基于群团抽样技术的森林资源监测方案研究
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摘要
为探索适合我国森林资源实情的监测抽样新技术,借鉴美国森林资源年度监测技术方案,以北京市延庆区为研究区,进行森林蓄积量群团抽样试验研究。首先在美国森林资源年度监测体系基础上,根据所选研究区域的森林资源分布状况,确定适宜的正六边形抽样框架尺度以及抽样比例,在抽选的正六边形抽样框架内布设圆形群团样地并进行实地调查,从而获取研究区当年森林蓄积量信息。结果表明,采用正六边形抽样框架在北京市延庆区开展森林资源年度监测的适宜面积为2 338 hm~2,边长为3 000 m,最适抽样比例为66%;根据所设计的群团抽样方案进行实地调查获取延庆区2016年的森林蓄积量为16. 6 m3/hm~2,抽样调查精度达85. 4%,符合《国家森林资源连续清查技术规定》对抽样精度的要求,验证了基于圆形群团样地在我国区、县级尺度上开展森林资源监测的可行性。
In order to explore the new monitoring sampling technology suitable for the situation of forest resources in China,based on the annual monitoring technology of forest resources in the United States,the annual monitoring of forest volume was researched in Yanqing District,Beijing. Firstly,according to the actual situation of forest resource distribution in research area and based on the design of American annual monitoring system of forest resources,some optimization and improvement in the size of hexagonal sampling frame and sampling rate were done,and a system sampling scheme for annual forest inventory monitoring was designed. The result showed that using the positive hexagonal sampling frame to do annual monitoring of forest resources can receive an optimal scale area,an optimal side length and an optimal sampling fraction,and the amount was 2 338 hm~2,3 000 m and 66%,respectively. According to the systematic sampling scheme,and combining with field investigation,the volume amount received in Yanqing was 16. 6 m3/hm~2,the sampling monitoring accuracy was 85. 4%,which was all conformity with NFI Technical Regulations. Therefore,the feasibility of the proposed forest resource monitoring scheme based on cluster sampling technology in China was verified. The main points of cluster sampling technology and the method of forest accumulation amount output based on circular cluster were introduced in detail. The research result can provide reference for the optimization and improvement of the national forest resources continuous inventory system and the field sampling survey technology.
In order to explore the new monitoring sampling technology suitable for the situation of forest resources in China,based on the annual monitoring technology of forest resources in the United States,the annual monitoring of forest volume was researched in Yanqing District,Beijing. Firstly,according to the actual situation of forest resource distribution in research area and based on the design of American annual monitoring system of forest resources,some optimization and improvement in the size of hexagonal sampling frame and sampling rate were done,and a system sampling scheme for annual forest inventory monitoring was designed. The result showed that using the positive hexagonal sampling frame to do annual monitoring of forest resources can receive an optimal scale area,an optimal side length and an optimal sampling fraction,and the amount was 2 338 hm~2,3 000 m and 66%,respectively. According to the systematic sampling scheme,and combining with field investigation,the volume amount received in Yanqing was 16. 6 m3/hm~2,the sampling monitoring accuracy was 85. 4%,which was all conformity with NFI Technical Regulations. Therefore,the feasibility of the proposed forest resource monitoring scheme based on cluster sampling technology in China was verified. The main points of cluster sampling technology and the method of forest accumulation amount output based on circular cluster were introduced in detail. The research result can provide reference for the optimization and improvement of the national forest resources continuous inventory system and the field sampling survey technology.
引文
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[7]曾伟生.全国森林资源年度出数方法探讨[J].林业资源管理,2013,4(1):27-31.ZENG Weisheng. Discussion on methods for producing annual national estimates of forest resources[J]. Forest ResourceManagement,2013,4(1):27-31.(in Chinese)
[8]刘华,陈永富,鞠洪波.美国森林资源监测技术对我国森林资源一体化监测体系建设的启示[J].世界林业研究,2012,25(6):64-68.LIU Hua,CHEN Yongfu,JU Hongbo. Inspiration of forest resources monitoring in USA for integrated forest resources monitoringsystem in China[J]. World Forestry Research,2012,25(6):64-68.(in Chinese)
[9]曾伟生,闫宏伟.森林资源监测有关问题的思考[J].林业资源管理,2013(6):14-18.ZENG Weisheng, YAN Hongwei. Considerations on related issues of forest resource monitoring[J]. Forest ResourceManagement,2013(6):14-18.(in Chinese)
[10]张治军,唐芳林,李华,等.美国和德国森林资源监测主要做法及启示[J].林业建设,2013(4):1-7.ZHANG Zhijun,TANG Fanglin,LI Hua,et al. Main practices and implications of forest resource monitoring in the UnitedStates and Germany[J]. Forestry Construction,2013(4):1-7.(in Chinese)
[11]叶荣华.美国国家森林资源清查体系的新设计[J].林业资源管理,2003(3):65-68.YE Ronghua. New design of the US national forest inventory and analysis system[J]. Forest Resource Management,2003(3):65-68.(in Chinese)
[12]韦希勤.美国森林资源调查方法的变化对我们的启示[J].中南林业调查规划,2005,24(2):42-46.WEI Xiqin. The implications of changes in forest resource survey methods in the United States[J]. Central South ForestrySurvey Planning,2005,24(2):42-46.(in Chinese)
[13]韦希勤.国家级森林资源监测体系中的地面样地设计[J].世界林业研究,1996,9(3):24-28.WEI Xiqin. Ground sample design in national forest resources monitoring system[J]. World Forestry Research,1996,9(3):24-28.(in Chinese)
[14]舒清态,唐守正.国际森林资源监测的现状与发展趋势[J].世界林业研究,2005,18(3):33-37.SHU Qingtai,TANG Shouzheng. The status and trend of international forest resources monitoring[J]. World ForestryResearch,2005,18(3):33-37.(in Chinese)
[15]沙琢.加拿大森林资源清查方法[J].林业资源管理,1979(4):46-50.SHA Zhuo. Canadian forest resource inventory method[J]. Forest Resource Management,1979(4):46-50.(in Chinese)
[16]马茂江,张文,万国礼.德国森林资源调查与监测对我国的启示[J].世界林业研究,2008,21(2):9-10.MA Maojiang,ZHANG Wen,WAN Guoli. The revelation of forestry resource monitoring and inventory contrasted Germanywith China[J]. World Forestry Research,2008,21(2):9-10.(in Chinese)
[17]李云,陈晓,张英团.美国、德国、法国和日本森林资源调查体系对我国森林资源调查与监测的启示[J].林业建设,2016(1):1-9.LI Yun,CHEN Xiao,ZHANG Yingtuan. Implications of forest resource survey systems in the United States,Germany,Franceand Japan on forest resource survey and monitoring in China[J]. Forestry Construction,2016(1):1-9.(in Chinese)
[18]雷相东,洪玲霞,陆元昌,等.国家级森林资源清查地面样地设计[J].世界林业研究,2008,21(4):36-40.LEI Xiangdong,HONG Lingxia,LU Yuanchang,et al. Revelation on forestry resource inventory and monitoring contrasted theUnited States,France,Germany and Japan with China 2008[J]. World Forestry Research,2008,21(4):36-40.(inChinese)
[19]邓成,梁志斌.国内外森林资源调查对比分析[J].林业资源管理,2012(5):13-17.DENG Cheng,LIANG Zhibin. The comparative analysis on forest resources inventories of China and other countries[J]. ForestResource Management,2012(5):13-17.(in Chinese)
[20]叶荣华.年度森林资源清查:美国的经验与借鉴[J].林业资源管理,2013(4):1-4,10.YE Ronghua. Annual forest inventory:US experience and lessons[J]. Forest Resource Management,2013(4):1-4,10.(inChinese)
[21] FOWLER G W,唐宗桢.森林边界效应引起的固定面积圆形样地的统计偏差[J].林业资源管理,1982(4):51-56.FOWLER G W,TANG Zongzhen. Statistical deviation of fixed area circular plot caused by forest boundary effect[J]. ForestResource Management,1982(4):51-56.(in Chinese)
[22]姜文军,那海豹.对控制样地调查采用圆形调查方法优越性的讨论[J].林业勘查设计,2004(2):42.JIANG Wenjun,NA Haibao. Discussion on the advantages of circular survey method in control sample survey[J]. ForestExploration Design,2004(2):42.(in Chinese)
[23]李茂深.群状抽样在森林资源调查中的应用[J].林业资源管理,1987(3):42-46.LI Maoshen. Application of cluster sampling in forest resource survey[J]. Forest Resource Management,1987(3):42-46.(in Chinese)
[24]王海宾,邓华锋,程志楚,等.基于3S的森林植被面积空间抽样方法[J].森林与环境学报,2015,35(1):74-80.WANG Haibin,DENG Huafeng,CHENG Zhichu,et al. Study on forest vegetation area spatial sampling method based on 3S[J]. Journal of Forest and Environment,2015,35(1):74-80.(in Chinese)
[25]李云霄,彭道黎,何彦然,等.基于多阶抽样的林地蓄积量估测方法———以三峡库区为例[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(5):130-133.LI Yunxiao,PENG Daoli,HE Yanran,et al. Estimating method of the forest volume based on multi-stage sampling—takingThree Gorges Reservoir area as an example[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2015,43(5):130-133.(inChinese)
[26] TOMTER S M,KULIESIS A,GSCHWANTNER T. Annual volume increment of the European forests—description andevaluation of the national methods used[J]. Annals of Forest Science,2016,73(4):849-856.
[2]王海宾,彭道黎,范应龙,等.基于辅助信息的森林蓄积量空间模拟[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(6):283-289.WANG Haibin,PENG Daoli,FAN Yinglong,et al. Spatial modeling of forest stock volume based on auxiliary information[J/OL]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(6):283-289. http:∥www. j-csam. org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract. aspx? flag=1&file_no=20160637&journal_id=jcsam. DOI:10. 6041/j. issn. 1000-1298.2016. 06. 037.(in Chinese)
[3]曾伟生,程志楚,夏朝宗.一种衔接森林资源一类清查和二类调查的新方案[J].中南林业调查规划,2012,31(3):1-4.ZENG Weisheng,CHENG Zhichu,XIA Chaozong. A new scheme for coordinating continuous forest inventory with forestmanagement inventory[J]. Central South Forestry Survey Planning,2012,31(3):1-4.(in Chinese)
[4]曾伟生,黄国胜,党永峰,等.全国森林资源宏观监测的抽样设计与估计方法探索[J].林业资源管理,2016(3):1-6.ZENG Weisheng,HUANG Guosheng,DANG Yongfeng,et al. Discussion on sampling design and estimation methods ofnational forest resources Macro-Monitoring[J]. Forest Resource Management,2016(3):1-6.(in Chinese)
[5]曾伟生,周佑明.森林资源一类和二类调查存在的主要问题与对策[J].中南林业调查规划,2003,22(4):8-11.ZENG Weisheng,ZHOU Youming. Discussion on main problems and countermeasures to continuous forest inventory and forestmanagement inventory[J]. Central South Forestry Survey Planning,2003,22(4):8-11.(in Chinese)
[6]孟京辉,陆元昌,柳新红,等.国家森林资源调查体系改进探讨[J].浙江林业科技,2009,29(6):77-79.MENG Jinghui,LU Yuanchang,LIU Xinhong,et al. Study on improvement for national forest inventory[J]. Zhejiang ForestryTechnology,2009,29(6):77-79.(in Chinese)
[7]曾伟生.全国森林资源年度出数方法探讨[J].林业资源管理,2013,4(1):27-31.ZENG Weisheng. Discussion on methods for producing annual national estimates of forest resources[J]. Forest ResourceManagement,2013,4(1):27-31.(in Chinese)
[8]刘华,陈永富,鞠洪波.美国森林资源监测技术对我国森林资源一体化监测体系建设的启示[J].世界林业研究,2012,25(6):64-68.LIU Hua,CHEN Yongfu,JU Hongbo. Inspiration of forest resources monitoring in USA for integrated forest resources monitoringsystem in China[J]. World Forestry Research,2012,25(6):64-68.(in Chinese)
[9]曾伟生,闫宏伟.森林资源监测有关问题的思考[J].林业资源管理,2013(6):14-18.ZENG Weisheng, YAN Hongwei. Considerations on related issues of forest resource monitoring[J]. Forest ResourceManagement,2013(6):14-18.(in Chinese)
[10]张治军,唐芳林,李华,等.美国和德国森林资源监测主要做法及启示[J].林业建设,2013(4):1-7.ZHANG Zhijun,TANG Fanglin,LI Hua,et al. Main practices and implications of forest resource monitoring in the UnitedStates and Germany[J]. Forestry Construction,2013(4):1-7.(in Chinese)
[11]叶荣华.美国国家森林资源清查体系的新设计[J].林业资源管理,2003(3):65-68.YE Ronghua. New design of the US national forest inventory and analysis system[J]. Forest Resource Management,2003(3):65-68.(in Chinese)
[12]韦希勤.美国森林资源调查方法的变化对我们的启示[J].中南林业调查规划,2005,24(2):42-46.WEI Xiqin. The implications of changes in forest resource survey methods in the United States[J]. Central South ForestrySurvey Planning,2005,24(2):42-46.(in Chinese)
[13]韦希勤.国家级森林资源监测体系中的地面样地设计[J].世界林业研究,1996,9(3):24-28.WEI Xiqin. Ground sample design in national forest resources monitoring system[J]. World Forestry Research,1996,9(3):24-28.(in Chinese)
[14]舒清态,唐守正.国际森林资源监测的现状与发展趋势[J].世界林业研究,2005,18(3):33-37.SHU Qingtai,TANG Shouzheng. The status and trend of international forest resources monitoring[J]. World ForestryResearch,2005,18(3):33-37.(in Chinese)
[15]沙琢.加拿大森林资源清查方法[J].林业资源管理,1979(4):46-50.SHA Zhuo. Canadian forest resource inventory method[J]. Forest Resource Management,1979(4):46-50.(in Chinese)
[16]马茂江,张文,万国礼.德国森林资源调查与监测对我国的启示[J].世界林业研究,2008,21(2):9-10.MA Maojiang,ZHANG Wen,WAN Guoli. The revelation of forestry resource monitoring and inventory contrasted Germanywith China[J]. World Forestry Research,2008,21(2):9-10.(in Chinese)
[17]李云,陈晓,张英团.美国、德国、法国和日本森林资源调查体系对我国森林资源调查与监测的启示[J].林业建设,2016(1):1-9.LI Yun,CHEN Xiao,ZHANG Yingtuan. Implications of forest resource survey systems in the United States,Germany,Franceand Japan on forest resource survey and monitoring in China[J]. Forestry Construction,2016(1):1-9.(in Chinese)
[18]雷相东,洪玲霞,陆元昌,等.国家级森林资源清查地面样地设计[J].世界林业研究,2008,21(4):36-40.LEI Xiangdong,HONG Lingxia,LU Yuanchang,et al. Revelation on forestry resource inventory and monitoring contrasted theUnited States,France,Germany and Japan with China 2008[J]. World Forestry Research,2008,21(4):36-40.(inChinese)
[19]邓成,梁志斌.国内外森林资源调查对比分析[J].林业资源管理,2012(5):13-17.DENG Cheng,LIANG Zhibin. The comparative analysis on forest resources inventories of China and other countries[J]. ForestResource Management,2012(5):13-17.(in Chinese)
[20]叶荣华.年度森林资源清查:美国的经验与借鉴[J].林业资源管理,2013(4):1-4,10.YE Ronghua. Annual forest inventory:US experience and lessons[J]. Forest Resource Management,2013(4):1-4,10.(inChinese)
[21] FOWLER G W,唐宗桢.森林边界效应引起的固定面积圆形样地的统计偏差[J].林业资源管理,1982(4):51-56.FOWLER G W,TANG Zongzhen. Statistical deviation of fixed area circular plot caused by forest boundary effect[J]. ForestResource Management,1982(4):51-56.(in Chinese)
[22]姜文军,那海豹.对控制样地调查采用圆形调查方法优越性的讨论[J].林业勘查设计,2004(2):42.JIANG Wenjun,NA Haibao. Discussion on the advantages of circular survey method in control sample survey[J]. ForestExploration Design,2004(2):42.(in Chinese)
[23]李茂深.群状抽样在森林资源调查中的应用[J].林业资源管理,1987(3):42-46.LI Maoshen. Application of cluster sampling in forest resource survey[J]. Forest Resource Management,1987(3):42-46.(in Chinese)
[24]王海宾,邓华锋,程志楚,等.基于3S的森林植被面积空间抽样方法[J].森林与环境学报,2015,35(1):74-80.WANG Haibin,DENG Huafeng,CHENG Zhichu,et al. Study on forest vegetation area spatial sampling method based on 3S[J]. Journal of Forest and Environment,2015,35(1):74-80.(in Chinese)
[25]李云霄,彭道黎,何彦然,等.基于多阶抽样的林地蓄积量估测方法———以三峡库区为例[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(5):130-133.LI Yunxiao,PENG Daoli,HE Yanran,et al. Estimating method of the forest volume based on multi-stage sampling—takingThree Gorges Reservoir area as an example[J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2015,43(5):130-133.(inChinese)
[26] TOMTER S M,KULIESIS A,GSCHWANTNER T. Annual volume increment of the European forests—description andevaluation of the national methods used[J]. Annals of Forest Science,2016,73(4):849-856.
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