东北亚地区电离层ELF/VLF电场的动态背景场研究
|
摘要
利用2005年1月—2009年12月DEMETER卫星观测的极低频/甚低频(ELF/VLF)40 Hz～6 kHz频段的电场功率谱密度数据,对空间天气平静期间(D_(st)>-30 nT,K_p<3)东北亚地区(105°E—145°E;38°N—58°N)电离层电场背景场变化特征进行统计研究.研究发现夜侧不同年份的相同月份、相同频段的电场分布特征有较高相似度,昼侧相似度不如夜侧;不同年份的相同月份、相同频段昼侧背景场和夜侧背景场强度变化范围均较为一致,从2005年开始东北亚地区的ELF/VLF频段的电场强度呈现逐年递减的趋势;夜侧电场背景场具有季节变化特征:背景场强度变化从强到弱分别是夏季、冬季、春季和秋季,昼侧电场季节变化规律则不明显;电场背景场除371～879 Hz这个频段外,其他频段夜侧强度均强于昼侧强度.
The power spectrum density data of the electric field in the ELF/VLF frequency band(40 Hz～6 kHz) recorded by the microsatellite DEMETER from January 2005 to February 2009 is utilized to carry out statistical analysis about the evolutional characteristics of the electric background field in ionosphere with geomagnetic active indexes D_(st)>-30 nT and K_p<3 in Northeast Asia region(105°E—145°E;38°N—58°N). The analysis shows spatial distributions of the nightside electric field in the same month of different years and in the same frequency band have good similarity, and the similarity of dayside is not as good as that of nightside; The intensity range of both dayside and nightside background is consistent in the same month of different years and in the same frequency band, and the electric field intensity in the ELF/VLF frequency band is decreasing year by year from 2005 in Northeast Asia; The nightside background field has seasonal variation characteristics, and the summer is strongest and then from strong to weak are winter, spring and autumn. And the seasonal variation of dayside electric field is not obvious; The frequency band intensity analyzed of the nightside background field is stronger than that of the dayside background field except the band(371～879 Hz).
The power spectrum density data of the electric field in the ELF/VLF frequency band(40 Hz～6 kHz) recorded by the microsatellite DEMETER from January 2005 to February 2009 is utilized to carry out statistical analysis about the evolutional characteristics of the electric background field in ionosphere with geomagnetic active indexes D_(st)>-30 nT and K_p<3 in Northeast Asia region(105°E—145°E;38°N—58°N). The analysis shows spatial distributions of the nightside electric field in the same month of different years and in the same frequency band have good similarity, and the similarity of dayside is not as good as that of nightside; The intensity range of both dayside and nightside background is consistent in the same month of different years and in the same frequency band, and the electric field intensity in the ELF/VLF frequency band is decreasing year by year from 2005 in Northeast Asia; The nightside background field has seasonal variation characteristics, and the summer is strongest and then from strong to weak are winter, spring and autumn. And the seasonal variation of dayside electric field is not obvious; The frequency band intensity analyzed of the nightside background field is stronger than that of the dayside background field except the band(371～879 Hz).
引文
Akhoondzadeh M, Parrot M, Saradjian M R. 2010. Electron and ion density variations before strong earthquakes (M>6.0) using DEMETER and GPS data [J]. Nat. Hazards and Earth Syst. Sci., 10(1): 7-18.
Cao J B, Yang J Y, Yuan S G, et al. 2009. In-flight observations of electromagnetic interferences emitted by satellite[J]. Sci. China Ser. E-Tech. Sci. (in Chinese). 39(9): 1544-2118.
Davis K, Barker D M. 1965. Ionospheric effects observed around the time of the Alaskan earthquake of March 28, 1964 [J].J. Geophys Res., 70(9): 2551-2553.
Green J L, Boardsen S, Garcia L, et al. 2005. On the origin of Whistler mode radiation in the plasmasphere [J]. J. Geophys Res., 110(A3): A03201.
He Y F, Yang D M, Chen H R, et al. 2009. SNR changes of VLF radio signals detected onboard the DEMETER satellite and their possible relationship to the Wenchuan earthquake [J]. Science in China (Series D) (in Chinese), 39(4): 403-412.
Li L Y, Yang J Y, Cao J B, et al. 2011. Statistical backgrounds of topside-ionospheric electron density and temperature and their variations during geomagnetic activity [J]. Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese), 54(10): 2437-2444.
Lu L, Yang J Y, Cao J B, et al. 2011. Observational characteristics of ionospheric magnetic VLF wave in the solar minimum year [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 54(6): 1403-1420.
Němec F, Santolík O, Parrot M, et al. 2008. Spacecraft observations of electromagnetic perturbations connected with seismic activity [J]. Geophys Res. Lett., 35(5): L05109, doi:10.1029/2007GL032517.
Parrot M, Berthelier J J, Lebreton J P, et al. 2006. Examples of unusual ionospheric observations made by the DEMETER satellite over seismic regions [J]. Phys. Chem of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 31(4-9): 486-495.
Parrot M, Lefeuvre F. 1985. Correlation between GEOS VLF emissions and earthquakes [J]. Ann Geophys, 3(6): 737-747.
Rozhnoi A, Solovieva M, Molchanov O, et al. 2010. Variations of VLF/ LF signals observed on the ground and satellite during a seismic activity in Japan region in May—June 2008 [J]. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10(3): 529-534.
Shen X H, Wang L W, Wu Y, et al. 2011. Development planning framework and progress of the three-dimensional seismic observation system for the space segment Satellite application [J]. Satellite Application (in Chinese), 6: 9-15.
Wang J L, Gong J C, Tong J Z, et al. 2011. Have the maximum of the solar cycle 23 been appeared?[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 46(11): 898-901.
Xu S X. 2009. Earthquake and satellite:An Introduction [J]. Earthquake (in Chinese), 29(Suppl.): preface.
Xu W Y. 2003. Geomagnetism (in Chinese) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press.
Yao Li, Chen Huaran, Liu Xiaocan, et al. 2011. The global characteristics of VLF electric field frequency spectrum in ionosphere [J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research (in Chinese), 32(4): 27-34.
Zeng Z C, Zhang B, Fang G Y, et al. 2009. The analysis of ionospheric variations before Wenchuan earthquake with DEMETER data [J]. Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese), 52(1): 11-19.
Zeren Z M, Shen X H, Cao J B, et al. 2012. Statistical analysis of ELF/VLF magnetic field disturbances before major earthquakes [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 55(11): 3699-3708, doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.017.
Zhang X M, Shen X H, Ouyang X Y, et al. 2009. Ionosphere VLF electric field anomalies before Wenchuan M 8 earthquake [J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science (in Chinese), 24(6): 1024-1032.
Zhang X M, Shen X H, Zhao S F, et al. 2016. The seismo-ionospheric monitoring technologies and their application research development [J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 38(3): 356-375.
Zhang Xuemin, Zeren Zhima, Shen Xuhui, et al. 2011. Analysis on variation of electric field spectrum at cut-off frequency before strong earthquakes: Taking 2006 Tonga MW 8.0 earthquake as an example [J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 33(4): 451-460.
Zhao S F, Liao L, Zhang X M. 2017. Trans-ionospheric VLF wave power absorption of terrestrial VLF signal [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 60(8): 3004-3014, doi:10.6038/cjg20170809.
Zhu Tao. 2010. A preliminary study on characteristics of average power spectrum density of LF/MF electric field observed by DEMETER satellite [J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 32(4): 476-489.
Zhu T,Wang L W. 2011. LF electric field anomalies related to Wenchuan earthquake observed by DEMETER satellite [J]. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 54(3): 717-727, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.03.011.
曹晋滨, 杨俊英, 袁仕耿, 等. 2009. 卫星低频电磁辐射在轨探测研究[J]. 中国科学: E辑, 39(9): 1544-1550.
何宇飞, 杨冬梅, 陈化然, 等. 2009. DEMETER卫星探测到可能与汶川地震有关的地面VLF发射站信号的信噪比变化[J]. 中国科学: D辑, 39(4): 403-412.
李柳元, 杨俊英, 曹晋滨, 等. 2011. 顶部电离层电子密度和温度的统计背景及其地磁活动变化[J]. 地球物理学报, 54(10): 2437-2444.
路立, 杨俊英, 曹晋滨, 等. 2011. 太阳活动低年电离层磁场VLF波的观测特性研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 54(6): 1403-1420.
申旭辉, 王兰炜, 吴云, 等. 2011. 地震立体观测体系空间段发展规划框架与进展[J]. 卫星应用, 6: 9-15.
王家龙, 龚建村, 佟继周, 等. 2001. 第23太阳周的极大是否已经出现?[J]. 科学通报, 46(11): 898-901.
许绍燮. 2009. 地震与卫星 [J]. 地震, 29(增刊1): 前插1-前插2.
徐文耀. 2003. 地磁学[M]. 北京: 地震出版社.
姚丽, 陈化然, 刘晓灿, 等. 2011. 全球电离层VLF电场功率谱特征[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究, 32(4): 27-34.
曾中超, 张蓓, 方广有, 等. 2009. 利用DEMETER卫星数据分析汶川地震前的电离层异常[J]. 地球物理学报, 52 (1): 11-19.
泽仁志玛, 申旭辉, 曹晋滨, 等. 2012. 强震前ELF/VLF磁场的扰动特征统计研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 55(11): 3699-3708, doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.017.
张学民, 泽仁志玛, 申旭辉, 等. 2011. 地震前后电离层截止频率处电场频谱强度变化分析-以2006年汤加MW 8.0地震为例[J]. 地震学报, 33(4): 451-460.
张学民, 申旭辉, 欧阳新艳, 等. 2009. 汶川8级地震前空间电离层VLF电场异常现象[J]. 电波科学学报, 24(6): 1024-1032.
张学民, 申旭辉, 赵庶凡, 等. 2016. 地震电离层探测技术及其应用研究进展[J]. 地震学报, 38(3): 356-375.
赵庶凡, 廖力, 张学民. 2017. 地面VLF波穿透电离层的能量衰减变化[J]. 地球物理学报, 60(8): 3004-3014, doi:10.6038/cjg20170809.
朱涛. 2010. DEMETER卫星观测的LF/MF电场频谱特征初步研究[J]. 地震学报, 32(4): 476-489.
朱涛, 王兰炜. 2011. DEMETER卫星观测到的与汶川地震有关的LF电场异常[J]. 地球物理学报, 54(3): 717-727, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.03.011.
Cao J B, Yang J Y, Yuan S G, et al. 2009. In-flight observations of electromagnetic interferences emitted by satellite[J]. Sci. China Ser. E-Tech. Sci. (in Chinese). 39(9): 1544-2118.
Davis K, Barker D M. 1965. Ionospheric effects observed around the time of the Alaskan earthquake of March 28, 1964 [J].J. Geophys Res., 70(9): 2551-2553.
Green J L, Boardsen S, Garcia L, et al. 2005. On the origin of Whistler mode radiation in the plasmasphere [J]. J. Geophys Res., 110(A3): A03201.
He Y F, Yang D M, Chen H R, et al. 2009. SNR changes of VLF radio signals detected onboard the DEMETER satellite and their possible relationship to the Wenchuan earthquake [J]. Science in China (Series D) (in Chinese), 39(4): 403-412.
Li L Y, Yang J Y, Cao J B, et al. 2011. Statistical backgrounds of topside-ionospheric electron density and temperature and their variations during geomagnetic activity [J]. Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese), 54(10): 2437-2444.
Lu L, Yang J Y, Cao J B, et al. 2011. Observational characteristics of ionospheric magnetic VLF wave in the solar minimum year [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 54(6): 1403-1420.
Němec F, Santolík O, Parrot M, et al. 2008. Spacecraft observations of electromagnetic perturbations connected with seismic activity [J]. Geophys Res. Lett., 35(5): L05109, doi:10.1029/2007GL032517.
Parrot M, Berthelier J J, Lebreton J P, et al. 2006. Examples of unusual ionospheric observations made by the DEMETER satellite over seismic regions [J]. Phys. Chem of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, 31(4-9): 486-495.
Parrot M, Lefeuvre F. 1985. Correlation between GEOS VLF emissions and earthquakes [J]. Ann Geophys, 3(6): 737-747.
Rozhnoi A, Solovieva M, Molchanov O, et al. 2010. Variations of VLF/ LF signals observed on the ground and satellite during a seismic activity in Japan region in May—June 2008 [J]. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 10(3): 529-534.
Shen X H, Wang L W, Wu Y, et al. 2011. Development planning framework and progress of the three-dimensional seismic observation system for the space segment Satellite application [J]. Satellite Application (in Chinese), 6: 9-15.
Wang J L, Gong J C, Tong J Z, et al. 2011. Have the maximum of the solar cycle 23 been appeared?[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 46(11): 898-901.
Xu S X. 2009. Earthquake and satellite:An Introduction [J]. Earthquake (in Chinese), 29(Suppl.): preface.
Xu W Y. 2003. Geomagnetism (in Chinese) [M]. Beijing: Seismological Press.
Yao Li, Chen Huaran, Liu Xiaocan, et al. 2011. The global characteristics of VLF electric field frequency spectrum in ionosphere [J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research (in Chinese), 32(4): 27-34.
Zeng Z C, Zhang B, Fang G Y, et al. 2009. The analysis of ionospheric variations before Wenchuan earthquake with DEMETER data [J]. Chinese J.Geophys. (in Chinese), 52(1): 11-19.
Zeren Z M, Shen X H, Cao J B, et al. 2012. Statistical analysis of ELF/VLF magnetic field disturbances before major earthquakes [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 55(11): 3699-3708, doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.017.
Zhang X M, Shen X H, Ouyang X Y, et al. 2009. Ionosphere VLF electric field anomalies before Wenchuan M 8 earthquake [J]. Chinese Journal of Radio Science (in Chinese), 24(6): 1024-1032.
Zhang X M, Shen X H, Zhao S F, et al. 2016. The seismo-ionospheric monitoring technologies and their application research development [J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 38(3): 356-375.
Zhang Xuemin, Zeren Zhima, Shen Xuhui, et al. 2011. Analysis on variation of electric field spectrum at cut-off frequency before strong earthquakes: Taking 2006 Tonga MW 8.0 earthquake as an example [J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica (in Chinese), 33(4): 451-460.
Zhao S F, Liao L, Zhang X M. 2017. Trans-ionospheric VLF wave power absorption of terrestrial VLF signal [J]. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 60(8): 3004-3014, doi:10.6038/cjg20170809.
Zhu Tao. 2010. A preliminary study on characteristics of average power spectrum density of LF/MF electric field observed by DEMETER satellite [J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 32(4): 476-489.
Zhu T,Wang L W. 2011. LF electric field anomalies related to Wenchuan earthquake observed by DEMETER satellite [J]. Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese), 54(3): 717-727, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.03.011.
曹晋滨, 杨俊英, 袁仕耿, 等. 2009. 卫星低频电磁辐射在轨探测研究[J]. 中国科学: E辑, 39(9): 1544-1550.
何宇飞, 杨冬梅, 陈化然, 等. 2009. DEMETER卫星探测到可能与汶川地震有关的地面VLF发射站信号的信噪比变化[J]. 中国科学: D辑, 39(4): 403-412.
李柳元, 杨俊英, 曹晋滨, 等. 2011. 顶部电离层电子密度和温度的统计背景及其地磁活动变化[J]. 地球物理学报, 54(10): 2437-2444.
路立, 杨俊英, 曹晋滨, 等. 2011. 太阳活动低年电离层磁场VLF波的观测特性研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 54(6): 1403-1420.
申旭辉, 王兰炜, 吴云, 等. 2011. 地震立体观测体系空间段发展规划框架与进展[J]. 卫星应用, 6: 9-15.
王家龙, 龚建村, 佟继周, 等. 2001. 第23太阳周的极大是否已经出现?[J]. 科学通报, 46(11): 898-901.
许绍燮. 2009. 地震与卫星 [J]. 地震, 29(增刊1): 前插1-前插2.
徐文耀. 2003. 地磁学[M]. 北京: 地震出版社.
姚丽, 陈化然, 刘晓灿, 等. 2011. 全球电离层VLF电场功率谱特征[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究, 32(4): 27-34.
曾中超, 张蓓, 方广有, 等. 2009. 利用DEMETER卫星数据分析汶川地震前的电离层异常[J]. 地球物理学报, 52 (1): 11-19.
泽仁志玛, 申旭辉, 曹晋滨, 等. 2012. 强震前ELF/VLF磁场的扰动特征统计研究[J]. 地球物理学报, 55(11): 3699-3708, doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.11.017.
张学民, 泽仁志玛, 申旭辉, 等. 2011. 地震前后电离层截止频率处电场频谱强度变化分析-以2006年汤加MW 8.0地震为例[J]. 地震学报, 33(4): 451-460.
张学民, 申旭辉, 欧阳新艳, 等. 2009. 汶川8级地震前空间电离层VLF电场异常现象[J]. 电波科学学报, 24(6): 1024-1032.
张学民, 申旭辉, 赵庶凡, 等. 2016. 地震电离层探测技术及其应用研究进展[J]. 地震学报, 38(3): 356-375.
赵庶凡, 廖力, 张学民. 2017. 地面VLF波穿透电离层的能量衰减变化[J]. 地球物理学报, 60(8): 3004-3014, doi:10.6038/cjg20170809.
朱涛. 2010. DEMETER卫星观测的LF/MF电场频谱特征初步研究[J]. 地震学报, 32(4): 476-489.
朱涛, 王兰炜. 2011. DEMETER卫星观测到的与汶川地震有关的LF电场异常[J]. 地球物理学报, 54(3): 717-727, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2011.03.011.