巩义煤矿区周边土壤重金属积累特征研究
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摘要
测定了巩义某煤矿区周边区域土壤中的重金属含量,并运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合指数及地质累计指数评价了该区域重金属污染特征。结果表明,该地土壤已出现多种重金属元素不同程度的累积,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb和As的平均依次分别为59.9,32.23,31.46,99.29,0.32,113.14和8.23 mg/kg。单因子污染指数表明,7种元素单因子污染指数分别为0.95,1.18,1.57,1.59,1.60,5.07和0.84,Pb属重度污染,Ni,Cu,Zn和Cd属轻污染,As,Cr属安全水平。内梅罗综合指数指出,该区域土壤均存在不同程度的重金属污染,84%的采样点处于重污染水平。地质累计指数表明,该区域Pb平均级别属偏中污染,Zn,Cu平均级别均属轻污染,Cd,Ni,Cr和As元素平均级别均属无污染。
The heavy metal contents of the soil surrounding Gongyi coal mine were measured. The single-factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive index and Geoacumulation index method were used to evaluate the pollution characteristics on the basis of the results. The results showed that varying degrees of accumulation in the heavy metals occurred in soils of the area. The average contents of Cr,Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As in the soil were 59.9, 32.23, 31.46, 99.29, 0.32, 113.14 and 8.23 mg/kg,respectively. The Single-factor pollution indexes of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As were 0.95, 1.18, 1.57,1.59, 1.60, 5.07, 0.84. It indicated that Pb caused serious pollution, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd caused light pollution, and As and Cr didn't cause pollution in the soil of the area. The Nemerow pollution indexes indicated that heavy metal pollution with different levels existed in all the soil. 84% of the samples were heavily polluted. The Geoacumulation indexes indicated that Pb caused partial pollution, Zn and Cu caused light pollution, Cd, Ni, Cr and As didn't cause pollution.
The heavy metal contents of the soil surrounding Gongyi coal mine were measured. The single-factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive index and Geoacumulation index method were used to evaluate the pollution characteristics on the basis of the results. The results showed that varying degrees of accumulation in the heavy metals occurred in soils of the area. The average contents of Cr,Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As in the soil were 59.9, 32.23, 31.46, 99.29, 0.32, 113.14 and 8.23 mg/kg,respectively. The Single-factor pollution indexes of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As were 0.95, 1.18, 1.57,1.59, 1.60, 5.07, 0.84. It indicated that Pb caused serious pollution, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd caused light pollution, and As and Cr didn't cause pollution in the soil of the area. The Nemerow pollution indexes indicated that heavy metal pollution with different levels existed in all the soil. 84% of the samples were heavily polluted. The Geoacumulation indexes indicated that Pb caused partial pollution, Zn and Cu caused light pollution, Cd, Ni, Cr and As didn't cause pollution.
引文
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[20]张国云,郭晋,王定忠,等.滇西陇川县耕地土壤环境质量分析评价[J].农业资源与环境学报,2013(5):31-35.
[21]赵微,林健,王树芳,等.变异系数法评价人类活动对地下水环境的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1277-1283.
[2]刘静,刘强.重金属污染对生态环境的影响及防治对策[J].农业灾害研究,2012,2(1):65-67.
[3]郭伟,孙文惠,赵仁鑫,等.呼和浩特市不同功能区土壤重金属污染特征及评价[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1561-1567.
[4]RAZO I,CARRIZALES L,CASTRO J,et al.Arsenic and heavy metal pollution of soil,water and sediments in a semi-arid climate mining area in Mexico[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2004,152(1/4):129-152.
[5]BOULARBAH A,SCHWARTZ C,BITTON G,et al.Heavy metal contamination from mining sites in South Morocco:1.Use of a biotest to assess metal toxicity of tailings and soils[J].Chemosphere,2006,63(5):802-810.
[6]BHUIYAN M A,PARVEZ L,ISLAM M A,et al.Heavy metal pollution of coal mine-affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh[J].Journal of HazardousMaterials,2010,173(1/3):384-392.
[7]张壮,王利君,任梦洋,等.永城某煤矿区周围土壤重金属污染评价[J].环境与发展,2017,29(3):47-49,66.
[8]王丽,王力,和文祥,等.神木煤矿区土壤重金属污染特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(8):1343-1347.
[9]庞文品,秦樊鑫,吕亚超,等.贵州兴仁煤矿区农田土壤重金属化学形态及风险评估[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(5):1468-1478.
[10]刘硕,吴泉源,曹学江,等.龙口煤矿区土壤重金属污染评价与空间分布特征[J].环境科学,2016,37(1):270-279.
[11]徐进力,邢夏,张勤,等.电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法直接测定铜矿石中银铜铅锌[J].岩矿测试,2010,29(4):377-382.
[12]范拴喜,甘卓亭,李美娟,等.土壤重金属污染评价方法进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(17):310-315.
[13]解文艳,樊贵盛,周怀平,等.太原市污灌区土壤重金属污染现状评价[J].农业环境科学学报,2011,30(8):1553-1560.
[14]邵丰收,周皓韵.河南省主要元素的土壤环境背景值[J].河南农业,1998(10):29.
[15]张江华,赵阿宁,王仲复,等.内梅罗指数和地质累积指数在土壤重金属评价中的差异探讨--以小秦岭金矿带为例[J].黄金,2010,31(8):43-46.
[16]MüLLER G.Index of geoaccumulation in sediments of the Rhine River[J].GeoJournal,1969,2(3):108-118.
[17]滕彦国,庹先国,倪师军,等.应用地质累积指数评价攀枝花地区土壤重金属污染[J].重庆环境科学,2002,24(4):25-27,31.
[18]李绍生.地质累积指数法在义马矿区土壤重金属及氟污染评价中的应用[J].河南科学,2011,29(5):614-618.
[19]战玉柱,姜霞,陈春霄,等.太湖西南部沉积物重金属的空间分布特征和污染评价[J].环境科学研究,2011,24(4):363-370.
[20]张国云,郭晋,王定忠,等.滇西陇川县耕地土壤环境质量分析评价[J].农业资源与环境学报,2013(5):31-35.
[21]赵微,林健,王树芳,等.变异系数法评价人类活动对地下水环境的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1277-1283.