阳宗海流域冬季典型农村污水污染特征及水质评价
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摘要
为揭示阳宗海流域不同类型农村污水各污染指标的影响因素和分布特征,选取云南省的海晏村(传统型)和大营村(集镇型)的污水进行水样采集,通过方差分析研究其不同污染指标的浓度变化以及不同类型农村污水水质的差异性,并运用主成分分析法对污水进行水质评价。结果表明:阳宗海流域海晏村污水中的TN、COD均明显超过了城镇污水处理厂污染物排放二级标准,大营村的TP、TN、COD均明显超过了二级标准;pH值与氧化还原电位都是农村污水中污染物浓度的重要影响因子;两村的水质具有显著的差异性;传统型农村的水质比集镇型农村的要好,说明对阳宗海流域造成污染风险更大的是集镇型农村污水。
In order to investigate the factors and distribution characteristics of pollution indicators of different types of rural sewage in the Yangzonghai Lake Basin,sewage water was collected from Haiyan( traditional type) and Daying( town type) villages in Yunnan Province,the concentration changes of different pollution indicators and the differences in sewage water quality were studied through analysis of variance,and the water quality was evaluated through principal component analysis. The results show that the concentrations of TN and COD in sewage from Haiyan Village and the concentrations of TP,TN,and COD in sewage from Daying Village significantly exceeded the grade II standard of the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant( GB18918-2002). The p H value and oxidation-reduction potential were important factors that affect the pollutant concentration in rural sewage. The water quality of the two villages exhibited significant differences. The traditional-type rural water quality was better than the town-type,indicating that the town-type rural sewage will cause a higher risk of pollution in the Yangzonghai Lake Basin.
In order to investigate the factors and distribution characteristics of pollution indicators of different types of rural sewage in the Yangzonghai Lake Basin,sewage water was collected from Haiyan( traditional type) and Daying( town type) villages in Yunnan Province,the concentration changes of different pollution indicators and the differences in sewage water quality were studied through analysis of variance,and the water quality was evaluated through principal component analysis. The results show that the concentrations of TN and COD in sewage from Haiyan Village and the concentrations of TP,TN,and COD in sewage from Daying Village significantly exceeded the grade II standard of the Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant( GB18918-2002). The p H value and oxidation-reduction potential were important factors that affect the pollutant concentration in rural sewage. The water quality of the two villages exhibited significant differences. The traditional-type rural water quality was better than the town-type,indicating that the town-type rural sewage will cause a higher risk of pollution in the Yangzonghai Lake Basin.
引文
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[2]赵振宁,王宁.农村生活污水处理工艺选择探讨[J].给水排水,2010(增刊2):28-31.(ZHAO Zhengning,WANG Ning.Discussion on the selection of rural sewage treatment technology[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2010(sup2):28-31.(in Chinese))
[3]刘洪喜.农村生活污水处理技术的探讨[J].污染防治技术,2009(3):30-31.(LIU Hongxi.Discussion on rural domestic wastewater treatment technologies[J].Pollution Control Technology,2009(3):30-31.(in Chinese))
[4]陆继来.太湖地区农村生活污水排放地方标准及适用技术[C]//中国国际贸易促进会.中国农村和小城镇水环境治理论坛论文集.北京:中国国际贸易促进会,2011:72-75.
[5]陈云进.阳宗海水污染预防控制研究[J].环境科学导刊,2008,27(3):28-31.(CHEN Yunjin.Research on precaution and control of water pollution in Yangzong Lake[J].Environmental Science Survey,2008,27(3):28-31.(in Chinese))
[6]李振宇.阳宗海水质污染及其控制[J].云南环境科学,1993(3):36-38.(LI Zhenyu.Water pollution in Yangzonghai Lake and its control[J].Yunnan Environmental Science,1993(3):36-38.(in Chinese))
[7]毕建培,刘晨,黎绍佐,等.阳宗海砷污染水质变化过程分析[J].水资源保护,2014,30(1):84-89.(BI Jianpei,LIU Chen,LI Shaozuo,et al.Variation of water quality of Yangzonghai Lake affected by arsenic pollution[J].Water Resources Protection,2014,30(1):84-89.(in Chinese))
[8]苏嫚丽,赵言文,胡正义,等.太湖流域农村污水污染特征研究[J].江西农业学报,2009,21(7):176-179.(SU Manli,ZHAO Yanwen,HU Zhengyi,et al.Study on pollution characteristies of rural wastewater in Tai Lake region[J].Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi,2009,21(7):176-179.(in Chinese))
[9]赵娴.阳宗海和滇池污染的比较研究[J].法制与社会,2009(13):219-220.(ZHAO Xiao.A comparative study of Yangzong and Dianchi Lake pollution[J].Legal System and Society,2009(13):219-220.(in Chinese))
[10]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1997.
[11]HJ535-2009,中华人民共和国国家环境保护标准[S].
[12]张磊,裴国霞,张玉华,等.华北平原地区农村生活污水产污特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(2):410-415.(ZHANG Lei,PEI Guoxia,ZHANG Yuhua,et al.Sewage produced characteristic of rural areas in North China plan region[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2012,31(2):410-415.(in Chinese))
[13]晨曦.畜禽养殖业污染对环境危害严重[J].农业工程,2014(增刊1):25.(CHEN Xi.Livestock and poultry pollution seriously harmful to the environment[J].Agricultural Engineering,2014(sup1):25.(in Chinese))
[14]GB18918—2002,中华人民共和国国家标准[S].北京:国家环境保护总局,2003.
[15]国家环境保护总局.全国规模化畜禽养殖业污染情况调查及防治对策[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2003:14.
[16]BUTLER D,FNEDIER E,GATT K.Characterising the qunatity and quality of domestic wastewater inflows[J].Water Science and Technology,1995,31(7):13-24.
[17]杨玉玮,高学鲁,李培苗.烟台四十里湾柱状沉积物氮形态地球化学特征[J].环境科学,2012,33(10):3450-3456.(YANG Yuwei,GAO Xuelu,LI Peimiao.Geochemical characteristics of nitrogen in core sediments from Sishili Bay China[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Science,2012,33(10):3449-3456.(in Chinese))
[18]李艳双,曾珍香,张闽,等.主成分分析法在多指标综合评价方法中的应用[J].河北工业大学学报,1999,28(1):94-97.(LI Yanshuang,ZENG Zhenxiang,ZHANG Min,et al.Application of primary component analysis in the methods of comprehensive evaluation for many indexes[J].Journal of Hebei University of Technology,1999,28(1):94-97.(in Chinese))
[19]BENGRAINE K,MARHABA T F.Using principal component analysis to monitor spatial and temporal changes in water quality[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2003,100(1/2/3):179-195.
[20]HELENA B,PARDO R,VEGA M,et al.Temporal evolution of groundwater composition in an alluvial aquifer(Pisuerga River,Spain)by principal component analysis[J].Water Research,2000,34:807-816.
[21]刘小楠,崔巍.主成分分析法在汾河水质评价中的应用[J].中国给水排水,2009,25(18):105-108.(LIU Xiaonan,CUI Wei.Application of principal component analysis method to assessment of water quality in Fenhe River[J].China Water&Wastewater,2009,25(18):105-108.(in Chinese))
[22]OUYANG Y.Evaluation of river water quality monitoring stations by principal component analysis[J].Water Research,2005,39:2621-2635.
[23]郭翔云,崔慧敏.主成分分析法在白洋淀水质评价中的应用[J].海河水利,2005(5):55-56.(GUO Xiangyun,CUI Huimin.Application of principal component analysis method in water quality assessment for Baiyangdian[J].Haihe Water Resources,2005(5):55-56.(in Chinese))