柴北缘锡铁山花岗斑岩锆石U—Pb年代学、地球化学及Hf同位素
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摘要
对锡铁山北东侧的花岗斑岩体进行锆石U—Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及Hf同位素研究。通过LA—ICP—MS锆石U—Pb同位素测年,获得花岗斑岩的成岩年龄为373. 9±2. 2 Ma (MSWD=0. 069),属于晚泥盆世岩浆活动的产物。岩石地球化学特征显示岩石富硅(SiO_2=76. 33%～76. 99%)和碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7. 28%～8. 19%),低钙(CaO=0. 58%～0. 75%)、镁(MgO=0. 20%～0. 31%)和Mg~#值(Mg~#=23. 29～30. 17),A/CNK介于0. 97～0. 98,属于准铝质钙碱性岩石系列。岩石相对富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti、P等高场强元素及Ba、Sr等部分大离子亲石元素。稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,轻稀土元素分馏明显,重稀土元素分馏较弱,且相对富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素,显示明显的负Eu异常(δEu=0. 36～0. 43)。锆石Hf同位素ε_(Hf)(t)比值为+6. 6～+9. 6,二阶段模式年龄T_(DM2)为760～950 Ma。综合岩石地球化学及同位素的研究表明,锡铁山花岗斑岩为高分异的I型花岗岩,岩浆源区主要为起源亏损地幔的新元古代新生地壳物质的部分熔融。结合区域构造背景和前人研究成果,认为本文锡铁山花岗斑岩形成于柴达木地块与祁连地块碰撞后伸展的大地构造环境。
The U—Pb chronology,geochemistry and Hf isotopic data of granite porphyry in the northeast Xitieshan area were studied. The results of zircon U—Pb geochronology and geochemical data for the granite porphyry show that the weighted mean age of the rock is 373. 9 ± 2. 2 Ma( MSWD = 0. 069),suggesting that the intrusion was emplaced in Late Devonian. Petrogeochemically,the granites are characterized by high content of SiO_2( 76. 33% ～ 76. 99%) and( K_2O + Na_2O)( 7. 28% ～ 8. 19%),low content of CaO( 0. 58% ～ 0. 75%),MgO( 0. 20% ～ 0. 31%) and Mg~#( 23. 29 ～ 30. 17). The aluminum saturation index( A/CNK) is 0. 97 ～ 0. 98,belonging to metaluminous calc-alkaline rock series. The samples are enriched in large ion elements( Rb,Th,U),depleted in high field strength elements( Nb,Ta,Ti,P) and partial large ion elements( Ba,Sr). In the REE distribution patterns,the samples show a right inclined LREE/HREE pattern. The fractionation of LREE is obvious,while the fractionation of HREE is weak. And the granite porphyry is rich in LREE and poor in HREE,with obviously negative Eu anomalies( δEu = 0. 36～0. 43). The ε_(Hf)( t) values of the granite porphyry range from + 6. 6 to + 9. 6,and two-stage Hf model ages( T_(DM2)) range from 760 to 950 Ma. Integrating the study of geochemistry and isotopes,the granitic rocks belong to highly fractionated I-type granites,and the magma was originated from the partial melting of Neoproterozoic juvenile accreted lower crust that was derived from the depleted mantle.Combining with the regional tectonic background and previous research,it is concluded that the granite porphyry from Xitieshan were formed in extensional tectonic setting after the collision between Qaidam block and Qilian block.
The U—Pb chronology,geochemistry and Hf isotopic data of granite porphyry in the northeast Xitieshan area were studied. The results of zircon U—Pb geochronology and geochemical data for the granite porphyry show that the weighted mean age of the rock is 373. 9 ± 2. 2 Ma( MSWD = 0. 069),suggesting that the intrusion was emplaced in Late Devonian. Petrogeochemically,the granites are characterized by high content of SiO_2( 76. 33% ～ 76. 99%) and( K_2O + Na_2O)( 7. 28% ～ 8. 19%),low content of CaO( 0. 58% ～ 0. 75%),MgO( 0. 20% ～ 0. 31%) and Mg~#( 23. 29 ～ 30. 17). The aluminum saturation index( A/CNK) is 0. 97 ～ 0. 98,belonging to metaluminous calc-alkaline rock series. The samples are enriched in large ion elements( Rb,Th,U),depleted in high field strength elements( Nb,Ta,Ti,P) and partial large ion elements( Ba,Sr). In the REE distribution patterns,the samples show a right inclined LREE/HREE pattern. The fractionation of LREE is obvious,while the fractionation of HREE is weak. And the granite porphyry is rich in LREE and poor in HREE,with obviously negative Eu anomalies( δEu = 0. 36～0. 43). The ε_(Hf)( t) values of the granite porphyry range from + 6. 6 to + 9. 6,and two-stage Hf model ages( T_(DM2)) range from 760 to 950 Ma. Integrating the study of geochemistry and isotopes,the granitic rocks belong to highly fractionated I-type granites,and the magma was originated from the partial melting of Neoproterozoic juvenile accreted lower crust that was derived from the depleted mantle.Combining with the regional tectonic background and previous research,it is concluded that the granite porphyry from Xitieshan were formed in extensional tectonic setting after the collision between Qaidam block and Qilian block.
引文
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[3]汪劲草,彭恩生,孙振家.青海锡铁山铅锌矿床喷流沉积后的构造再造过程[J].大地构造与成矿学,2000,24(2):163-169.WANG Jin-cao,PENG En-sheng,SUN Zhen-jia.Tectonic reconstruction of the Xitieshan Pb--Zn deposit after spout sedimentation,Qinghai Province[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2000,24(2):163-169.
[4]邓达文,孔华,奚小双.青海锡铁山热水沉积型铅锌矿床的地球化学特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2003,22(4):310-313.DENG Da-wen,KONG Hua,XI Xiao-shuang.Geochemistry of the hydrothermal sedimentary Xitieshan Pb--Zn deposit,Qinghai Province[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2003,22(4):310-313.
[5]张德全,王富春,李大新,等.柴北缘地区的两类块状硫化物矿床:Ⅰ.锡铁山式SEDEX型铅锌矿床[J].矿床地质,2005,24(5):4-13.ZHANG De-quan,WANG Fu-chun,LI Da-xin,et al.Two types of massive sulfide deposits on northern margin of Qaidam Basin,Qinghai Province:I.Xitieshan style SEDEX lead-zinc deposits[J].Mineral Deposits,2005,24(5):4-13.
[6]宋忠宝,张雨莲,张照伟,等.青海锡铁山铅锌矿的成因讨论[J].西北地质,2012,45(1):134-139.SONG Zhong-bao,ZHANG Yu-lian,ZHANG Zhao-wei,et al.Genetic discussion of Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit in Qinghai Province[J].Northwestern Geology,2012,45(1):134-139.
[7]祝新友,邓吉牛,王京彬,等.锡铁山矿床两类喷流沉积成因的铅锌矿体研究[J].矿床地质,2006,25(3):252-262.ZHU Xin-you,DENG Ji-niu,WANG Jing-bin,et al.Study of two types of ore bodies in Xitieshan lead-zinc SEDEX deposit,Qinghai Province[J].Mineral Deposits,2006,25(3):252-262.
[8]祝新友,邓吉牛,王京彬,等.锡铁山铅锌矿床网脉状蚀变管道相的识别与研究[J].地球化学,2007,36(1):37-48.ZHU Xin-you,DENG Ji-niu,WANG Jing-bin,et al.Identification and study of stock work altered pipe of Xitieshan lead-zinc deposit,Qinghai Province[J].Geochimica,2007,36(1):37-48.
[9]冯志兴,孙华山,吴冠斌,等.青海锡铁山铅锌矿床类型刍议[J].地质论评,2010,56(4):501-512.FENG Zhi-xing,SUN Hua-shan,WU Guan-bin,et al.Adiscussion on type of the Xitieshan Pb-Zn ore deposit,Qinghai[J].Geological Review,2010,56(4):501-512.
[10]祝新友,王莉娟,朱谷昌,等.锡铁山SEDEX铅锌矿床成矿物质来源研究:铅同位素地球化学证据[J].中国地质,2010,37(6):1682-1689.ZHU Xin-you,WANG Li-juan,ZHU Gu-chang,et al.The genesis of the Xitieshan SEDEX lead-zinc deposit in Qinghai Province:lead isotope evidence[J].Geology in China,2010,37(6):1682-1689.
[11]宋述光,张聪,李献华,等.柴北缘超高压带中锡铁山榴辉岩的变质时代[J].岩石学报,2011,27(4):1191-1197.SONG Shu-guang,ZHANG Cong,LI Xian-hua,et al.HP/UHP metamorphic time of eclogite in the Xitieshan terrane,North Qaidam UHPM belt,NW China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(4):1191-1197.
[12]胡荣国,邱华宁,Jan R.WIJBRANS,等.柴北缘锡铁山花岗质片麻岩深熔作用年代和冷却历史:来自浅色体40Ar/39Ar年代学证据[J].大地构造与成矿学,2016,40(1):125-135.HU Rong-guo,QIU Hua-ning,Jan R.WIJBRANS,et al.Anatexis and cooling history of granitic gneiss in the Xitieshan terrane,North Qaidam:Evidence from40Ar/39Ar geochronological study of leucosome[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2016,40(1):125-135.
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