基于光纤光栅传感技术的重载铁路预应力混凝土梁疲劳损伤试验研究
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摘要
基于现有的一般测试方法,结合光纤光栅传感技术,提出了重载铁路预应力混凝土梁疲劳试验测试方法,并通过2根大比例模型梁验证了光纤光栅传感技术在预应力混凝土梁疲劳试验中应用的可行性。试验结果表明:光纤光栅传感器和FRP智能筋表现出精度高、量程大、稳定性好、耐疲劳等优点,在疲劳试验全过程中能够有效测试钢筋与预应力筋的应变;在33 t及以上轴重列车荷载长期作用下,32 m普通高度全预应力混凝土T形截面梁存在较大的疲劳开裂风险,其疲劳损伤破坏始于最外侧普通钢筋的疲劳破坏断裂,疲劳损伤开裂会引起梁的刚度明显降低和钢筋应力幅显著增加,大大缩短了梁的疲劳寿命。从安全和使用角度考虑,应严格控制该类型重载铁路预应力混凝土梁开裂及最大裂缝宽度。
The fatigue testing method of heavy haul railway prestressed concrete beam was proposed based on the existing general test method and the fiber bragg grating(FBG) sensing technology. The feasibility of incorporating FBG sensing technology into fatigue tests of prestressed concrete beams was discussed using the results from two large-scale model beam fatigue tests. The test results show that FBG sensors and fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) intelligent bars have the advantages of high accuracy, large range, good reliability, and that the fatigue resistance and the strain of steel bars can be obtained effectively in the full fatigue test. Under long-term loading of 33 t or above axle weight trains, normal height fully prestressed concrete beams with a span of 32 meters are subject to a great risk of fatigue cracking. Fatigue failure of the beams is caused by rupture of the non-prestressed reinforcing bars. The fatigue damage crack causes significant decrease in the stiffness and fatigue life, and significant increase in the stress range of steel bar. To ensure the safety and to control the deformation of heavy haul railway bridges, the cracking and maximum crack width of the beams should be limited strictly.
The fatigue testing method of heavy haul railway prestressed concrete beam was proposed based on the existing general test method and the fiber bragg grating(FBG) sensing technology. The feasibility of incorporating FBG sensing technology into fatigue tests of prestressed concrete beams was discussed using the results from two large-scale model beam fatigue tests. The test results show that FBG sensors and fiber reinforced polymer(FRP) intelligent bars have the advantages of high accuracy, large range, good reliability, and that the fatigue resistance and the strain of steel bars can be obtained effectively in the full fatigue test. Under long-term loading of 33 t or above axle weight trains, normal height fully prestressed concrete beams with a span of 32 meters are subject to a great risk of fatigue cracking. Fatigue failure of the beams is caused by rupture of the non-prestressed reinforcing bars. The fatigue damage crack causes significant decrease in the stiffness and fatigue life, and significant increase in the stress range of steel bar. To ensure the safety and to control the deformation of heavy haul railway bridges, the cracking and maximum crack width of the beams should be limited strictly.
引文
[1] HARAJLI M H, NAAMAN A E. Static and fatigue tests on partially prestressed beams[J]. Structural Engineering, 1985, 111(7): 1602-1618.
[2] GHALI A, TADROS M K. Partially prestressed concrete structures[J]. Structural Engineering, 1985, 111(8): 1846-1865.
[3] NAAMAN A E, FOUNAS M. Partially prestressed beams under random-amplitude fatigue loading[J]. Structural Engineering, 1991,117(12): 3742-3761.
[4] 余志武,李进洲,宋力. 重载铁路桥梁疲劳试验研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2012, 45(12): 1-12. (YU Zhiwu, LI Jinzhou, SONG Li. Expeimental study on fatigue behaviors of heavy-haul railway bridges[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2012, 45(12): 1-12. (in Chinese))
[5] 余志武,李进洲,宋力. 疲劳荷载后重载铁路桥梁剩余静载承载力试验研究[J]. 铁道学报, 2014, 36(4): 76-85.(YU Zhiwu, LI Jinzhou, SONG Li. Expeimental study on post-cyclic-loading residual static bearing capacity of heavy-haul railway bridges[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2014, 36(4): 76-85. (in Chinese))
[6] 李进洲,余志武,宋力. 重载铁路桥梁疲劳变形和裂缝扩展规律研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2013, 46(9): 72-81.(LI Jinzhou, YU Zhiwu,, SONG Li. Study on fatigue deflection and crack propagation law of heavy-haul railway bridges[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2013, 46(9): 72-81.(in Chinese))
[7] IDRISS R, Solano A. Effects of steam curing temperature on early prestress losses in high performance concrete beams[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2002, 1813(1): 218-228.
[8] LIN Y B, CHANG K C, CHERN J C. et al. The health monitoring of a prestressed concrete beam by using fiber Bragg grating sensors[J].Smart Materials & Structures, 2004,113(13): 140-112.
[9] 向木生,田晓彬,徐华,黄志刚,张开银.预应力混凝土梁桥应力测试技术[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2001, 25(3):266-269.(XIANG Musheng, TIAN Xiaobin, XU Hua, HUANG Zhigang, ZHANG Kaiyin. Stress test technique to prestressed concrete beam bridge[J]. Jounal of Wuhan University of Technology(Transportation Science & Engineering), 2001, 25(3):266-269. (in Chinese))
[10] SREESHYLAM P,RAVISANKAR K,PARIVALLAL S, et al. Condition monitoring of prestressed concrete structures using vibrating wire sensors[J]. International Journal of Comadem, 2008,11(3): 46-54.
[11] KAIAMKAROV A L, MACDONAID D O, FITZGERAID S B, et al. Reliability assessment of pultruded FRP reinforcements with embedded fiber optic sensors[J].Composite Structures,2000,50(1):69-78.
[12] 邓年春,欧进萍,周智,张志春,朱万旭. 光纤光栅在预应力钢绞线应力监测中的应用[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2007, 39(10): 1550-1553. (DENG Nianchun, OU Jinping, ZHOU Zhi, ZHANG Zhichun, ZHU Wanxu. Application of fiber bragg grating sensor to monitor tensile stress in a seven-wire prestressed steel strand[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2007, 39(10): 1550-1553. (in Chinese))
[13] OTHONOS A, KALLI K. Fiber bragg gratings: fundamentals and applications in telecommunications and sensing[M]. London: Artech House, 1999.
[2] GHALI A, TADROS M K. Partially prestressed concrete structures[J]. Structural Engineering, 1985, 111(8): 1846-1865.
[3] NAAMAN A E, FOUNAS M. Partially prestressed beams under random-amplitude fatigue loading[J]. Structural Engineering, 1991,117(12): 3742-3761.
[4] 余志武,李进洲,宋力. 重载铁路桥梁疲劳试验研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2012, 45(12): 1-12. (YU Zhiwu, LI Jinzhou, SONG Li. Expeimental study on fatigue behaviors of heavy-haul railway bridges[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2012, 45(12): 1-12. (in Chinese))
[5] 余志武,李进洲,宋力. 疲劳荷载后重载铁路桥梁剩余静载承载力试验研究[J]. 铁道学报, 2014, 36(4): 76-85.(YU Zhiwu, LI Jinzhou, SONG Li. Expeimental study on post-cyclic-loading residual static bearing capacity of heavy-haul railway bridges[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2014, 36(4): 76-85. (in Chinese))
[6] 李进洲,余志武,宋力. 重载铁路桥梁疲劳变形和裂缝扩展规律研究[J]. 土木工程学报, 2013, 46(9): 72-81.(LI Jinzhou, YU Zhiwu,, SONG Li. Study on fatigue deflection and crack propagation law of heavy-haul railway bridges[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2013, 46(9): 72-81.(in Chinese))
[7] IDRISS R, Solano A. Effects of steam curing temperature on early prestress losses in high performance concrete beams[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2002, 1813(1): 218-228.
[8] LIN Y B, CHANG K C, CHERN J C. et al. The health monitoring of a prestressed concrete beam by using fiber Bragg grating sensors[J].Smart Materials & Structures, 2004,113(13): 140-112.
[9] 向木生,田晓彬,徐华,黄志刚,张开银.预应力混凝土梁桥应力测试技术[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2001, 25(3):266-269.(XIANG Musheng, TIAN Xiaobin, XU Hua, HUANG Zhigang, ZHANG Kaiyin. Stress test technique to prestressed concrete beam bridge[J]. Jounal of Wuhan University of Technology(Transportation Science & Engineering), 2001, 25(3):266-269. (in Chinese))
[10] SREESHYLAM P,RAVISANKAR K,PARIVALLAL S, et al. Condition monitoring of prestressed concrete structures using vibrating wire sensors[J]. International Journal of Comadem, 2008,11(3): 46-54.
[11] KAIAMKAROV A L, MACDONAID D O, FITZGERAID S B, et al. Reliability assessment of pultruded FRP reinforcements with embedded fiber optic sensors[J].Composite Structures,2000,50(1):69-78.
[12] 邓年春,欧进萍,周智,张志春,朱万旭. 光纤光栅在预应力钢绞线应力监测中的应用[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2007, 39(10): 1550-1553. (DENG Nianchun, OU Jinping, ZHOU Zhi, ZHANG Zhichun, ZHU Wanxu. Application of fiber bragg grating sensor to monitor tensile stress in a seven-wire prestressed steel strand[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2007, 39(10): 1550-1553. (in Chinese))
[13] OTHONOS A, KALLI K. Fiber bragg gratings: fundamentals and applications in telecommunications and sensing[M]. London: Artech House, 1999.
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