制备原料及温度对生物质炭酸碱度及盐基离子含量影响
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摘要
【目的】研究生物质炭的制备原料与温度对其酸碱度及盐基离子含量的影响。【方法】选用禾本科、豆科、乔木和椰丝共10种生物材料,研究在300、500和700℃3种温度下制备的生物质炭酸碱度及盐基离子含量的差异。【结果】生物质炭的酸碱度及盐基离子含量因热解温度和制备原料的不同而有明显的不同。同种制备原料下,随着热解温度升高,生物质炭的碱度显著增加,从中和土壤酸度而言,高温热解制备的生物质炭效果较好。同一热解温度下,豆科的盐基离子含量相对较高,更适合用于补充土壤盐基含量。【结论】综合考虑制备难度、温度间的差异性和制碳率等,建议用大豆于500℃下制备的生物质炭来改良海南盐基不饱和的酸性土壤。
[Purpose] The effects of different raw materials and temperature on the acidity and basicity ion content by the biochar were studied. [Method]The biochar type of Gramineae,Leguminosae and trees of 10 kinds of biological were used as materials. By the test of biochar research Hainan plant materials at 300, 500 and 700 ℃ different temperature on the acidity and basicity ion content. [Result]All biochar could significantly influence the acidity and basicity ion content.However, with the same materials, the alkalinity of biochar could significantly increase with the temperature. Therefore, the most effective neutralization of soil acidity was the preparation of biochar at higher temperatures. At the same temperature, the content of salt ions in legume was relatively high,so it was more suitable for legumes to replenish the soil base content. [Conclusion]Considering the different of preparations, temperature difference and carbon yield, the soybean biochar could be used to improve the acid soil in Hainan under 500℃.
[Purpose] The effects of different raw materials and temperature on the acidity and basicity ion content by the biochar were studied. [Method]The biochar type of Gramineae,Leguminosae and trees of 10 kinds of biological were used as materials. By the test of biochar research Hainan plant materials at 300, 500 and 700 ℃ different temperature on the acidity and basicity ion content. [Result]All biochar could significantly influence the acidity and basicity ion content.However, with the same materials, the alkalinity of biochar could significantly increase with the temperature. Therefore, the most effective neutralization of soil acidity was the preparation of biochar at higher temperatures. At the same temperature, the content of salt ions in legume was relatively high,so it was more suitable for legumes to replenish the soil base content. [Conclusion]Considering the different of preparations, temperature difference and carbon yield, the soybean biochar could be used to improve the acid soil in Hainan under 500℃.
引文
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[2]LAIRD N,DAVID A.The charcoal vision:a win-winwin scenario for simultaneously producing bioenergy,permanently sequestering carbon,while improving soil and water quality[J].Agronomy Journal,2008,100(1):178.DOI:10.2134/agronj2007.0161.
[3]LEHMANN J.Bio-energy in the black[J].Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2007,5(7):381.DOI:10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[381:BITB]2.0.CO;2.
[4]王茹,侯书林,赵立欣,等.生物质热解炭化的关键影响因素分析[J].可再生能源,2013,31(6):96.
[5]CHEN B,YUAN M J.Enhanced sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by soil amended with biochar[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2010,11(1):62.
[6]陆海楠,胡学玉,刘红伟.不同裂解条件对生物炭稳定性的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2013,36(8):11.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2013.08.003.
[7]柯跃进,胡学玉,易卿,等.水稻秸秆生物炭对耕地土壤有机碳及其CO2释放的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):93.DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.2014.01.015.
[8]ZAVALLONI C,ALBERTI G,BIASIOL S,et al.Microbial mineralization of biochar and wheat straw mixture in soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2011,50(1):45.
[9]SCHMIDT M W I,NOACK A G.Black carbon in soils and sediments:analysis,distribution,implications,and current challenges[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2000,14(3):777.DOI:10.1029/1999GB001208.
[10]LEHMANN J.A handful of carbon[J].Nature,2007,447(7141):143.DOI:10.1038/447143a.
[11]袁金华,徐仁扣.生物质炭的性质及其对土壤环境功能影响的研究进展[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(4):779.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-5906.2011.04.034.
[12]SHNOGI Y,KANRI Y.Pyrolysis of plant,animal and human waste:physical and chemical characterization of the pyrolytic products[J].Bioresource Technology,2003,90(3):241.DOI:10.1016/S0960-8524(03)00147-0.
[13]罗煜,赵立欣,孟海波,等.不同温度下热裂解芒草生物质炭的理化特征分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(13):208.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2013.13.027.
[14]KUZYAKOV Y,SUBBOTINA I,CHEN H Q,et al.Black carbon decomposition and incorporation into soil microbial biomass estimated by 14C labeling[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(2):210.DOI:10.1016/j.so ilbio.2008.10.016.
[15]WING T,ARHCSTXIN M C,HCDLCY M,et al.Chemical and bioassay characterisation of nitrogen availability in biochar produced from dairy manure and biosolids[J].Organic Geochemistry,2012,51(5):45.
[16]许燕萍,谢祖彬,朱建国,等.制炭温度对玉米和小麦生物质炭理化性质的影响[J].土壤,2013,45(1):73.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9829.2013.01.011.
[17]王立华,林琦.热解温度对畜禽粪便制备的生物质炭性质的影响[J].浙江大学学报(理学版),2014,41(2):185.
[18]充少锋.雷竹叶生物炭制备及其对微囊藻毒素MCLR吸附作用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.
[19]KLOSS S,ZEHETNER F,DELLANTONIO A,et al.Characterization of slow pyrolysis biochars:effects of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2012,41(4):990.DOI:10.2134/jeq2011.0070.
[20]HARVEY O R,HERBERT B E,RHUE R D,et al.Metal interactions at the biochar-water interface:energetics and structure-sorption relationships elucidated by flow adsorption microcalorimetry[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2011,45(13):5550.DOI:10.1021/es104401h.
[21]SILBER A,LEVKOVITCH I,GRABER E R.pH-dependent mineral release and surface properties of cornstraw biochar:agronomic implications[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(24):9318.DOI:10.1021/es101283d.
[22]ENDERS A,HENLEY K,WHITMAN T,et al.Characterization of biochars to evaluate recalcitrance and agronomic performance[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,114(3):644.
[23]SINGH B,SINGH B P,COWIE A L.Characterisation and evaluation of biochars for their application as a soil amendment[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2010,48(7):516.DOI:10.1071/SR10058.
[24]CHAN K Y,ZWIETEN L V,MESZXROS I,et al.Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment[J].Australian Journal of Soil Research,2007,45(8):629.DOI:10.1071/SR07109.
[25]CHAN K Y,XU Z H.Biochar:nutrient properties and their enhancement[M]//LEHMANN J,JOSEPH S.Biochar for environmental management science and technology.London:Earthscan,2009.
[26]GASKIN J W,STEINER C,HARRIS K,et al.Effect of low-temperature pyrolysis conditions on biochar for agricultural use[J].Transactions of the Asabe,2008,51(6):2061.DOI:10.13031/2013.25409.
[27]罗烨.芦竹制备生物炭的特性表征及对土壤N2O排放的抑制[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2012.
[28]YUAN J H,XU R K.The amelioration effects of low temperature biochar generated from nine crop residues on an acidic Ultisol[J].Soil Use and Management,2011,27:110.DOI:10.1111/sum.2011.27.issue-1.
[29]LIAO C P,WU C Z,YAN Y J,et al.Chemical elemental characteristics of biomass fuels in China[J].Biomass and Bioenergy,2004,27(2):119.DOI:10.1016/j.biombioe.2004.01.002.