矿区周边土壤—稻米重金属污染特征及其关联性分析
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摘要
探究铅锌矿采选与冶炼区周边水田土壤与稻米中重金属含量及其关联性。以南方某铅锌冶炼企业周边水田土壤与稻米为研究对象,对水田土壤及对应稻米中Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni和Cu的含量进行了测定。采用综合污染指数法对土壤与稻米中的重金属污染程度进行了评价,结合相关性与富集因子,研究了水田土壤重金属与对应稻米中重金属的定量关系。结果表明:铅锌冶炼区周边水田土壤中仅Pb、Zn、Cd分别超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》(试行)(GB 15618-2018)标准1.03、2.24、16.34倍,但土壤上种植的稻米中各重金属元素含量均未超标;综合污染指数评价结果显示,土壤中6重金属元素的综合污染指数为11.82,属于重污染等级,主要污染因子为Cd,而对应稻米中Cd、Pb与Cr的综合污染等级为安全;富集系数表明,稻米中Pb存在一定的富集情况,其它重金属元素的富集因子均小于1,无明显富集;土壤中Pb含量与稻米中Pb含量线性拟合模型的相关性系数为0.96,表明研究区土壤中Pb含量与对应稻米中的Pb含量符合线性模型,可以较好地预测研究区稻米中的Pb含量。
To explore the heavy metal content in paddy soil and rice around lead-zinc mining and smelting area and its correlation. Taking paddy soil and rice around a lead-zinc smelting enterprise in the south as the research object, the contents of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Cu in paddy soil and corresponding rice were determined. The pollution degree of heavy metals in soil and rice was evaluated by comprehensive pollution index method. The quantitative relationship between heavy metals in paddy soil and corresponding rice was studied by combining correlation and enrichment factors. The results showed that only Pb, Zn and Cd in paddy soil around the lead-zinc smelting area exceeded the "Standard for Risk Control of Soil Pollution in Agricultural Land of Soil Environmental Quality"(trial implementation)(GB 15618-2018) 1.03, 2.24 and 16.34 times respectively, but the contents of heavy metals in rice grown on the soil did not exceed the standard. The results of comprehensive pollution index evaluation showed that the comprehensive pollution index of 6 heavy metals such as Pb and Zn in soil was 11.82, which belonged to heavy pollution grade. The main pollution factor was Cd, while the comprehensive pollution grade of Cd, Pb and Cr in rice was safe. The enrichment coefficient showed that there was a certain enrichment of Pb in rice. The enrichment factors of other heavy metals were less than 1, and there was no obvious enrichment. The correlation coefficient of linear fitting model between Pb content in soil and Pb content in rice is 0.96, which indicates that the linear model between Pb content in soil and Pb content in corresponding rice in the study area can be used to predict the Pb content in rice in the study area.
To explore the heavy metal content in paddy soil and rice around lead-zinc mining and smelting area and its correlation. Taking paddy soil and rice around a lead-zinc smelting enterprise in the south as the research object, the contents of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Cu in paddy soil and corresponding rice were determined. The pollution degree of heavy metals in soil and rice was evaluated by comprehensive pollution index method. The quantitative relationship between heavy metals in paddy soil and corresponding rice was studied by combining correlation and enrichment factors. The results showed that only Pb, Zn and Cd in paddy soil around the lead-zinc smelting area exceeded the "Standard for Risk Control of Soil Pollution in Agricultural Land of Soil Environmental Quality"(trial implementation)(GB 15618-2018) 1.03, 2.24 and 16.34 times respectively, but the contents of heavy metals in rice grown on the soil did not exceed the standard. The results of comprehensive pollution index evaluation showed that the comprehensive pollution index of 6 heavy metals such as Pb and Zn in soil was 11.82, which belonged to heavy pollution grade. The main pollution factor was Cd, while the comprehensive pollution grade of Cd, Pb and Cr in rice was safe. The enrichment coefficient showed that there was a certain enrichment of Pb in rice. The enrichment factors of other heavy metals were less than 1, and there was no obvious enrichment. The correlation coefficient of linear fitting model between Pb content in soil and Pb content in rice is 0.96, which indicates that the linear model between Pb content in soil and Pb content in corresponding rice in the study area can be used to predict the Pb content in rice in the study area.
引文
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[9]包丹丹,李恋卿,潘根兴,等.苏南某冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属分布及风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(8):1546-1552.
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[12]蒋逸骏,胡雪峰,舒颖,等.湘北某镇农田土壤―水稻系统重金属累积和稻米食用安全研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):410-420.
[13]张良运,李恋卿,潘根兴.南方典型产地大米Cd、Zn、Se含量变异及其健康风险探讨[J].环境科学,2009,30(9):2792-2797.
[14]杨胜香,田启建,梁士楚,等.湘西花垣矿区主要植物种类及优势植物重金属蓄积特征[J].环境科学,2012,33(6):2038-2045.
[15]杨胜香,袁志忠,李朝阳,等.湘西花垣矿区土壤重金属污染及其生物有效性[J].环境科学,2012,33(5):1718-1724.
[16]杨胜香,易浪波,刘佳,等.湘西花垣矿区蔬菜重金属污染现状及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(1):17-23.
[17]聂紫萌,许云海.饮用水水源地周边土壤环境质量监测与评价--以岳阳铁山水库为例[J].湖南农业科学,2018(6):49-55.
[18]GB 15618-2018,土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[S].
[19]GB 2762-2017,食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S].
[20]张海涛,石雪芳,刘亚斌,等.湘西花垣河花垣镇地段水体污染特征及来源解析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(5):329-336.
[21]郭鹏然,雷永乾,周巧丽,等.电镀厂周边环境中重金属分布特征及人体健康暴露风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3447-3456.
[22]WILDING L P.Spatial variability:its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil surveys[A].Soil spatial ariability.Workshop.1985:166-194.
[23]潘根兴,Andrew C.Chang,Albert L.Page.土壤-作物污染物迁移分配与食物安全的评价模型及其应用[J].应用生态学报,2002(7):854-858.
[24]沈体忠,朱明祥,肖杰.天门市土壤-水稻系统重金属迁移积累特征及其健康风险评估[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):221-226.
[25]莫争,王春霞,陈琴,等.重金属Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cd在水稻植株中的富集和分布[J].环境化学,2002(2):110-116.
[2]Zheng N,Wang Q C,Zheng D M.Health risk of Hg,Pb,Cd,Zn,and Cu to the inhabitants around Huludao Zinc Plant in China via consumption of vegetables[J].Science of the Total Environment,2007,383:81-89.
[3]王玉军,刘存,周东美,等.客观地看待我国耕地土壤环境质量的现状--关于《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》中有关问题的讨论和建议[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(8):1465-1473.
[4]邢宏霖,龙睿,伍钢.南方铅锌冶炼企业周边土壤重金属污染研究[J].湖南农业科学,2018(8):51-55.
[5]吴迪,杨秀珍,李存雄,等.贵州典型铅锌矿区水稻土壤和水稻中重金属含量及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2013,32(10):1992-1998.
[6]刘芳,王书肖,吴清茹,等.大型炼锌厂周边土壤及蔬菜的汞污染评价及来源分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(2):712-717.
[7]张海涛,刘亚宾,许云海,等.湘西某县兴银锰业周边土壤重金属污染评价及优势植物蓄积特征[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(9):1003-1009.
[8]杨晶,赵云利,甄泉,等.某污灌区土壤与蔬菜重金属污染状况及健康风险评价[J].生态与农村环境学报,2014,30(2):234-238.
[9]包丹丹,李恋卿,潘根兴,等.苏南某冶炼厂周边农田土壤重金属分布及风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(8):1546-1552.
[10]张晶晶,马传明,匡恒,等.青岛市土壤重金属污染的物元可拓评价[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(2):661-668.
[11]王硕,罗杰,蔡立梅,等.土壤-水稻系统中重金属的富集特征及对土壤元素标准限的判定[J].环境化学,2018,37(7):1508-1514.
[12]蒋逸骏,胡雪峰,舒颖,等.湘北某镇农田土壤―水稻系统重金属累积和稻米食用安全研究[J].土壤学报,2017,54(2):410-420.
[13]张良运,李恋卿,潘根兴.南方典型产地大米Cd、Zn、Se含量变异及其健康风险探讨[J].环境科学,2009,30(9):2792-2797.
[14]杨胜香,田启建,梁士楚,等.湘西花垣矿区主要植物种类及优势植物重金属蓄积特征[J].环境科学,2012,33(6):2038-2045.
[15]杨胜香,袁志忠,李朝阳,等.湘西花垣矿区土壤重金属污染及其生物有效性[J].环境科学,2012,33(5):1718-1724.
[16]杨胜香,易浪波,刘佳,等.湘西花垣矿区蔬菜重金属污染现状及健康风险评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(1):17-23.
[17]聂紫萌,许云海.饮用水水源地周边土壤环境质量监测与评价--以岳阳铁山水库为例[J].湖南农业科学,2018(6):49-55.
[18]GB 15618-2018,土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)[S].
[19]GB 2762-2017,食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量[S].
[20]张海涛,石雪芳,刘亚斌,等.湘西花垣河花垣镇地段水体污染特征及来源解析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(5):329-336.
[21]郭鹏然,雷永乾,周巧丽,等.电镀厂周边环境中重金属分布特征及人体健康暴露风险评价[J].环境科学,2015,36(9):3447-3456.
[22]WILDING L P.Spatial variability:its documentation,accommodation and implication to soil surveys[A].Soil spatial ariability.Workshop.1985:166-194.
[23]潘根兴,Andrew C.Chang,Albert L.Page.土壤-作物污染物迁移分配与食物安全的评价模型及其应用[J].应用生态学报,2002(7):854-858.
[24]沈体忠,朱明祥,肖杰.天门市土壤-水稻系统重金属迁移积累特征及其健康风险评估[J].土壤通报,2014,45(1):221-226.
[25]莫争,王春霞,陈琴,等.重金属Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cd在水稻植株中的富集和分布[J].环境化学,2002(2):110-116.