中亚热带不同植被恢复阶段林地土壤磷库特征
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摘要
以湘中丘陵区檵木—南烛—杜鹃灌草丛(LVR)、檵木—杉木—白栎灌木林(LCQ)、马尾松—柯(又名石栎)—檵木针阔混交林(PLL)、柯—红淡比—青冈常绿阔叶林(LAG)4种林地为对象,采用Tiessen和Moir修正后的Hedley磷(P)分级方法,研究不同植被恢复阶段林地土壤P各分级组分含量及其组成比例。结果表明:随着植被恢复,同一土层全磷(TP)、总无机磷(Pi)、总有机磷(Po)含量增加,NaHCO_3-Pi、NaOH-Pi、HCl-Pi和NaHCO_3-Po、NaOH-Po属于快速积累型,Residual-P属于缓慢积累型,Resin-Pi属于稳定型;不同植被恢复阶段林地土壤Pi以NaOH-Pi为主,Po以NaOH-Po为主,土壤P以Residual-P和Po为主;随着植被恢复,同一土层Po含量占TP的百分比增加,Pi先增加后减少,而Residual-P逐渐下降;不同林地土壤TP及P各分级组分含量均随着土壤深度增加而降低;随着植被恢复,群落植物多样性、群落生物量和凋落物层养分含量及质量的变化显著影响着土壤P各分级组分的含量及其组成比例。
Four different vegetation communities,which represented the primary forest successional sequence in the central hilly area of Hunan Province,China,were chosen in this study.They were:Loropetalum chinense—Vaccinium bracteatum-Rhododendron mariesii scrub-grass-land(LVR),L.chinense-Cunninghamia lanceolata-Quercus fabri shrubbery(LCQ),Pinus massoniana-Lithocarpus glaber-L.chinense coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest(PLL)and L.glaber—Cleyera japonica-Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broad-leaved forest(LAG).The modified phosphorus fractionation method of Tiessen and Moir,which was put forward originally by Hedley,was used to study the differences in the concentrations and composition ratios of phosphorus components at different vegetation restoration stages.The result showed that with the restoration of vegetation,the concentrations of total phosphorus(TP),total inorganic phosphorus(Pi)and total organic phosphorus(Po)increased in the same soil layer.The concentrations of NaHCO_3-Pi,NaOH-Pi,HCl-Pi and NaHCO_3-Po and NaOH-Po belonged to rapid accumulation type,and Residual-P belonged to slow accumulation type,while Resin-Pi stable type.The NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po were the major components of the Pi and Po in different forest stands,respectively.The phosphorus pool was mainly composed of Residual-P and Po.With the vegetation restoration,the percentages of Po to TP increased gradually in the same soil layer,Pi increased first and then decreased,while Residual-P decreased gradually.The concentrations of TP and each P component decreased in the same forest stand with the increase of soil depth.With the restoration of vegetation,the changes of the diversity of community plant,community biomass,nutrients contents and quality of the litter layer significantly affected the contents of each P component in soil,and subsequently affected the composition ratios of soil phosphorus pool.
Four different vegetation communities,which represented the primary forest successional sequence in the central hilly area of Hunan Province,China,were chosen in this study.They were:Loropetalum chinense—Vaccinium bracteatum-Rhododendron mariesii scrub-grass-land(LVR),L.chinense-Cunninghamia lanceolata-Quercus fabri shrubbery(LCQ),Pinus massoniana-Lithocarpus glaber-L.chinense coniferous-broad leaved mixed forest(PLL)and L.glaber—Cleyera japonica-Cyclobalanopsis glauca evergreen broad-leaved forest(LAG).The modified phosphorus fractionation method of Tiessen and Moir,which was put forward originally by Hedley,was used to study the differences in the concentrations and composition ratios of phosphorus components at different vegetation restoration stages.The result showed that with the restoration of vegetation,the concentrations of total phosphorus(TP),total inorganic phosphorus(Pi)and total organic phosphorus(Po)increased in the same soil layer.The concentrations of NaHCO_3-Pi,NaOH-Pi,HCl-Pi and NaHCO_3-Po and NaOH-Po belonged to rapid accumulation type,and Residual-P belonged to slow accumulation type,while Resin-Pi stable type.The NaOH-Pi and NaOH-Po were the major components of the Pi and Po in different forest stands,respectively.The phosphorus pool was mainly composed of Residual-P and Po.With the vegetation restoration,the percentages of Po to TP increased gradually in the same soil layer,Pi increased first and then decreased,while Residual-P decreased gradually.The concentrations of TP and each P component decreased in the same forest stand with the increase of soil depth.With the restoration of vegetation,the changes of the diversity of community plant,community biomass,nutrients contents and quality of the litter layer significantly affected the contents of each P component in soil,and subsequently affected the composition ratios of soil phosphorus pool.
引文
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[13]王娜,朱小叶,方晰,等.中亚热带退化林地土壤有机碳及不同粒径土壤颗粒有机碳的变化[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):218-225,234.
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[16] Lajtha K,Sehlesinger W H.The biogeochemistry of phosphorus cycling and phosphorus availability along a desert soil chronosequence[J].Ecology,1988,69(1):24-39.
[17]秦胜金,刘景双,王国平,等.三江平原不同土地利用方式下土壤磷形态的变化[J].环境科学,2007,28(12):2777-2782.
[18] Joergensen K G.Microbial biomass phosphorus in soils of beech(Fagus sylvtica L.)forests[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1995,19(2/3):215-219.
[19] Cross A F,Schlesinger W H.A literature-review and evaluation of the Hedley fractionation-Applications to the biogeochemical cycles of soil-phosphorous in natural ecosystems[J].Geoderma,1995,64(3/4):197-214.
[20] Frizano J,Johnson A H,Vann D R,et al.Soil phosphorus fractionation during forest development on landslide scars in the Luquillo Mountains,Puerto Rico[J].Biotropica,2002,34(1):17-26.
[2]张福锁,崔振岭,王激清,等.中国土壤和植物养分管理现状与改进策略[J].植物学通报,2007,24(6):687-694.
[3] Lin C F,Larsen E I,Larsen G R,et al.Bacterially mediated iron cycling and associated biogeochemical processes in a subtropical shallow coastal aquifer:Implications for groundwater quality[J].Hydrobiologia,2012,696(1):63-76.
[4]詹书侠,陈伏生,胡小飞,等.中亚热带丘陵红壤区森林演替典型阶段土壤氮磷有效性[J].生态学报,2009,29(9):4673-4680.
[5] Vance C P.Symbiotic nitrogen fixation and phosphorus acquisition,plant nutrition in a world of declining renewable resources[J].Plant Physiology,2001,127(2):390-397.
[6] Wardle D.Aboveground and belowground consequences of long-term forest retrogression in the timeframe of millennia and beyond[C]∥Wirth C,Gleixner G,Heimann M(eds).Old-growth forests:Function,fate and value.Ecological Studies 207,Springer Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,2009:193-209.
[7] Huang W J,Liu J X,Wang Y P,et al.Increasing phosphorus limitation along three successional forests in southern China[J].Plant and Soil,2013,364(1/2):181-191.
[8] Zhang H Z,Shi L L,Wen D Z,et al.Soil potential labile but not occluded phosphorus forms increase with forest succession[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2016,52(1):41-51.
[9] Feng C,Ma Y,Fu S,et al.Soil carbon and nutrient dynamics is following cessation of anthropoggenic disturbances in degraded subtropical forests[J].Land Degradation&Development,2017,28:2457-2467.
[10] Zhang Y,Zhou Z C,Yang Q.Genetic variations in root morphology and phosphorus efficiency of Pinus massoniana under heterogeneous and homogeneous low phosphorus conditions[J].Plant and Soil,2013,364(1/2):93-104.
[11] Tiessen H,Stewart J W B,Moir J Q.Changes in organic and inorganic phosphorus composition of two grassland soils and their particle size fractions during60~90years of cultivation[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2010,34(4):815-823.
[12]辜翔,张仕吉,刘兆丹,等.中亚热带植被恢复对土壤有机碳含量、碳密度的影响[J].植物生态学报,2018,42(5):595-608.
[13]王娜,朱小叶,方晰,等.中亚热带退化林地土壤有机碳及不同粒径土壤颗粒有机碳的变化[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):218-225,234.
[14] Shenoy V V,Kalagudi G M.Enhancing plant phosphorus use efficiency for sustainable cropping[J].Biotechnology Advances,2005,23(7/8):501-503.
[15] Bowman R A,Cole C V.An exploratory method for fractionation of organic phosphorus from grassland soils[J].Soil Science,1978,125(2):49-54,95-101.
[16] Lajtha K,Sehlesinger W H.The biogeochemistry of phosphorus cycling and phosphorus availability along a desert soil chronosequence[J].Ecology,1988,69(1):24-39.
[17]秦胜金,刘景双,王国平,等.三江平原不同土地利用方式下土壤磷形态的变化[J].环境科学,2007,28(12):2777-2782.
[18] Joergensen K G.Microbial biomass phosphorus in soils of beech(Fagus sylvtica L.)forests[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,1995,19(2/3):215-219.
[19] Cross A F,Schlesinger W H.A literature-review and evaluation of the Hedley fractionation-Applications to the biogeochemical cycles of soil-phosphorous in natural ecosystems[J].Geoderma,1995,64(3/4):197-214.
[20] Frizano J,Johnson A H,Vann D R,et al.Soil phosphorus fractionation during forest development on landslide scars in the Luquillo Mountains,Puerto Rico[J].Biotropica,2002,34(1):17-26.