桌子山地区中奥陶统克里摩里组深水等深流沉积模式
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摘要
等深流沉积是深水环境中牵引流沉积的重要类型之一。虽然研究程度相对较高,但主要以深海测量和大洋钻探为平台对现代海洋中的等深流进行研究,特别是大洋钻探339航次的执行,将等深流沉积研究推向一个新的阶段(等深岩丘结构剖析),而对地层记录中的等深流沉积研究却非常薄弱,从而也制约了对等深流沉积的研究,特别是等深流沉积模式的建立。鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北部桌子山地区中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶克里摩里组广泛发育等深流沉积,此次在详细的野外观察基础上,对内蒙古乌海市海南区石峡谷剖面进行沉积学研究,该剖面克里摩里组从下到上可分为三段:下段以薄-中层叠置石灰岩为特征、中段以石灰岩-泥岩岩组与泥岩互层为特征,上段以条纹状泥岩为特征。三段沉积分别代表了深水环境下等深流水道沉积、天然堤沉积和深水盆地平原区极弱等深流沉积,在垂向上组成了一个完整的等深流水下水道-天然堤沉积体系。
Contourite is an important sedimentary type of traction current deposits in a deep-water environment. Although there hasbeen a lot of research on contourites, most studies focus on contour concurrent deposition in modern oceans by bathymetricinvestigation and deep-sea drilling(DSDP, ODP and IODP). Following the implementation of the IODP(Integrated Ocean DrillingProgram) Expedition 339(The Mediterranean outflow), the study of contourites has reached a new stage for analyzing the vertical andlateral succession of contour drifts. However, there is still a great restriction on further study of contourites, especially on thedepositional model for contour currents because of the big gap between modern sea floor and stratigraphic records. This article isfocused on the ancient contour current deposits developed in the northwestern margin of the Ordos Basin, in Darriwilian Stage, MiddleOrdovician. Sedimentology analysis based on the detailed field work in shixiagu section, Hainan area in Wuhai city of Inner Mongoliaallows us to differentiate three vertical successions, i.e., the medium-to thin-bedded amalgamated limestone, the alternation oflimestone-mudstone unit and mudstone, and the striation mudstone is the notable characteristics in the lower, middle, and upper part ofthe Kelimoli Formation, respectively. These three successions are proposed to represent the deposits of channel, levee, and basin in deep-water environments where contour currents dominate. Thus, a conceptual model of deep-water channel-levee system for thedeposition of contour currents is developed from the geological records in the western Ordos Basin.
Contourite is an important sedimentary type of traction current deposits in a deep-water environment. Although there hasbeen a lot of research on contourites, most studies focus on contour concurrent deposition in modern oceans by bathymetricinvestigation and deep-sea drilling(DSDP, ODP and IODP). Following the implementation of the IODP(Integrated Ocean DrillingProgram) Expedition 339(The Mediterranean outflow), the study of contourites has reached a new stage for analyzing the vertical andlateral succession of contour drifts. However, there is still a great restriction on further study of contourites, especially on thedepositional model for contour currents because of the big gap between modern sea floor and stratigraphic records. This article isfocused on the ancient contour current deposits developed in the northwestern margin of the Ordos Basin, in Darriwilian Stage, MiddleOrdovician. Sedimentology analysis based on the detailed field work in shixiagu section, Hainan area in Wuhai city of Inner Mongoliaallows us to differentiate three vertical successions, i.e., the medium-to thin-bedded amalgamated limestone, the alternation oflimestone-mudstone unit and mudstone, and the striation mudstone is the notable characteristics in the lower, middle, and upper part ofthe Kelimoli Formation, respectively. These three successions are proposed to represent the deposits of channel, levee, and basin in deep-water environments where contour currents dominate. Thus, a conceptual model of deep-water channel-levee system for thedeposition of contour currents is developed from the geological records in the western Ordos Basin.
引文
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郭彦如,赵振宇,徐旺林.2014.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系层序地层格架[J]沉积学报,32(1):44-60.
韩品龙,张月巧,冯乔.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地祁连海域奥陶纪岩相古地理特征与演化[J].现代地质,23(5):822-829.
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姜在兴,赵澄林,熊继辉.1989.皖中下志留统的等深积岩及期地质意义[J].科学通报,34(20):1575-1576.
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雷卞军,付金华,孙粉锦.2010.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组层序地层格架研究-兼论陆表海沉积作用和早期成岩作用对相对海平面变化的响应[J].地层学杂志,34(2):145-153.
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王千遥,冯乔,王太元.2014.基于沉积微相的野外露头剖面准层序分析-以鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系临汾晋王坟剖面马家沟组为例[J].沉积与特提斯地质,34(2):18-28.
吴兴宁,孙六一,于洲.2015.鄂尔多斯盆地西部奥陶纪岩相古地理特征[J].岩性油气藏,27(6):87-96.
肖彬,何幼斌,罗进雄.2014.内蒙古桌子山中奥陶统拉什仲组深水水道沉积[J].地质论评,60(2):321-331.
解国爱,张庆龙,郭令智.2003.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘和南缘古生代前陆盆地及中央古隆起成因与油气分布[J].石油学报,24(2):18-29.
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张进,李锦轶,刘建峰.2012.早古生代阿拉善地块与华北地块之间的关系:来自阿拉善东缘中奥陶统碎屑锆石的信息[J].岩石学报,28(9):2912-2934.
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高振中,罗顺社,何幼斌.1995.鄂尔多斯地区西缘中奥陶世等深流沉积[J].沉积学报,13(4):16-26.
郭彦如,赵振宇,付金华.2012.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶纪层序岩相古地理[J].石油学报,33(增刊2):95-109.
郭彦如,赵振宇,徐旺林.2014.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系层序地层格架[J]沉积学报,32(1):44-60.
韩品龙,张月巧,冯乔.2009.鄂尔多斯盆地祁连海域奥陶纪岩相古地理特征与演化[J].现代地质,23(5):822-829.
何幼斌,高振中,罗顺社.1998.等深流沉积的特征及其鉴别标志[J].江汉石油学院学报,20(4):1-6.
姜在兴,赵澄林,熊继辉.1989.皖中下志留统的等深积岩及期地质意义[J].科学通报,34(20):1575-1576.
晋慧娟,孙明良,李育慈.2004.内蒙古桌子山中奥陶统的“特殊”浊积岩系[J].沉积学报,23(1):34-40.
雷卞军,付金华,孙粉锦.2010.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组层序地层格架研究-兼论陆表海沉积作用和早期成岩作用对相对海平面变化的响应[J].地层学杂志,34(2):145-153.
李日辉.1994.桌子山中奥陶统公乌素组等积岩的确认及沉积环境[J].石油天然气地质,15(3):235-240.
李向东,阙易,郇雅棋.2017.桌子山中奥陶统克里摩里组下段薄层状石灰岩垂向序列分析[J].地球科学进展,32(3):276-291.
李向东,郇雅棋.2017.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘桌子山奥陶系深水条纹条带状泥岩等深流成因分析[J].古地理学报(中文版),19(6):987-997.
刘宝珺,许效松,梁仁枝.1990.湘西黔东寒武纪等深流沉积[J].矿物岩石,10(4):43-47.
刘健.1993.等深流与等深流沉积[J].地质科技情报,12(3):45-50.
马占荣,白海峰,刘宝宪.2013.鄂尔多斯西部地区中-晚奥陶世克里摩里期-乌拉力克期岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,15(6):751-764.
苏中堂,陈洪德,欧阳征健.2012.鄂尔多斯地区马家沟组层序岩相古地理特征[J].中国地质,39(3):623-633.
王起琮,闫佐,宁博.2016.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组豹皮灰岩特征及其成因[J].古地理学报,18(1):39-48.
王千遥,冯乔,王太元.2014.基于沉积微相的野外露头剖面准层序分析-以鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系临汾晋王坟剖面马家沟组为例[J].沉积与特提斯地质,34(2):18-28.
吴兴宁,孙六一,于洲.2015.鄂尔多斯盆地西部奥陶纪岩相古地理特征[J].岩性油气藏,27(6):87-96.
肖彬,何幼斌,罗进雄.2014.内蒙古桌子山中奥陶统拉什仲组深水水道沉积[J].地质论评,60(2):321-331.
解国爱,张庆龙,郭令智.2003.鄂尔多斯盆地西缘和南缘古生代前陆盆地及中央古隆起成因与油气分布[J].石油学报,24(2):18-29.
许淑梅,冯怀伟,李三忠.2016.贺兰山及周边地区加里东运动研究[J].岩石学报,32(7):2137-2150.
张进,李锦轶,刘建峰.2012.早古生代阿拉善地块与华北地块之间的关系:来自阿拉善东缘中奥陶统碎屑锆石的信息[J].岩石学报,28(9):2912-2934.
Azmy K,Brand U,Sylvester P,et al.2011.Biogenic and abiogenic low-Mg calcite(b LMC and a LMC):evaluation of seawater-REE composition,water masses and carbonate diagenesis[J].Chemical Geology,280(1-2):180-190.
Bozzano G,Violante R A and Cerredo M E.2011.Middle slope contourite deposits and associated sedimentary facies off NE Argentina[J].Geo-Marine Letters,31(5-6):495-507.
Chiarella D and Longhitano S G.2012.Distinguishing depositional environments in shallow-water mixed,bio-siliciclastic deposits on the basis of the degree of heterolithic segregation(Gelasian,Southern Italy)[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,82(12):969-990.
Dall’olio E,Felletti F and Muttoni G.2013.Magnetic-fabric analysis as a tool to constrain mechanisms of deep-water mudstone deposition in the Marnoso Arenacea Formation(Miocene,Italy)[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,83(2):170-182.
Faugeres J C and Stow D A V.1993.Bottom-current-controlled sedimentation:a synthesis of the contourite problem[J].Sedimentary Geology,82(1-4):287-297.
Gao Z,Eriksson K A,He Y,et al.1998.Deep-water traction current deposits-A study of internal tides,internal waves,contour currents and their deposits[J].Science Press,Beijing,New York,57-119.
Gomez F J and Astini R A.2015.Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy from a mixed(carbonate-siliciclastic)rift to passive margin transition:The early to middle Cambrian of the Argentine Precordillera[J].Sedimentary Geology,316:39-61.
Heezen B C,Hollister C D and Ruddiman W F.1966.Shaping of the continental rise by deep geostrophic contour currents[J].Science,152(3721):502-508.
Hernández-Molina F J,Llave E,Stow D A V,et al.2006.The contourite depositional system of the Gulf of Cádiz:A sedimentary model related to the bottom current activity of the Mediterranean outflow water and its interaction with the continental margin[J].Deep-Sea ResearchⅡ,53(11-13):1420-1463.
Hernández-Molina F J,Hodell D A,Stow D A V,et al.2016.IODP Expedition339-The Mediterranean outflow.Marine geology&global and planetary change[J].http://www.journals.elsevier.com/global-and-planetarychange/news/article-collection-iodp-expedition-339.
Hesse R.1975.Turbiditic and non-turbiditic mudstone of Cretaceous flysch sections of the East Alps and other basins[J].Sedimentology,22(3):387-416.
Hersi O S,Abbasi I A and Al-Harthy A.2016.Sedimentology,rhythmicity and basin-fill architecture of a carbonate ramp depositional system with intermittent terrigenous influx:The Albian Kharfot Formation of the Jeza-Qamar Basin,Dhofar,Southern Oman[J].Sedimentary Geology,331:114-131.
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