南方典型稻区稻米镉累积量的预测模型研究
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摘要
为了更好地指导镉污染稻田土壤修复、管控稻米镉风险,本文以我国镉污染风险较大的南方稻田为研究对象,基于土壤与稻米配对样品,分析稻米镉含量与土壤理化因子的相关关系,并通过逐步回归分析,建立稻米镉累积量的预测模型。结果表明,我国南方稻区稻米镉累积量主要取决于土壤有效态镉含量而非全镉含量,有效铁、有效锰及有机质含量也是影响稻米镉含量的重要因素;在不考虑水稻品种条件下,采用土壤有效态镉含量、有效锰、有效铁及有机质可较好预测稻米镉积累量,模型的预测能力达到极显著水平(P<0.001),决定系数(R2)为0.52;针对常规稻和杂交稻,以上述4个土壤因子分别建立的模型也可实现较好预测(P<0.001),R2分别为0.47和0.67。
Cadmium(Cd)pollution in paddy soil is an increasingly serious problem in southern China. Establishing a prediction model for the accumulation of Cd in paddy rice is of great significance to guide the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soils and control the risk of Cd pollution. To construct simulation models of Cd accumulation in paddy rice for southern China, 90 pairs of soil and brown rice samples were collected from typical paddy fields in Hunan Province. The concentrations of Cd in brown rice, total Cd, CaCl2 extractable Cd in soil,and basic soil properties were determined. Further, the relationships between Cd concentration in rice and soil properties were analyzed using correlation analysis and stepwise regression. The results indicated that the concentrations of Cd in brown rice were mainly related to the available Cd content rather than the total Cd content in paddy soils. Moreover, the presence of available iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), and organic matter in soil, and the varieties of paddy rice also played important roles in Cd accumulation in brown rice. The simulation model of Cd accumulation in brown rice based on available Cd, Mn, Fe, and organic matter in soils showed high accuracy(P<0.001, R2=0.52)independent of rice variety. Furthermore, simulation models based on the above four soil factors could also predict the accumulation of Cd in conventional rice varieties(P<0.001, R2=0.47)and hybrid rice varieties(P<0.001, R2=0.67).
Cadmium(Cd)pollution in paddy soil is an increasingly serious problem in southern China. Establishing a prediction model for the accumulation of Cd in paddy rice is of great significance to guide the remediation of Cd-contaminated paddy soils and control the risk of Cd pollution. To construct simulation models of Cd accumulation in paddy rice for southern China, 90 pairs of soil and brown rice samples were collected from typical paddy fields in Hunan Province. The concentrations of Cd in brown rice, total Cd, CaCl2 extractable Cd in soil,and basic soil properties were determined. Further, the relationships between Cd concentration in rice and soil properties were analyzed using correlation analysis and stepwise regression. The results indicated that the concentrations of Cd in brown rice were mainly related to the available Cd content rather than the total Cd content in paddy soils. Moreover, the presence of available iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), and organic matter in soil, and the varieties of paddy rice also played important roles in Cd accumulation in brown rice. The simulation model of Cd accumulation in brown rice based on available Cd, Mn, Fe, and organic matter in soils showed high accuracy(P<0.001, R2=0.52)independent of rice variety. Furthermore, simulation models based on the above four soil factors could also predict the accumulation of Cd in conventional rice varieties(P<0.001, R2=0.47)and hybrid rice varieties(P<0.001, R2=0.67).
引文
[1]中华人民共和国环境保护部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[EB/OL].[2014-04-17]. http://www. zhb. gov. cn/gkml/hbb/qt/201404/t20140417_270670. htm.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People′s Republic of China. Report on the national general survey of soil contamination[EB/OL].[2014-04-17]. http://www. zhb. gov. cn/gkml/hbb/qt/201404/t20140417_270670. htm.
[2] Li W L, Xu B B, Song Q J, et al. The identification of‘hotspots’of heavy metal pollution in soil-rice systems at a regional scale in eastern China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 472:407-420.
[3] R?mkens P F, Brus D J, Guo H Y, et al. Impact of model uncertainty on soil quality standards for cadmium in rice paddy fields[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2011, 409(17):3098-3105.
[4] Li J R, Xu Y M. Immobilization of Cd in paddy soil using moisture management and amendment[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015, 22(7):5580-5586.
[5] Ding C F, Zhang T L, Li X G, et al. Major controlling factors and prediction models for mercury transfer from soil to carrot[J]. Journal of Soils&Sediments, 2014, 14(6):1136-1146.
[6] R?mkens P, Guo H Y, Chu C L, et al. Prediction of cadmium uptake by brown rice and derivation of soil-plant transfer models to improve soil protection guidelines[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157(8):2435-2444.
[7]郑宏艳,姚秀荣,侯彦林,等.中国土壤模式-作物系统重金属生物富集模型建立[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(2):257-265.ZHENG Hong-yan, YAO Xiu-rong, HOU Yan-lin, et al. Establishment of heavy metal bioaccumulation model of soil pattern-crop system in China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(2):257-265.
[8]熊婕,朱奇宏,黄道友,等.南方稻田土壤有效态镉提取方法研究[J].农业现代化研究, 2018, 39(1):170-177.XIONG Jie, ZHU Qi-hong, HUANG Dao-you, et al. Comparison of single extraction methods for assessing Cd availability in paddy soils in South China[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2018, 39(1):170-177.
[9] Smilde K W, Luit B V, Driel W V. The extraction by soil and absorption by plants of applied zinc and cadmium[J]. Plant and Soil, 1992, 143(2):233-238.
[10] Simmons R W, Noble A D, Pongsakul P, et al. Analysis of field-moist Cd contaminated paddy soils during rice grain fill allows reliable prediction of grain Cd levels[J]. Plant&Soil, 2008, 302(1/2):125-137.
[11] Rafiq M T, Aziz R, Yang X, et al. Cadmium phytoavailability to rice(Oryza sativa L.)grown in representative Chinese soils. A model to improve soil environmental quality guidelines for food safety[J]. Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety, 2014, 103(1):101-107.
[12] Sebastian A, Prasad M N. Iron-and manganese-assisted cadmium tolerance in Oryza sativa L.:Lowering of rhizotoxicity next to functional photosynthesis[J]. Planta, 2015, 241(6):1519-1528.
[13]殷敬峰,李华兴,卢维盛,等.不同品种水稻糙米对Cd Cu Zn积累特性的研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2010, 29(5):844-850.YIN Jing-feng, LI Hua-xing, LU Wei-sheng, et al. Variations of Cd,Cu, Zn accumulation among rice cultivars[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2010, 29(5):844-850.
[14]蔡文涛,李贺祎,来利明,等.鄂尔多斯高原弃耕农田恢复过程中土壤物理性质和生物结皮的变化[J].应用生态学报, 2017, 28(3):829-837.CAI Wen-tao, LI He-yi, LAI Li-ming, et al. Dynamics of soil physical properties and biological soil crust during the vegetation restoration process of abandoned croplands in the Ordos Plateau, China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(3):829-837.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000.BAO Shi-dan. Agricultural chemistry analysis[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2000.
[16] Liang Z F, Ding Q, Wei D P, et al. Major controlling factors and predictions for cadmium transfer from the soil into spinach plants[J]. Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety, 2013, 93(4):180-185.
[17]中华人民共和国环保部. GB 15618—2018土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2018.Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC. GB 15618—2018. Environmental quality standard for soils[S]. Beijing:China Standards Press, 2018.
[18]杨阳,李艳玲,王美娥,等.湖南攸县稻米镉(Cd)富集特征及原因解析[J].环境科学学报, 2017, 37(4):1502-1507.YANG Yang, LI Yan-ling, WANG Mei-e, et al. Enrichment characteristics of cadmium in rice and its influence factor in the Youxian prefecture, Hunan Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017, 37(4):1502-1507.
[19]关天霞,何红波,张旭东,等.土壤中重金属元素形态分析方法及形态分布的影响因素[J].土壤通报, 2011, 42(2):503-512.GUAN Tian-xia, HE Hong-bo, ZHANG Xu-dong, et al. The methodology of fractionation analysis and the factors affecting the species of heavy metals in soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2011, 42(2):503-512.
[20]覃都,陈铭学,周蓉,等.锰-镉互作对水稻生长和植株镉、锰含量的影响[J].中国水稻科学, 2010, 24(2):189-195.QIN Du, CHEN Ming-xue, ZHOU Rong, et al. Effects of interaction between manganese and cadmium on plant growth and contents of cadmium and manganese in rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2010,24(2):189-195.
[21]尹晓辉,邹慧玲,方雅瑜,等.施锰方式对水稻吸收积累镉的影响研究[J].环境科学与技术, 2017, 40(8):8-12.YIN Xiao-hui, ZOU Hui-ling, FANG Ya-yu, et al. Effects of manganese fertilizer on absorption and accumulation of Cd in rice[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017, 40(8):8-12.
[22] McBride, Murray B. Cadmium uptake by crops estimated from soil total Cd and pH[J]. Soil Science, 2002, 167(1):62-67.
[23] Ding C F, Zhang T L, Wang X X, et al. Prediction model for cadmium transfer from soil to carrot(Daucus carota L.)and its application to derive soil thresholds for food safety[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013, 61(43):10273-10282.
[24]汤丽玲.作物吸收Cd的影响因素分析及籽实Cd含量的预测[J].农业环境科学学报, 2007, 26(2):699-703.TANG Li-ling. Effects of soil properties on crop Cd uptake and prediction of Cd concentration in grains[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2007, 26(2):699-703.
[25]刘杰,王强.基于回归分析的汉江汉中段水体重金属污染预测模型[J].陕西理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 33(3):89-92.LIU Jie, WANG Qiang. Prediction model of heavy metal pollution in Hanzhong section of Hanjiang river based on regression analysis[J].Journal of Shaanxi University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2017, 33(3):89-92.
[26]宋文恩,陈世宝.基于水稻根伸长的不同土壤中镉(Cd)毒性阈值(ECx)及预测模型[J].中国农业科学, 2014, 47(17):3434-3443.SONG Wen-en, CHEN Shi-bao. The toxicity thresholds(ECx)of cadmium(Cd)to rice cultivars as determined by root-elongation tests in soils and its predicted models[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(17):3434-3443.
[2] Li W L, Xu B B, Song Q J, et al. The identification of‘hotspots’of heavy metal pollution in soil-rice systems at a regional scale in eastern China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 472:407-420.
[3] R?mkens P F, Brus D J, Guo H Y, et al. Impact of model uncertainty on soil quality standards for cadmium in rice paddy fields[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2011, 409(17):3098-3105.
[4] Li J R, Xu Y M. Immobilization of Cd in paddy soil using moisture management and amendment[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2015, 22(7):5580-5586.
[5] Ding C F, Zhang T L, Li X G, et al. Major controlling factors and prediction models for mercury transfer from soil to carrot[J]. Journal of Soils&Sediments, 2014, 14(6):1136-1146.
[6] R?mkens P, Guo H Y, Chu C L, et al. Prediction of cadmium uptake by brown rice and derivation of soil-plant transfer models to improve soil protection guidelines[J]. Environmental Pollution, 2009, 157(8):2435-2444.
[7]郑宏艳,姚秀荣,侯彦林,等.中国土壤模式-作物系统重金属生物富集模型建立[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(2):257-265.ZHENG Hong-yan, YAO Xiu-rong, HOU Yan-lin, et al. Establishment of heavy metal bioaccumulation model of soil pattern-crop system in China[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(2):257-265.
[8]熊婕,朱奇宏,黄道友,等.南方稻田土壤有效态镉提取方法研究[J].农业现代化研究, 2018, 39(1):170-177.XIONG Jie, ZHU Qi-hong, HUANG Dao-you, et al. Comparison of single extraction methods for assessing Cd availability in paddy soils in South China[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2018, 39(1):170-177.
[9] Smilde K W, Luit B V, Driel W V. The extraction by soil and absorption by plants of applied zinc and cadmium[J]. Plant and Soil, 1992, 143(2):233-238.
[10] Simmons R W, Noble A D, Pongsakul P, et al. Analysis of field-moist Cd contaminated paddy soils during rice grain fill allows reliable prediction of grain Cd levels[J]. Plant&Soil, 2008, 302(1/2):125-137.
[11] Rafiq M T, Aziz R, Yang X, et al. Cadmium phytoavailability to rice(Oryza sativa L.)grown in representative Chinese soils. A model to improve soil environmental quality guidelines for food safety[J]. Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety, 2014, 103(1):101-107.
[12] Sebastian A, Prasad M N. Iron-and manganese-assisted cadmium tolerance in Oryza sativa L.:Lowering of rhizotoxicity next to functional photosynthesis[J]. Planta, 2015, 241(6):1519-1528.
[13]殷敬峰,李华兴,卢维盛,等.不同品种水稻糙米对Cd Cu Zn积累特性的研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2010, 29(5):844-850.YIN Jing-feng, LI Hua-xing, LU Wei-sheng, et al. Variations of Cd,Cu, Zn accumulation among rice cultivars[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2010, 29(5):844-850.
[14]蔡文涛,李贺祎,来利明,等.鄂尔多斯高原弃耕农田恢复过程中土壤物理性质和生物结皮的变化[J].应用生态学报, 2017, 28(3):829-837.CAI Wen-tao, LI He-yi, LAI Li-ming, et al. Dynamics of soil physical properties and biological soil crust during the vegetation restoration process of abandoned croplands in the Ordos Plateau, China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(3):829-837.
[15]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000.BAO Shi-dan. Agricultural chemistry analysis[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2000.
[16] Liang Z F, Ding Q, Wei D P, et al. Major controlling factors and predictions for cadmium transfer from the soil into spinach plants[J]. Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety, 2013, 93(4):180-185.
[17]中华人民共和国环保部. GB 15618—2018土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2018.Ministry of Environmental Protection of PRC. GB 15618—2018. Environmental quality standard for soils[S]. Beijing:China Standards Press, 2018.
[18]杨阳,李艳玲,王美娥,等.湖南攸县稻米镉(Cd)富集特征及原因解析[J].环境科学学报, 2017, 37(4):1502-1507.YANG Yang, LI Yan-ling, WANG Mei-e, et al. Enrichment characteristics of cadmium in rice and its influence factor in the Youxian prefecture, Hunan Province[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017, 37(4):1502-1507.
[19]关天霞,何红波,张旭东,等.土壤中重金属元素形态分析方法及形态分布的影响因素[J].土壤通报, 2011, 42(2):503-512.GUAN Tian-xia, HE Hong-bo, ZHANG Xu-dong, et al. The methodology of fractionation analysis and the factors affecting the species of heavy metals in soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2011, 42(2):503-512.
[20]覃都,陈铭学,周蓉,等.锰-镉互作对水稻生长和植株镉、锰含量的影响[J].中国水稻科学, 2010, 24(2):189-195.QIN Du, CHEN Ming-xue, ZHOU Rong, et al. Effects of interaction between manganese and cadmium on plant growth and contents of cadmium and manganese in rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2010,24(2):189-195.
[21]尹晓辉,邹慧玲,方雅瑜,等.施锰方式对水稻吸收积累镉的影响研究[J].环境科学与技术, 2017, 40(8):8-12.YIN Xiao-hui, ZOU Hui-ling, FANG Ya-yu, et al. Effects of manganese fertilizer on absorption and accumulation of Cd in rice[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2017, 40(8):8-12.
[22] McBride, Murray B. Cadmium uptake by crops estimated from soil total Cd and pH[J]. Soil Science, 2002, 167(1):62-67.
[23] Ding C F, Zhang T L, Wang X X, et al. Prediction model for cadmium transfer from soil to carrot(Daucus carota L.)and its application to derive soil thresholds for food safety[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2013, 61(43):10273-10282.
[24]汤丽玲.作物吸收Cd的影响因素分析及籽实Cd含量的预测[J].农业环境科学学报, 2007, 26(2):699-703.TANG Li-ling. Effects of soil properties on crop Cd uptake and prediction of Cd concentration in grains[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2007, 26(2):699-703.
[25]刘杰,王强.基于回归分析的汉江汉中段水体重金属污染预测模型[J].陕西理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 33(3):89-92.LIU Jie, WANG Qiang. Prediction model of heavy metal pollution in Hanzhong section of Hanjiang river based on regression analysis[J].Journal of Shaanxi University of Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2017, 33(3):89-92.
[26]宋文恩,陈世宝.基于水稻根伸长的不同土壤中镉(Cd)毒性阈值(ECx)及预测模型[J].中国农业科学, 2014, 47(17):3434-3443.SONG Wen-en, CHEN Shi-bao. The toxicity thresholds(ECx)of cadmium(Cd)to rice cultivars as determined by root-elongation tests in soils and its predicted models[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(17):3434-3443.