雅鲁藏布江拉萨裸裂尻鱼种群资源状况及其渔业管理对策
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摘要
拉萨裸裂尻鱼为我国特有种,由于过度捕捞和生物入侵,其种群生存受到极大威胁.2008年8月至2009年8月在西藏雅鲁藏布江谢通门至尼木江段共采集拉萨裸裂尻鱼694尾,利用单位补充量模型对其种群资源利用状况及渔业管理对策进行了研究.结果表明:雌性和雄性拉萨裸裂尻鱼年总瞬时死亡率(Z)分别为0.81和0.78年~(-1),雌雄种群自然死亡率(M)分别在0.17～0.27和0.21～0.33年~(-1),雌雄鱼的当前捕捞死亡率(F_(cur))分别在0.54～0.64和0.45～0.57年~(-1).拉萨裸裂尻鱼雌鱼种群繁殖潜力比为10.1%～17.9%,全部显著低于下限参考点(F_(25%)),雄鱼种群繁殖潜力比为28.3%～43.6%,仅有22.3%的比例高于目标参考点(F_(40%)).表明在现有的渔业管理政策下,拉萨裸裂尻鱼资源已被过度开发.通过模拟14个不同的渔业管理政策,评估起捕年龄和禁渔期对拉萨裸裂尻鱼的保护效果,结果表明,将其起捕年龄设置为不小于10龄或禁渔期至少设置为2—6月,可实现对其资源的有效养护.
Schizopygopsis younghusbandi, an endemic species in China, is threatened by overfi-shing and biological invasion. With 694 individuals collected during August 2008 to August 2009 from the Xietongmen to Nimu of Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet, the population resources and fishery management policies of the fish were studied using per-recruit models. The total instantaneous annual mortality(Z) of S. younghusbandi was 0.81 year~(-1) for females and 0.78 year~(-1) for males. The range of natural mortality(M) of females and males were 0.17-0.27 year~(-1) and 0.21-0.33 year~(-1), respectively. The range of current fishing mortality(F_(cur)) was 0.54-0.64 year~(-1) for females and 0.45-0.57 year~(-1) for males. The range of spawning potential ratio of S. younghusbandi was 10.1%-17.9% for females, being significantly lower than the threshold reference point(F_(25%)). That for males was 28.3%-43.6%, with 22.3% of which was higher than the target reference point(F_(40%)). This result indicated that the stock of S. younghusbandi had been over-exploited under the current fishery management policy. To evaluate the protective effects of capture age and seasonal closure, 14 different fishery management policies were simulated. The results showed that the stock of S. younghusbandi would be effectively conserved by enhancing the capture age to not less than 10 years old or setting the seasonal closure from February to June.
Schizopygopsis younghusbandi, an endemic species in China, is threatened by overfi-shing and biological invasion. With 694 individuals collected during August 2008 to August 2009 from the Xietongmen to Nimu of Yarlung Zangbo River, Tibet, the population resources and fishery management policies of the fish were studied using per-recruit models. The total instantaneous annual mortality(Z) of S. younghusbandi was 0.81 year~(-1) for females and 0.78 year~(-1) for males. The range of natural mortality(M) of females and males were 0.17-0.27 year~(-1) and 0.21-0.33 year~(-1), respectively. The range of current fishing mortality(F_(cur)) was 0.54-0.64 year~(-1) for females and 0.45-0.57 year~(-1) for males. The range of spawning potential ratio of S. younghusbandi was 10.1%-17.9% for females, being significantly lower than the threshold reference point(F_(25%)). That for males was 28.3%-43.6%, with 22.3% of which was higher than the target reference point(F_(40%)). This result indicated that the stock of S. younghusbandi had been over-exploited under the current fishery management policy. To evaluate the protective effects of capture age and seasonal closure, 14 different fishery management policies were simulated. The results showed that the stock of S. younghusbandi would be effectively conserved by enhancing the capture age to not less than 10 years old or setting the seasonal closure from February to June.
引文
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[8] Chen F (陈锋),Chen Y-F (陈毅峰).Investigation and protection strategies of fishes of Lhasa River.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica (水生生物学报),2010,34(2):278-285 (in Chinese)
[9] Ding H-P (丁慧萍).Studies on the Biology of Exotic Fishes in Chabalang Wetland and Their Stresses on Native Fishes.Master Thesis.Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2014 (in Chinese)
[10] Yang H-Y (杨汉运),Huang D-M (黄道明).A preliminary investigation on fish fauna and resources of the upper and middle Yalu Tsangpo River.Journal of Central China Normal University (Natural Science) (华中师范大学学报:自然科学版),2011,45(4):629-633 (In Chinese)
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[13] Then AY,Hoenig JM,Hall NG,et al.Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species.ICES Journal of Marine Science,2015,72:82-92
[14] Hoenig JM.Empirical use of longevity data to estimate mortality rates.Fishery Bulletin,1983,82:898-903
[15] Taylor CC.Cod growth and temperature.ICES Journal of Marine Science,1958,23:366-370
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[18] Griffiths MH.The application of per-recruit models to Argyrosomus inodorus,an important South African sciaenid fish.Fisheries Research,1997,30:103-115
[19] Kirchner CH.Fisheries regulations based on yield-per-recruit analysis for the linefish silver kob Argyrosomus inodorus in Namibian waters.Fisheries Research,2001,52:155-167
[20] Sun CL,Ehrhardt NM,Porch CE,et al.Analysis of yield and spawning stock biomass per recruit for the South Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga).Fisheries Research,2002,56:193-204
[21] Sun CL,Wang SP,Porch CE,et al.Sex-specific yield per recruit and spawning stock biomass per recruit for the swordfish,Xiphias gladius,in the waters around Taiwan.Fisheries Research,2005,71:61-69
[22] Lee HH,Maunder MN,Piner KR,et al.Estimating natural mortality within a fisheries stock assessment model:An evaluation using simulation analysis based on twelve stock assessments.Fisheries Research,2011,109:89-94
[23] Kenchington TJ.Natural mortality estimators for information-limited fisheries.Fish and Fisheries,2014,15:533-562
[24] Gao C-X (高春霞),Tian S-Q (田思泉),Dai X-J (戴小杰).Estimation of biological parameters and yield per recruitment for Coilia nasustaihuensis in Dianshan Lake,Shanghai,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2014,25(5):1506-1512 (in Chinese)
[25] Hu Y (胡艳),Zhang T (张涛),Yang G (杨刚),et al.Assessment of resource situation of Collichthys lucidus in coastal waters of the Yangtze estuary.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2015,26(9):2867-2873 (in Chinese)
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[27] Pauly D.On the interrelationships between natural mortality,growth parameters,and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks.ICES Journal of Marine Science,1980,39:175-192
[28] Jensen AL.Beverton and Holt life history invariants result from optimal trade-off of reproduction and survival.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science,1996,53:820-822
[29] Li XQ,Chen YF,He DK,et al.Otolith characteristics and age determination of an endemic Ptychobarbus dipogon (Regan,1905) (Cyprinidae:Schizothoracinae) in the Yarlung Tsangpo River,Tibet.Environmental Biology of Fishes,2009,86:53-61
[30] Wang R (王芮),Zhu G-P (朱国平).Stock assessment methods on marine crustacean species:A review.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(8):2778-2786 (in Chinese)
[31] Arendse CJ,Govender A,Branch GM.Are closed fishing seasons an effective means of increasing reproductive output?A per-recruit simulation using the limpet Cymbula granatina as a case history.Fisheries Research,2007,85:93-100
[32] Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (全国人民代表大会常务委员会).Fisheries Law of the People’s Republic of China.Beijing:Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress,2013 (in Chinese)
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[34] Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region (西藏自治区人民代表大会常务委员会).Measures of the Implementation of the Fisheries Law of the People’s Republic of China.Lasha:Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region,2006 (in Chinese)
[35] He DK,Chen YY.Biogeography and molecular phylo-geny of the genus Schizothorax (teleostei:Cyprinidae) in China inferred from cytochrome b sequence.Journal of Biogeography,2006,33:1448-1460
[36] He D-K (何德奎),Chen Y-F (陈毅峰).Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of highly specialized schizothoracine fishes.Chinese Science Bulletin (科学通报),2007,52(3):303-312 (in Chinese)
[2] Xiong F (熊飞),Liu H-Y (刘红艳),Duan X-B (段辛斌),et al.Population parameters and population abundance of Rhinogobio cylindricus in Zhuyangxi section of the upper Yangtze River.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2015,35(22):7320-7327 (in Chinese)
[3] Xiong F (熊飞),Liu H-Y (刘红艳),Duan X-B (段辛斌),et al.Estimating population abundance and utilization of Rhinogobio ventralis,an endemic fish species in the upper Yangtze River.Biodiversity Science (生物多样性),2016,24(3):304-312 (in Chinese)
[4] Cao W-X (曹文宣),Chen Y-Y (陈宜瑜),Wu Y-F (武云飞),et al.Origin and evolution of schizothoracine fishes in relation to the upheaval of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau// Tibetan Expedition Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院西藏科考队),ed.Studies on the Period,Amplitude and Type of the Uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Beijing:Science Press,1981:118-130 (in Chinese)
[5] Wu Y-F (武云飞),Wu C-Z (吴翠珍).Fishes of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.Chengdu:Sichuan Science and Technology Press,1992 (in Chinese)
[6] Chen F,Chen YF,He DK.Age and growth of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi in the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet,China.Environmental Biology of Fishes,2009,86:155-162
[7] Duan Y-J (段友健).Study on the Biology and Population Dynamics of Schizopygopsisi younghusbandi.PhD Thesis.Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2015 (in Chinese)
[8] Chen F (陈锋),Chen Y-F (陈毅峰).Investigation and protection strategies of fishes of Lhasa River.Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica (水生生物学报),2010,34(2):278-285 (in Chinese)
[9] Ding H-P (丁慧萍).Studies on the Biology of Exotic Fishes in Chabalang Wetland and Their Stresses on Native Fishes.Master Thesis.Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2014 (in Chinese)
[10] Yang H-Y (杨汉运),Huang D-M (黄道明).A preliminary investigation on fish fauna and resources of the upper and middle Yalu Tsangpo River.Journal of Central China Normal University (Natural Science) (华中师范大学学报:自然科学版),2011,45(4):629-633 (In Chinese)
[11] Lyu Y-L (吕永磊),Hao S-X (郝世鑫),Wang C (王宠),et al.Investigation and analysis on plankton and fish resources in the source area of Lhasa River,Tibet,China.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica (海洋与湖沼),2016,47(2):407-413 (in Chinese)
[12] Smith MW,Then AY,Wor C,et al.Recommendations for catch-curve analysis.North American Journal of Fishe-ries Management,2012,32:956-967
[13] Then AY,Hoenig JM,Hall NG,et al.Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species.ICES Journal of Marine Science,2015,72:82-92
[14] Hoenig JM.Empirical use of longevity data to estimate mortality rates.Fishery Bulletin,1983,82:898-903
[15] Taylor CC.Cod growth and temperature.ICES Journal of Marine Science,1958,23:366-370
[16] Goodyear CP.Spawning stock biomass per recruit in fisheries management:Foundation and current use.Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,1993,120:67-81
[17] Quinn II TJ,Deriso RB.Quantitative Fish Dynamics.Oxford:Oxford University Press,1999:1-542
[18] Griffiths MH.The application of per-recruit models to Argyrosomus inodorus,an important South African sciaenid fish.Fisheries Research,1997,30:103-115
[19] Kirchner CH.Fisheries regulations based on yield-per-recruit analysis for the linefish silver kob Argyrosomus inodorus in Namibian waters.Fisheries Research,2001,52:155-167
[20] Sun CL,Ehrhardt NM,Porch CE,et al.Analysis of yield and spawning stock biomass per recruit for the South Atlantic albacore (Thunnus alalunga).Fisheries Research,2002,56:193-204
[21] Sun CL,Wang SP,Porch CE,et al.Sex-specific yield per recruit and spawning stock biomass per recruit for the swordfish,Xiphias gladius,in the waters around Taiwan.Fisheries Research,2005,71:61-69
[22] Lee HH,Maunder MN,Piner KR,et al.Estimating natural mortality within a fisheries stock assessment model:An evaluation using simulation analysis based on twelve stock assessments.Fisheries Research,2011,109:89-94
[23] Kenchington TJ.Natural mortality estimators for information-limited fisheries.Fish and Fisheries,2014,15:533-562
[24] Gao C-X (高春霞),Tian S-Q (田思泉),Dai X-J (戴小杰).Estimation of biological parameters and yield per recruitment for Coilia nasustaihuensis in Dianshan Lake,Shanghai,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2014,25(5):1506-1512 (in Chinese)
[25] Hu Y (胡艳),Zhang T (张涛),Yang G (杨刚),et al.Assessment of resource situation of Collichthys lucidus in coastal waters of the Yangtze estuary.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2015,26(9):2867-2873 (in Chinese)
[26] Beverton RJH,Holt SJ.A review of the lifespans and mortality rates of fish in nature,and their relation to growth and other physiological characteristics// Wolstenholme GEW,O’Conner M,eds.Ciba Foundation Symposium the Lifespan of Animals (Colloquia on Ageing).Chichester:John Wiley and Sons,1959:142-180
[27] Pauly D.On the interrelationships between natural mortality,growth parameters,and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks.ICES Journal of Marine Science,1980,39:175-192
[28] Jensen AL.Beverton and Holt life history invariants result from optimal trade-off of reproduction and survival.Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science,1996,53:820-822
[29] Li XQ,Chen YF,He DK,et al.Otolith characteristics and age determination of an endemic Ptychobarbus dipogon (Regan,1905) (Cyprinidae:Schizothoracinae) in the Yarlung Tsangpo River,Tibet.Environmental Biology of Fishes,2009,86:53-61
[30] Wang R (王芮),Zhu G-P (朱国平).Stock assessment methods on marine crustacean species:A review.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(8):2778-2786 (in Chinese)
[31] Arendse CJ,Govender A,Branch GM.Are closed fishing seasons an effective means of increasing reproductive output?A per-recruit simulation using the limpet Cymbula granatina as a case history.Fisheries Research,2007,85:93-100
[32] Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (全国人民代表大会常务委员会).Fisheries Law of the People’s Republic of China.Beijing:Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress,2013 (in Chinese)
[33] Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (全国人民代表大会常务委员会).Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Wildlife.Beijing:Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress 2016 (in Chinese)
[34] Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region (西藏自治区人民代表大会常务委员会).Measures of the Implementation of the Fisheries Law of the People’s Republic of China.Lasha:Standing Committee of the People’s Congress of the Tibet Autonomous Region,2006 (in Chinese)
[35] He DK,Chen YY.Biogeography and molecular phylo-geny of the genus Schizothorax (teleostei:Cyprinidae) in China inferred from cytochrome b sequence.Journal of Biogeography,2006,33:1448-1460
[36] He D-K (何德奎),Chen Y-F (陈毅峰).Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of highly specialized schizothoracine fishes.Chinese Science Bulletin (科学通报),2007,52(3):303-312 (in Chinese)