内蒙古扎鲁特旗巴尔哲超大型矿床控矿因素分析
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摘要
内蒙古巴尔哲矿床不仅是超大型的REE-Zr-Nb-Ta-Be多金属矿床,同时也是大型的UTh矿床。通过野外地质观察、地面伽玛能谱测量、岩矿鉴定和室内数据处理等,发现铀、钍主要以类质同像的形式存在于矿石矿物中;铍和稀土元素的独立矿物以羟硅铍钇铈矿和独居石为主;铌、钽、锆主要赋存在铌铁矿、烧绿石和锆石中。另外,从构造、岩性及蚀变特征三方面,对巴尔哲矿床的控矿因素进行了详细解剖,研究表明,巴尔哲矿床的铀钍矿化与稀有稀土矿化密切共生,均赋存于强蚀变钠闪石花岗岩中,蚀变主要为钠长石化和硅化。该矿床主要受构造和碱性花岗岩体的控制,是构造和碱性花岗质岩浆演化的耦合产物。
The Baerzhe deposit is not only a REE-Zr-Nb-Ta-Be super-large polymetallic deposit,but also a large U-Th deposit. Uranium and thorium mainly exist in the form of isomorphism. The minerals of beryllium and rare earth elements are mainly yttroceber-ysite and monazite. Niobium,tantalum and zirconium are mainly hosted in niobite,pyrochlore and zircon. Besides,in this paper,the ore-controlling factors of Baerzhe super-large deposit are analyzed from three aspects of structure, lithology and alteration. The results show that uranium-thorium mineralization is closely related to REE and rare elements mineralization in the Baerzhe deposit,and all of them occur in strongly altered riebeckite granite. Alteration is mainly albitization and silicification. The deposit is controlled by tectonics and alkaline granite body,and it is a product of structure and alkaline granitic magma evolution.
The Baerzhe deposit is not only a REE-Zr-Nb-Ta-Be super-large polymetallic deposit,but also a large U-Th deposit. Uranium and thorium mainly exist in the form of isomorphism. The minerals of beryllium and rare earth elements are mainly yttroceber-ysite and monazite. Niobium,tantalum and zirconium are mainly hosted in niobite,pyrochlore and zircon. Besides,in this paper,the ore-controlling factors of Baerzhe super-large deposit are analyzed from three aspects of structure, lithology and alteration. The results show that uranium-thorium mineralization is closely related to REE and rare elements mineralization in the Baerzhe deposit,and all of them occur in strongly altered riebeckite granite. Alteration is mainly albitization and silicification. The deposit is controlled by tectonics and alkaline granite body,and it is a product of structure and alkaline granitic magma evolution.
引文
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[10]杨武斌,牛贺才,单强,等.巴尔哲超大型稀有稀土矿床成矿机制研究[J].岩石学报,2009,25(11):2924~2932.YANG Wubin,NIU Hecai,SHAN Qiang,et al. Ore-forming mechanism of the Baerzhe super-large rare and rare earth elements deposit[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2009, 25(11):2924~2932.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]冯守忠.内蒙古巴尔哲碱性花岗岩稀有稀土矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].火山地质与矿产,2000,21(2):137~142,149.FENG Shouzhong. Geological characteristic and ore genesis of rare metal and rare-earth ore deposit in Baerze alkalic granite,Inner Mongolia[J]. Volcanology&Mineral Resources,2000,21(2):137~142,149.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] Zhao Z H,Xiong X L,Hen X D,et al. Controls on the REE tetrad effect in granites:evidence from the Qianlishan and Baerzhe granites,China[J]. Geochemical Journal,2002,36:527~543.
[13]杨武斌,苏文超,廖思平,等.巴尔哲碱性花岗岩中的熔体和熔体—流体包裹体:岩浆—热液过渡的信息[J].岩石学报,2011,27(5):1493~1499.YANG Wubin,SU Wenchao,LIAO Siping,et al. Melt and melt-fluid inclusions in the Baerzhe alkaline granite:information of the magmatic-hydrothermal transition[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(5):1493~1499.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] Sun Y,Lai Y,Chen J,et al. Rare earth and rare metal elements mobility and mineralization during magmatic and fluid evolution in alkaline granite system:evidence from fluid and melt inclusions in Baerzhe granite, China[J]. Resource Geology,2013,63(3):239~261.
[15] Yang W B,Niu H C,Shan Q,et al. Geochemistry of magmatic and hydrothermal zircon from the highly evolved Baerzhe alkaline granite:implications for Zr-REE-Nb mineralization[J]. Mineralium Deposita,2014,49(4):451~470.
[16] Ouyang H G,Mao J W,Zhou Z H,et al. Late Mesozoic metallogeny and intracontinental magmatism, southern Great Xing'an Range,northeastern China[J]. Gondwana Research,2015,27(3):1153~1172.
[17]田宝峰.黑龙江漠河782高地稀有稀土矿床地质特征与成因研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2018.TIAN Baofeng. Geological characteristics and genesis of the rare earth deposits in the Highlands 782 of Mohe County,Heilongjiang Province[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing), 2018.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2] Jahn B M,Wu F Y,Capdevila R,et al. Highly evolved juvenile granites with tetrad REE patterns:the Woduhe and Baerzhe granites from the Great Xing'an Mountains in NE China[J]. Lithos,2001,59(4):171~198.
[3]牛贺才,单强,罗勇,等.巴尔哲超大型稀有稀土矿床富晶体的流体包裹体初步研究[J].岩石学报,2008,24(9):2149~2154.NIU Hecai,SHAN Qiang,LUO Yong,et al. Study on the crystal-rich fluid inclusions from the Baerzhe super-large rare elements and REE deposit[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2008,24(9):2149~2154.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]杨武斌,单强,赵振华,等.巴尔哲地区碱性花岗岩的成岩和成矿作用:矿化和未矿化岩体的比较[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2011,41(6):1689~1704.YANG Wubin, SHAN Qiang, ZHAO Zhenhua, et al.Petrogenic and metallogenic action of the alkaline granitoids in Baerzhe area:a comparison between mineralized and barren plutons[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),2011,41(6):1689~1704.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]丘志力,梁冬云,王艳芬,等.巴尔哲碱性花岗岩锆石稀土微量元素、U-Pb年龄及其成岩成矿指示[J].岩石学报,2014,30(6):1757~1768.QIU Zhili,LIANG Dongyun,WANG Yanfen,et al. Zircon REE,trace element characteristics and U-Pb chronology in the Baerzhe alkaline granite:implications to the petrological genesis and mineralization[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(6):1757~1768.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]赵宝光,张凯,潘红松,等.内蒙古扎鲁特旗巴仁扎拉格(八○一)矿区铀矿查证[R].四川:核工业二八○所,2014.ZHAO Baoguang, ZHANG Kai, PAN Hongsong, et al.Verification of Barenzhalage uranium deposit in Jarud Banner,Inner Mongolia[R]. Sichuan:No. 280 Institute of China Nuclear,2014.(in Chinese)
[7]赵宝光,张凯,潘洪松.内蒙古巴仁扎拉格铀矿赋矿岩体蚀变特征及其对铀矿化的控制作用[A].中国核科学技术进展报告(第四卷)[C].绵阳:中国核学会,2015,243~246.ZHAO Baoguang, ZHANG Kai, PAN Hongsong. Alteration characteristics in uranium ore rock of the Barenzhalage in Inner Mongolia and its Contral to uranium mineralization[A].Progress Report on China Nuclear Science&Technology(Vol.4)[C]. Mianyang:China Nuclear Society,2015,243~246.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]李勇,张凯,潘洪松,等.内蒙古巴仁扎拉格801矿床铀镭平衡系数特征研究[J].世界核地质科学,2018,35(3):150~153,179.LI Yong, ZHANG Kai, PAN Hongsong, et al. Study on characteristics of uranium-radium equilibrium coefficient in Barenzhalage 801 mine,Inner Mongolia[J]. World Nuclear Geoscience,2018,35(3):150~153,179.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]于桂梅,马婉仙.某碱性花岗岩稀有稀土矿床的矿物及地球化学特征[J].地质与勘探,1980,(9):14~22.YU Guimei,MA Wanxian. Mineral and geochemical characteristics of a rare earth ore deposits in the alkaline granite[J]. Geology and Prospecting,1980,(9):14~22.(in Chinese)
[10]杨武斌,牛贺才,单强,等.巴尔哲超大型稀有稀土矿床成矿机制研究[J].岩石学报,2009,25(11):2924~2932.YANG Wubin,NIU Hecai,SHAN Qiang,et al. Ore-forming mechanism of the Baerzhe super-large rare and rare earth elements deposit[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2009, 25(11):2924~2932.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]冯守忠.内蒙古巴尔哲碱性花岗岩稀有稀土矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].火山地质与矿产,2000,21(2):137~142,149.FENG Shouzhong. Geological characteristic and ore genesis of rare metal and rare-earth ore deposit in Baerze alkalic granite,Inner Mongolia[J]. Volcanology&Mineral Resources,2000,21(2):137~142,149.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] Zhao Z H,Xiong X L,Hen X D,et al. Controls on the REE tetrad effect in granites:evidence from the Qianlishan and Baerzhe granites,China[J]. Geochemical Journal,2002,36:527~543.
[13]杨武斌,苏文超,廖思平,等.巴尔哲碱性花岗岩中的熔体和熔体—流体包裹体:岩浆—热液过渡的信息[J].岩石学报,2011,27(5):1493~1499.YANG Wubin,SU Wenchao,LIAO Siping,et al. Melt and melt-fluid inclusions in the Baerzhe alkaline granite:information of the magmatic-hydrothermal transition[J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(5):1493~1499.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14] Sun Y,Lai Y,Chen J,et al. Rare earth and rare metal elements mobility and mineralization during magmatic and fluid evolution in alkaline granite system:evidence from fluid and melt inclusions in Baerzhe granite, China[J]. Resource Geology,2013,63(3):239~261.
[15] Yang W B,Niu H C,Shan Q,et al. Geochemistry of magmatic and hydrothermal zircon from the highly evolved Baerzhe alkaline granite:implications for Zr-REE-Nb mineralization[J]. Mineralium Deposita,2014,49(4):451~470.
[16] Ouyang H G,Mao J W,Zhou Z H,et al. Late Mesozoic metallogeny and intracontinental magmatism, southern Great Xing'an Range,northeastern China[J]. Gondwana Research,2015,27(3):1153~1172.
[17]田宝峰.黑龙江漠河782高地稀有稀土矿床地质特征与成因研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2018.TIAN Baofeng. Geological characteristics and genesis of the rare earth deposits in the Highlands 782 of Mohe County,Heilongjiang Province[D]. Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing), 2018.(in Chinese with English abstract)