉油精和龙脑的含量分析,南方农业学报,44(4):662-666)
Wang C.M.,Ma K.,Dai X.H.,and Liang Y.,2013,Effect of intercropping on soil microflora in rhizosphere soil of potato under continuous cropping,Shengtai Yu Nongcun Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment),29(6):711-716(汪春明,马琨,代晓华,梁熠,2013,间作栽培对连作马铃薯根际土壤微生物区系的影响,生态与农村环境学报,29(6):711-716)
Wang Q.,Long Y.Y.,Li D.P.,Zhang J.L.,Song J.,Zhou S.M.,Che J.L.,and Chen T.S.,2015,Staining effects of five stains on arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi in ginger roots,Nanfang Nongye Xuebao(Journal of Southern Agriculture),46(8):1425-1429(汪茜,龙艳艳,李冬萍,张金莲,宋娟,周生茂,车江旅,陈廷速,2015,5种染色剂对生姜根系丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的染色效果比较,南方农业学报,46(8):1425-1429)
Wang Q.,Zhang J.L.,Long Y.Y.,Li D.P.,Chen T.S.,and Che J.L.,2016,Resources of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in ginger fields of Liujiang,Guangxi,Southwest China,Xinan Nongye Xuebao(Journal of Agricultural Sciences),29(1):115-119(汪茜,张金莲,龙艳艳,李冬萍,陈廷速,车江旅,2016,广西柳江生姜根际土壤丛枝菌根真菌资源研究,西南农业学报,29(1):115-119)
Wang W.H.,Li M.,Liu R.J.,and Li X.L.,2003,Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on some physiological index of Zingiber officinace Rosc.,Laiyang Nongxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Laiyang Agricultural College),20(3):175-177(王维华,李敏,刘润进,李晓林,2003,AM真菌对生姜某些生理指标的影响,莱阳农学院学报,20(3):175-177)
Zhang J.E.,Gao A.X.,Xu H.Q.,and Luo M.Z.,2009,Effects of maize/peanut intercropping on rhizosphere soil microbes and nutrient contents,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology),20(7):1597-1602(章家恩,高爱霞,徐华勤,罗明珠,2009,玉米/花生间作对土壤微生物和土壤养分状况的影响,应用生态学报,20(7):1597-1602)
Zhao M.,Li M.,Wang M.Y.,and Liu R.J.,2006,The potential of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungiin controlling replant disease of crops,Shandong Kexue(Shandong Science),19(6):40-44(赵萌,李敏,王淼焱,刘润进,2006,AM真菌克服作物连作障碍的潜力,山东科学,19(6):40-44)
Zhou X.G.,Yu G.B.,and Wu F.Z.,2011,Effects of intercropping cucumber with onion or garlic on soil enzyme activities,microbial communities and cucumber yield,European Journal of Soil Biology,47(5):279-287
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