重金属对气孔保卫细胞功能和活性的影响
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摘要
为深入了解重金属的毒性作用,我们选用蚕豆气孔保卫细胞系统检测了Al ~(3+)、Cr~(6+)、Cu~(2+)、Hg~(2+)及电镀废水对气孔开度和细胞活性的影响,发现0.05mg/L的Al ~(3+)、Cr~(6+)、Cu~(2+)、Hg~(2+)作用于蚕豆表皮,可降低叶面气孔开度;抗坏血酸或LaCl_3能阻止金属离子诱发的气孔关闭,说明活性氧和钙离子参与了金属离子诱导的气孔关闭;当金属离子浓度提高至0.5~5mg/L时,气孔保卫细胞活性降低,随着浓度增大,金属离子对细胞的毒性增高。用电镀废水处理同样导致气孔开度减小,细胞活性降低。上述结果表明,环境金属离子含量达到一定值后会对植物细胞的功能产生影响,浓度提高时细胞活性受损,即使单一离子含量达到国家颁布的废水排放标准,也可能直接影响气孔开度,进而干扰植物生理,而高浓度金属离子引发的植物细胞活性丧失,对植物的危害将更为严重。
In order to understand the toxicity of heavy metals,we used stomatal guard cell system of Vicia fabato detect the effect of Al ~(3+),Cr6+,Cu~(2+),Hg~(2+)and electroplating wastewater on stomatal aperture and cell viability,and found that the concentration of 0.05 mg/L of Al ~(3+),Cr6+,Cu~(2+),Hg~(2+)on Vicia faba can reduce stomatal aperture.Ascorbic acid or LaCl_3 can prevent stomatal closure induced by metal ions,indicating that reactive oxygen species and calcium ions are involved in the stomatal closure.When the concentration of metal ions increased to 0.5~5 mg/L,the viability of stomatal guard cells decreased,and the toxicity of metal ions increased with the increase of concentration.The treatment of electroplating wastewater also led to the decrease of stomatal aperture and cell viability.The results show that the environmental metal ion content can affect the function of the plant cells,and the cell viability is damaged at higher concentrations.even if the single ion content reaches the wastewater emission standard issued by the state,it may directly affect the stomatal aperture,and then interfere with the plant physiology.The loss of plant cell viability caused by high concentration metal ions will be more serious to plant physiology.
In order to understand the toxicity of heavy metals,we used stomatal guard cell system of Vicia fabato detect the effect of Al ~(3+),Cr6+,Cu~(2+),Hg~(2+)and electroplating wastewater on stomatal aperture and cell viability,and found that the concentration of 0.05 mg/L of Al ~(3+),Cr6+,Cu~(2+),Hg~(2+)on Vicia faba can reduce stomatal aperture.Ascorbic acid or LaCl_3 can prevent stomatal closure induced by metal ions,indicating that reactive oxygen species and calcium ions are involved in the stomatal closure.When the concentration of metal ions increased to 0.5~5 mg/L,the viability of stomatal guard cells decreased,and the toxicity of metal ions increased with the increase of concentration.The treatment of electroplating wastewater also led to the decrease of stomatal aperture and cell viability.The results show that the environmental metal ion content can affect the function of the plant cells,and the cell viability is damaged at higher concentrations.even if the single ion content reaches the wastewater emission standard issued by the state,it may directly affect the stomatal aperture,and then interfere with the plant physiology.The loss of plant cell viability caused by high concentration metal ions will be more serious to plant physiology.
引文
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[21]高春娟,夏晓剑,师恺,等.植物气孔对全球环境变化的响应及其调控防御机制[J].植物生理学报,2012,48(1):19-28.DOI:10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2012.01013.
[22]孙博思,赵丽娇,任婷.水环境中重金属检测方法研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(7):157-162.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2012.07.035.
[23]Turdean G L.Design and Development of Biosensors for the Detection of Heavy Metal Toxicity[J].International Journal of Electrochemistry,2011,2011(15):1-15.DOI:10.4061/2011/343125.
[2]李春烨,丁国华,刘保东.重金属影响植物细胞超微结构和功能的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(18):114-118.
[3]王宏鈵,王海娟,曾和平,等.污染与恢复生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:8-12.
[4]Yi M,Yi H,Li H,et al.Aluminum Induced Chromosome Aberrations,Micronuclei,and Cell Cycle Dysfunction in Root Cells of Vicia Faba[J].Environmental Toxicology,2010,25(2):124-129.DOI:10.1002/tox.20482.
[5]Pan J,Zhu M,Chen H.Aluminum-induced Cell Death in Root-tip Cells of Barley[J].Environmental&Experimental Botany,2001,46(1):71-79.
[6]Hetherington A M.Guard Cell Signaling[J].Cell,2001,7(6):711-714.DOI:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00606-7.
[7]Fan L M,Zhao Z,Assmann S M.Guard Cells:a Dynamic Signaling Model[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2004,7(5):537-546.DOI:10.1016/j.pbi.2004.07.009.
[8]Xue M,Yi H.Nitric Oxide Signaling is Involved in Arsenic-induced Guard Cell Death in Vicia faba L[J].Brazilian Journal of Botany,2017,40(3):635-642.DOI:10.1007/s40415-017-0380-5.
[9]Min Y,Bai H,Xue M,et al.NO and H2O2,Contribute to SO2,Toxicity Via Ca2+,Signaling in Vicia Faba,Guard Cells[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research International,2017,24(10):1-10.DOI:10.1007/s11356-017-8612-6.
[10]王毅.金属离子对气孔保卫细胞的毒性作用及其机理[D].太原:山西大学,2013.
[11]Yi H,Yin J,Liu X,et al.Sulfur Dioxide Induced Programmed Cell Death in Vicia Guard Cells[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2012,78(3):281-286.DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.035.
[12]Pei Z M,Murata Y,Benning G,et al.Calcium Channels Activated by Hydrogen Peroxide Mediate Abscisic Acid Signalling in Guard Cells[J].Nature,2000,406(6797):731-734.DOI:10.1038/350 21067.
[13]Neill S J,Desikan R,Clarke A,et al.Hydrogen Peroxide and Nitric Oxideas Signalling Molecules in Plants[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53(372):1237-1242.DOI:1093/jexbot/53.372.1237.
[14]Xue M.Involvement of ROS in Arsenic-Induced Guard Cell Death in Detached Epidermis of Vicia Faba Leaves[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2013,8(2):257-261.DOI:10.7524/AJE.1673-5897.20130227001.
[15]Yi H,Liu X,Yi M,et al.Dual Role of Hydrogen Peroxide in Arabidopsis Guard Cells in Response to Sulfur Dioxide[J].Advances in Toxicology,2014,2014(6):41-58.DOI:10.1155/2014/407368.
[16]宗良纲,丁园.土壤重金属(CuZnCd)复合污染的研究现状[J].农业环境科学学报,2001,20(2):126-128.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1672-2043.2001.02.020.
[17]Schutzendubel A,Polle A.Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses:Heavy Metal-induced Oxidative Stress and Protection by Mycorrhization[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2002,53(372):1351-1365.DOI:10.1093/jexbot/53.372.1351.
[18]Nagajyoti P C,Lee K D.Heavy Metals,Occurrence and Toxicity for Plants:A Review[J].Environmental Chemistry Letters,2010,8(3):199-216.DOI:10.1007/s10311-010-0297-8.
[19]Woodward F I.The Role of Stomata in Sensing and Driving Environmental Change[J].Nature,2003,424(6951):901-908.DOI:10.1038/nature01843.
[20]钱宝云,李霞.植物气孔运动调节的新进展[J].植物研究,2013,33(1):120-128.DOI:10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2013.01020.
[21]高春娟,夏晓剑,师恺,等.植物气孔对全球环境变化的响应及其调控防御机制[J].植物生理学报,2012,48(1):19-28.DOI:10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2012.01013.
[22]孙博思,赵丽娇,任婷.水环境中重金属检测方法研究进展[J].环境科学与技术,2012,35(7):157-162.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2012.07.035.
[23]Turdean G L.Design and Development of Biosensors for the Detection of Heavy Metal Toxicity[J].International Journal of Electrochemistry,2011,2011(15):1-15.DOI:10.4061/2011/343125.