中国商业银行网点空间演化路径——基于上市与非上市银行的比较分析
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摘要
在中国银行业市场化改革的背景下,银行上市逐渐成为银行成长的必由之路。上市实现了银行资产规模的增大、管理水平的提升以及经营风险的降低,同时也影响到银行新增网点的空间布局战略。文章引入演化经济地理的研究方法,基于产业关联的思想提出地方产业的金融关联程度和区域间投资流向的金融关联程度两个变量,以此构建银行网点空间演化路径的解释框架。通过比较上市银行与非上市银行的回归结果,解释和发现二者的基层网点和分行空间演化路径的影响因素及差异。研究表明,上市行为显著地改变银行网点空间演化路径的作用机制。
Under the background that the market-oriented reform of China's banking industry, bank listing has gradually become the essential way to grow. The bank listing has realized the increase of bank assets, the improvement of management ability and the reduction of operational risks, which in turn affects the spatial evolution path of bank outlets.This paper creatively introduces the research method of evolutionary economic geography and proposes the interpretation framework of this paper based on the concept of industrial relationship which introduces two variables: the degree of financial relationship of local industry and the degree of financial relationship of inter-regional investment flows. By comparing the regression results of listed banks and unlisted banks, this article analyzes the influence factors and difference of their branches and sub-branches in spatial evolution path respectively. The research has found that the listed bank behavior significantly changed the mechanism of the spatial evolution path of bank outlets.
Under the background that the market-oriented reform of China's banking industry, bank listing has gradually become the essential way to grow. The bank listing has realized the increase of bank assets, the improvement of management ability and the reduction of operational risks, which in turn affects the spatial evolution path of bank outlets.This paper creatively introduces the research method of evolutionary economic geography and proposes the interpretation framework of this paper based on the concept of industrial relationship which introduces two variables: the degree of financial relationship of local industry and the degree of financial relationship of inter-regional investment flows. By comparing the regression results of listed banks and unlisted banks, this article analyzes the influence factors and difference of their branches and sub-branches in spatial evolution path respectively. The research has found that the listed bank behavior significantly changed the mechanism of the spatial evolution path of bank outlets.
引文
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[18]程林,王法辉,修春亮.城市银行网点及其与人口—经济活动关系的空间分析——以长春市中心城区为例[J].人文地理,2015(4):72-78.
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[23] Boschma R A,Frenken K. Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science? Towards an evolutionary economic geog‐raphy[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(3):273-302.
[24] Guo Q,He C. The evolution of production space and regional industrial structrues in China[J]. GeoJournal,2017,2(82):379-396.
[25] Zhu S,He C,Zhou Y. How to jump further and catch up?Path-breaking in an uneven industry space[J]. Journal of Eco‐nomic Geography,2017,17(3):521-545.
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[28] Guerrieri P,Meliciani V. Technology and international competitiveness:The interdependence between manufacturing and producer services[J]. Structural Change and Economic Dy‐namics,2005,16(4):489-502.
[29]冯科,何理.我国银行上市融资、信贷扩张对货币政策传导机制的影响[J].经济研究,2011,46(S2):51-62.
[30] Skander J. Van den Heuvel. The welfare cost of bank capital requirements[J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,2007,55(2):298-320.
[31] Disyatat P. The Bank Lending Channel Revisited[J]. Journal of Money Credit&Banking,2011,43(4):711-734.
[32]陆岷峰,李振国. IPO注册制对城市商业银行上市的影响与对策研究[J].华北金融,2015(7):22-28,52.
[33] Meliciani V,Savona M. The determinants of regional specialisation in business services:agglomeration economies,vertical linkages and innovation[J]. Journal of Economic Geography.2015,15(2):387-416.
[34]尹志超,钱龙,吴雨.银企关系、银行业竞争与中小企业借贷成本[J].金融研究,2015(1):134-149.
[35] Porteous D J. The geography of finance:Spatial dimensions of intermediary behaviour[M]. Aldershot:Avebury,1995.
[36] Alessandrini Pietro,Andrea F. Presbitero,Alberto Zazzaro;Banks,Distances and Firms'Financing Constraints[J]. Re‐view of Finance,2009,13(2):261-307.
[2] Yeung G,He C,Liu H. Centralization and marginalization:The Chinese banking industry in reform[J]. Applied Geography,2012,32(2):854-867.
[3] Grosse R G L G. Foreign bank activity in the United States:An analysis by country of origin[J]. Journal of Banking&Finance.1991,15(6):1 093-1 112.
[4] Yamori. A note on the location choice of multinational banks:The case of Japanese financial institutions[J]. Journal of Bank‐ing&Finance,1998,22(1):109-120.
[5]郑伯红,汤建中.跨国银行在华发展区位研究[J].世界地理研究,2001(4):21-28.
[6]苗启虎,王海鹏.外资银行在华投资动因的实证研究[J].上海金融,2004(8):9-11.
[7]贺灿飞,傅蓉.外资银行在中国的区位选择[J].地理学报.2009(6):701-712.
[8]李小建.转型时期快速增长城市国有银行区位变化研究[C]//中国地理学会2004年学术年会暨海峡两岸地理学术研讨会. 2004.
[9]武巍,刘卫东,刘毅.中国地区银行业金融系统的区域差异[J].地理学报,2007,62(12):1 235-1 243.
[10]李智山,黄光庆,陈凤桂,等.中国全国性股份制商业银行地理分布特征研究[J].经济地理,2014,34(2):19-27.
[11]贺灿飞,刘浩.银行业改革与国有商业银行网点空间布局——以中国工商银行和中国银行为例[J].地理研究,2013(1):111-122.
[12]李玮,薛德升.新世纪中国银行体制改革与地方银行机构网点的空间分布——兼与全国性商业银行的比较[J].热带地理,2013(4):420-428.
[13]陈跃刚,吴艳.上海市金融服务业空间分布研究[J].城市问题,2010(12):39-44.
[14]周珂慧,甄峰,余洋,等.中心城区金融服务业空间集聚过程与格局研究——以潍坊市奎文区为例[J].人文地理,2010(6):62-67.
[15]刘辉,申玉铭,邓秀丽.北京金融服务业空间格局及模式研究[J].人文地理,2013(5):61-68.
[16]秦泗刚,段汉明.西安市银行网点空间集聚性分析[J].测绘科学,2015,40(7):68-72.
[17]戴志敏,朱莉妍.中国商业银行贷款地理分布对银行利润效率的影响[J].地理学报,2015,70(6):955-964.
[18]程林,王法辉,修春亮.城市银行网点及其与人口—经济活动关系的空间分析——以长春市中心城区为例[J].人文地理,2015(4):72-78.
[19]詹璇,林爱文,孙铖,等.武汉市公共交通网络中心性及其与银行网点的空间耦合性研究[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(9):1 155-1 166.
[20] Klepper S. Disagreements,Spinoffs,and the Evolution of Detroit as the Capital of the U.S. Automobile Industry[J]. Man‐agement Science,2007,53(4):616-631.
[21] Hirschman A O A O. The strategy of economic development[M]. New Haven,CT and London:Yale University Press,1958.
[22] Muller E,Zenker A. Business services as actors of knowledge transformation:the role of KIBS in regional and national inno‐vation systems[J]. Research Policy,2001,30(9):1 501-1 516.
[23] Boschma R A,Frenken K. Why is economic geography not an evolutionary science? Towards an evolutionary economic geog‐raphy[J]. Journal of Economic Geography,2006,6(3):273-302.
[24] Guo Q,He C. The evolution of production space and regional industrial structrues in China[J]. GeoJournal,2017,2(82):379-396.
[25] Zhu S,He C,Zhou Y. How to jump further and catch up?Path-breaking in an uneven industry space[J]. Journal of Eco‐nomic Geography,2017,17(3):521-545.
[26] Zhu S,He C. Global,regional and local:new firm formation and spatial restructuring in China’s apparel industry[J]. Geo‐Journal,2014,79(2):237-253.
[27]贺灿飞.区域产业发展演化:路径依赖还是路径创造?[J].地理研究,2018(7):1 253-1 267.
[28] Guerrieri P,Meliciani V. Technology and international competitiveness:The interdependence between manufacturing and producer services[J]. Structural Change and Economic Dy‐namics,2005,16(4):489-502.
[29]冯科,何理.我国银行上市融资、信贷扩张对货币政策传导机制的影响[J].经济研究,2011,46(S2):51-62.
[30] Skander J. Van den Heuvel. The welfare cost of bank capital requirements[J]. Journal of Monetary Economics,2007,55(2):298-320.
[31] Disyatat P. The Bank Lending Channel Revisited[J]. Journal of Money Credit&Banking,2011,43(4):711-734.
[32]陆岷峰,李振国. IPO注册制对城市商业银行上市的影响与对策研究[J].华北金融,2015(7):22-28,52.
[33] Meliciani V,Savona M. The determinants of regional specialisation in business services:agglomeration economies,vertical linkages and innovation[J]. Journal of Economic Geography.2015,15(2):387-416.
[34]尹志超,钱龙,吴雨.银企关系、银行业竞争与中小企业借贷成本[J].金融研究,2015(1):134-149.
[35] Porteous D J. The geography of finance:Spatial dimensions of intermediary behaviour[M]. Aldershot:Avebury,1995.
[36] Alessandrini Pietro,Andrea F. Presbitero,Alberto Zazzaro;Banks,Distances and Firms'Financing Constraints[J]. Re‐view of Finance,2009,13(2):261-307.