钛微合金钢的合金化工艺实践
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摘要
含钛钢冶炼采用钛铁、钛线合金化冶炼实践及热力学分析表明,钛的氧化反应造成钛收得率降低,钢液中一定的Al含量可提高钛收得率。通过48炉次试验分别对两个钢种、两种合金化方式和两种工艺路径(EAF和BOF)进行钛收得率考察,钛总收得率72.66%～87.17%,目标钛含量高的钢种(钢种Ⅱ,0. 05%Ti)钛总收得率(79.84%～84.66%)高于含量低的钢种(钢种Ⅰ,0.02%Ti)钛收得率(72.66%～87. 17%);钛铁合金加入钛的收得率67.34%～72.76%,低的出钢氧化性可以提高钛的收得率;钛线喂入钛的收得率78.62%～85.12%,钛铁加钛线合金化方式由于喂线前炉渣中钛化合物抑制了钛的渣-钢钛氧化反应,喂线环节钛收得率(83.49%～85.12%)明显高于单独加钛线合金化钛收得率(78. 62%～79.54%);熔渣中的钛在真空处理环节可以部分还原进入钢水,由于VD环节渣-钢还原动力学条件有利于钛的还原,钛还原率(28.05%～44.04%)明显高于RH真空处理顶渣钛还原率(<4%)。钢种Ⅰ及钢种Ⅱ冶炼钛合金化采用LF喂钛线+VD工艺路线较其它方式更为经济。
Ferrotitanium and ferrotitanium cored wire are always used for Ti alloying in micro alloy steelmaking, practices and thermodynamics analysis proved that there are Ti loss since the Ti oxidation, and Al in steel could increase the Ti yield. Analyses of 48 heats were taken to test the Ti alloying of 2 different steel grades with 2 alloying ways and different process route-EAF and BOF. Ti yield of all heats was in range of 72. 66% ～ 87. 17%. The yield of steel grade( steel grade II,0. 05% Ti) with a higher Ti content(79. 84% ～ 84. 66%) was higher than that with a lower Ti content(steel grade Ⅰ,0. 02% Ti)(72. 66% ～ 87.17%). Ti yield of ferrotitanium alloying was 67. 34% ～72.76%,and lower the tapping steel oxidability could reduce the Ti losses. The Ti yield of ferrotitanium cored wire feeding was 78. 62%～ 85.12%,and Ti yield with the combination of ferrotitanium and wire feeding alloying process(83.49% ～85. 12%) was higher than that with only wire feeding(78. 62% ～79. 54%) since the Ti oxidation in top slag after ferrotitanium alloying could inhibit the Ti oxidation during the wire feeding process. The Ti in slag could be reduced during the vacuum process, Ti yield of VD process(28. 05% ～44.04%) was higher than that in the RH process( <4%) since it have a better Ti reduction kinetic condition. The only wire feeding on LF refining process plus VD process was the most economical method of the Ti alloying for both steel grades I and Ⅱ.
Ferrotitanium and ferrotitanium cored wire are always used for Ti alloying in micro alloy steelmaking, practices and thermodynamics analysis proved that there are Ti loss since the Ti oxidation, and Al in steel could increase the Ti yield. Analyses of 48 heats were taken to test the Ti alloying of 2 different steel grades with 2 alloying ways and different process route-EAF and BOF. Ti yield of all heats was in range of 72. 66% ～ 87. 17%. The yield of steel grade( steel grade II,0. 05% Ti) with a higher Ti content(79. 84% ～ 84. 66%) was higher than that with a lower Ti content(steel grade Ⅰ,0. 02% Ti)(72. 66% ～ 87.17%). Ti yield of ferrotitanium alloying was 67. 34% ～72.76%,and lower the tapping steel oxidability could reduce the Ti losses. The Ti yield of ferrotitanium cored wire feeding was 78. 62%～ 85.12%,and Ti yield with the combination of ferrotitanium and wire feeding alloying process(83.49% ～85. 12%) was higher than that with only wire feeding(78. 62% ～79. 54%) since the Ti oxidation in top slag after ferrotitanium alloying could inhibit the Ti oxidation during the wire feeding process. The Ti in slag could be reduced during the vacuum process, Ti yield of VD process(28. 05% ～44.04%) was higher than that in the RH process( <4%) since it have a better Ti reduction kinetic condition. The only wire feeding on LF refining process plus VD process was the most economical method of the Ti alloying for both steel grades I and Ⅱ.
引文
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[13]梁连科.冶金热力学及动力学[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,1990:56.
[2] Naoki Yoshinaga and Kohsaku Ushioda. Precipitation Behavior of Sulfides in Ti-added Ultra Low-Carbon Steel in Austenite[J]. ISIJ,1994,34(1):24-32.
[3] Yang Gao. Effect of Mn and Ti Precipitates on the Hot Ducitility of Aluminum and Titanium Containing Steels with and without Temperature Oscillations[J]. Ironmaking and Steelmaking, 1995,22(5):365-341.
[4]肖步庆.含钛夹杂在X120钢中析出及对铁素体形核的诱导[J].炼钢,2013,29(2):49-53.
[5]韩孝勇.铌、钒、钛在微合金钢中的作用[J].宽厚板,2006,39(1):1-3.
[6]韩杰.钛微合金化超高强耐磨钢组织与性能的研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2012:33-56.
[7]黄希祜.钢铁冶金原理(第三版)[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2008:229-281.
[8]阎凤义,张晓光.钛在汽车轮钢中的作用及合金化工艺探讨[J].炼钢,2001,36(5):47-50.
[9]于广石,陈涛.20CrMnTi精炼钢包喂钛线合金化试验研究[J].天津冶金,2004(2):3-6.
[10]张鉴.冶金熔体的计算热力学[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2007:477-487.
[11]梁英教,车荫昌.无机物热力学数据手册[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,1993:372-386.
[12]郭大勇,高航,万雪峰,等.帘线钢精炼过程碳还原氧化钛理论分析[J].材料与冶金学报,2013,12(2):99-102.
[13]梁连科.冶金热力学及动力学[M].沈阳:东北大学出版社,1990:56.