我国两广南部褐飞虱春季迁入特征及其虫源地分析
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摘要
为给我国褐飞虱精细化预测预报及源头治理提供科学依据,本文选取2007—2016年期间中国两广南部8个国家基准病虫测报站每年3-5月的逐日褐飞虱灯诱数据来分析其种群始见期变化、春季迁入量与迁入峰次变化,通过轨迹回推方法分析两广南部各站及各月虫源地分布,并根据850 hPa风向频率图分析虫源地的风场分布。结果表明:①两广南部大部分站点褐飞虱的平均始见期为3月下旬至4月上旬;一般3月开始有迁入发生,4月迁入峰次较少,到5月时峰次逐渐增多,5月是春季主要迁入期;近年来两广南部迁入较早的年份褐飞虱迁入虫量有所回落。②两广南部春季迁入的境外虫源地主要分布在越南中部、老挝中部,少量来自泰国东北部,而国内的虫源地主要分布在海南岛和两广最南端的部分地区。③10年中,虫源地3—5月常盛行西南风,特别是在主迁入期5月西南风十分稳定。稳定的西南风有利于中南半岛的褐飞虱种群北迁进入我国。④联合境外虫源地国家,有效控制两广南部褐飞虱的春季迁入量,在一定程度上可缓解后期种群大量北迁对我国水稻生长发育造成的危害,有利于我国全年对褐飞虱虫害的防控。
In order to establish a scientific basis for regional forecasting and source suppression against Nilaparvata lugens, daily light-trapped data of N. lugens of 8 representative sites in southern Guangxi and southern Guangdong during March to May in 10 years(2007-2016) was collected. Changes of population arrival period and immigration peaks and immigrating quantity of N. lugens in spring were analyzed. Every site in the area and the insect source distribution in every month were analyzed by track backward induction. And wind field distribution in the insect source areas was analyzed according to 850 hPa wind direction frequency. The results showed as follows:(1) the average arrival period of N.lugens in the southern part of Guangdong and Guangxi was between the end of March and the beginning of April.Generally, the immigration had begun in March. There were fewer peaks in April and the peaks gradually increased in May. And May was major immigration period. In recent years, immigrating quantity of N. lugens in early immigration years had declined.(2) The extraterrestrial insects were mainly from central area of Vietnam and Laos, and a small number were from northeastern Thailand. Domestic insect sources were mainly distributed in Hainan Island and parts of the southernmost part of Guangdong and Guangxi.(3) In recently 10-years, from March to May, southwest wind prevalent in the source areas, especially it was very stable during the main period of migration, which was favorable for N. lugens' populations migrating from Indochina Peninsula into the southern China. Taking effective measures with other countries covering the insect source area to control spring immigration of N. lugens to southern parts of Guangxi and Guangdong can contribute to the decline the immigration population and alleviate the damage of N. lugens, which was conducive to the year-round prevention and controlling against N. lugens in China.
In order to establish a scientific basis for regional forecasting and source suppression against Nilaparvata lugens, daily light-trapped data of N. lugens of 8 representative sites in southern Guangxi and southern Guangdong during March to May in 10 years(2007-2016) was collected. Changes of population arrival period and immigration peaks and immigrating quantity of N. lugens in spring were analyzed. Every site in the area and the insect source distribution in every month were analyzed by track backward induction. And wind field distribution in the insect source areas was analyzed according to 850 hPa wind direction frequency. The results showed as follows:(1) the average arrival period of N.lugens in the southern part of Guangdong and Guangxi was between the end of March and the beginning of April.Generally, the immigration had begun in March. There were fewer peaks in April and the peaks gradually increased in May. And May was major immigration period. In recent years, immigrating quantity of N. lugens in early immigration years had declined.(2) The extraterrestrial insects were mainly from central area of Vietnam and Laos, and a small number were from northeastern Thailand. Domestic insect sources were mainly distributed in Hainan Island and parts of the southernmost part of Guangdong and Guangxi.(3) In recently 10-years, from March to May, southwest wind prevalent in the source areas, especially it was very stable during the main period of migration, which was favorable for N. lugens' populations migrating from Indochina Peninsula into the southern China. Taking effective measures with other countries covering the insect source area to control spring immigration of N. lugens to southern parts of Guangxi and Guangdong can contribute to the decline the immigration population and alleviate the damage of N. lugens, which was conducive to the year-round prevention and controlling against N. lugens in China.
引文
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[14]翟保平,张孝羲.迁飞过程中昆虫的行为:对风温场的适应与选择[J].生态学报,1993,13(4):356-363.
[15]邹运鼎.我国东半部褐飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟迁飞发生区及其分布的数学模型[J].应用生态学报,1991,2(2):141-145.
[16]封传红,翟保平,陈庆华,等.利用850 hPa气流资料分析稻飞虱迁飞路径[J].中国农业气象,2003,24(3):31-35.
[17]Hu G,Lu M H,Tuan H A,et al.Population dynamics of rice planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera(Hemiptera,Delphacidae)in Central Vietnam and its effects on their spring migration to China[J].Bulletin of Entomological Research,2017,107(3):369-381.
[18]沈慧梅.我国褐飞虱与白背飞虱的境外虫源研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[19]翟保平.褐飞虱:国际视野下的中国问题[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(5):1184-1198.
[2]程遐年,吴进才,马飞.褐飞虱研究与防治[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2003.
[3]唐广田,包云轩.广西褐飞虱发生特点及其迁飞路径分析[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(1):74-82.
[4]齐国君,芦芳,胡高,等.2007年广西早稻田褐飞虱发生动态及虫源分析[J].生态学报,2010,30(2):462-472.
[5]朱豪红,文洪波,卢继英,等.近20年玉林市稻飞虱发生特点及其防控对策[J].中国植保导刊,2012,32(12):25-29.
[6]汪铭,李亚红,李庆红.云南近年褐飞虱发生特点及其治理对策[J].中国植保导刊,2012,32(6):27-29.
[7]谢茂昌,林作晓.2005年广西稻飞虱发生为害特点及成灾原因分析.广西植保,2007,20(2):24-27.
[8]Hu G,Xie M C,Lin Z X,et al.Are outbreaks of Nilaparvata lugens(St覽l)associated with global warming[J].Environmental Entomology,2010,39(6):1705-1714.
[9]芦芳,翟保平,胡高.昆虫迁飞研究中的轨迹分析方法[J].应用昆虫学报,2013,55(3):853-862.
[10]Furuno A,Chino M,Otuka A,et al.Development of a numerical simulation model for long-range migration of rice planthoppers[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2005,133(1-4):197-209.
[11]Hu G,Lu F,Zhai B P,et al.Outbreaks of the Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens(St覽l)in the Yangtze River Delta:Immigration or Local Reproduction[J].PLoS One,2014,9(2):1-12.
[12]Chapman J W,Nesbit R L,Burgin L E,et al.Flight orientation behaviors promote optimal migration trajectories in high-flying insects[J].Science,2010,327(5966):682-685.
[13]Otuka A,Dudhia J,Watanabe T,et al.A new trajectory analysis method for migratory planthoppers,Sogatella furcifera(Horváth)(Homoptera:Delphacidae)and Nilaparvata lugens(St覽l),using an advanced weather forecast model[J].Agricultural and Forest Entomology,2005,7(1):1-9.
[14]翟保平,张孝羲.迁飞过程中昆虫的行为:对风温场的适应与选择[J].生态学报,1993,13(4):356-363.
[15]邹运鼎.我国东半部褐飞虱、稻纵卷叶螟迁飞发生区及其分布的数学模型[J].应用生态学报,1991,2(2):141-145.
[16]封传红,翟保平,陈庆华,等.利用850 hPa气流资料分析稻飞虱迁飞路径[J].中国农业气象,2003,24(3):31-35.
[17]Hu G,Lu M H,Tuan H A,et al.Population dynamics of rice planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera(Hemiptera,Delphacidae)in Central Vietnam and its effects on their spring migration to China[J].Bulletin of Entomological Research,2017,107(3):369-381.
[18]沈慧梅.我国褐飞虱与白背飞虱的境外虫源研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2010.
[19]翟保平.褐飞虱:国际视野下的中国问题[J].应用昆虫学报,2011,48(5):1184-1198.