酸性矿山废水对碳酸盐岩侵蚀的影响
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摘要
定量研究了酸性矿山废水对7种不同时代碳酸盐岩的侵蚀速率,以筛选出合适的被动处理填料。结果表明:酸性矿山废水对碳酸盐岩的60 d平均侵蚀速率为4.88×10~(-4)g·cm~(-2)·d~(-1),是普通岩溶水侵蚀速率的10倍以上,其中摆佐组灰质中晶白云岩的侵蚀速率高于其他灰岩;采用扫描电镜和能谱仪对岩石表面物质的微观形貌和成分分析,结果表明,不同时代的岩石表面所生成的铁氧化物均为纤铁矿;岩石表面的硫酸钙结晶速率是控制水岩反应速率的关键性因素之一,而岩石中溶出的Mg~(2+)是影响硫酸钙结晶速率的重要因素。
We quantified the effects of acid mine drainage on the erosion rate of seven carbonate rocks with different ages,to screen for appropriate passive packing. The results showed that the mean erosion rate of carbonate rocks in response to acid mine drainage was 4.88×10~(-4) g·cm~(-2)·d~(-1) in 60 days,which is at least ten times faster than karst water erosion. The calcite Mesocrystalline dolomite in Baizuo Formation showed higher erosion rate than other limestones. The microstructure and the composition of rock surface material were measured by Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer. It was found that the iron oxides on the surface of rocks from different ages were lepidocrocite. The crystallization rate of calcium sulfate on rock surface was one of the key factors controlling the erosion rate of carbonatite in carbonate rocks.Additionally,the dissolution of magnesium carbonate was an important factor driving the crystallization rate of calcium sulfate.
We quantified the effects of acid mine drainage on the erosion rate of seven carbonate rocks with different ages,to screen for appropriate passive packing. The results showed that the mean erosion rate of carbonate rocks in response to acid mine drainage was 4.88×10~(-4) g·cm~(-2)·d~(-1) in 60 days,which is at least ten times faster than karst water erosion. The calcite Mesocrystalline dolomite in Baizuo Formation showed higher erosion rate than other limestones. The microstructure and the composition of rock surface material were measured by Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer. It was found that the iron oxides on the surface of rocks from different ages were lepidocrocite. The crystallization rate of calcium sulfate on rock surface was one of the key factors controlling the erosion rate of carbonatite in carbonate rocks.Additionally,the dissolution of magnesium carbonate was an important factor driving the crystallization rate of calcium sulfate.
引文
陈强,魏有仪,刘少巍,等.2003.岩溶隧道中地下水侵蚀性的化学热力学分析与评价.水文地质工程地质,30(6):21-24.
雷良奇,林哲琼,莫斌吉,等.2016.酸性矿山废水中石灰岩包壳作用研究.岩石矿物学杂志,35(3):553-562.
雷良奇,史振环,莫佳,等.2015.黄沙坪碳酸盐型尾矿氧化剖面特征及酸化机制.地球与环境,43(2):173-182.
雷良奇,宋慈安,谢襄漓,等.2011.广西大厂巴里碳酸盐型尾矿的酸化特征及机理.岩石矿物学杂志,30(1):141-149.
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刘同海,窦焰,方羊,等.2016.Al3+、Na+和Mg2+对二水硫酸钙结晶的影响.化工学报,67(s1):296-301.
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王腊春,蒙海花,苏维词,等.2010.用Ca2+离子浓度估算岩溶地区岩石溶蚀速率:以贵州普定为例.南京大学学报:自然科学版,46(6):664-670.
杨绍章,吴攀,张瑞雪,等.2011.有氧垂直折流式反应池处理煤矿酸性废水.环境工程学报,5(4):789-794.
俞锦标,李春华,赵培道,等.1985.贵州普定县岩溶地区土壤空气中CO2含量分布及溶蚀作用的研究.中国岩溶,(4):31-37.
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张瑞雪,吴攀,杨艳,等.2010.贵州煤矿酸性废水“被动处理”技术的新方法探讨.地球与环境,38(2):250-254.
赵建刚,王娟鹃,孙舒东.2009.结晶学与矿物学基础.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
周立祥.2017.生物矿化:构建酸性矿山废水新型被动处理系统的新方法.化学学报,75(6):552-559.
Deng LC,Zhang YF,Chen FF,et al.2013.Reactive crystallization of calcium sulfate dihydrate from acidic wastewater and lime.Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,21:1303-1312.
Dhanaraj G,Byrappa K,Prasad V,et al.2013.Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth.Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology Press.
Folk RL.1959.Practical petrographic classification of limestones.AAPG Bulletin,43:1-38.
Guan B,Yang L,Wu Z.2010.Effect of Mg2+ions on the nucleation kinetics of calcium sulfate in concentrated calcium chloride solutions.Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,49:5569-5574.
Iakovleva E,Mkil E,Salonen J,et al.2015.Acid mine drainage(AMD)treatment:Neutralization and toxic elements removal with unmodified and modified limestone.Ecological Engineering,81:30-40.
Labastida I,Armienta MA,Lara-Castro RH,et al.2012.Treatment of mining acidic leachates with indigenous limestone,Zimapan Mexico.Journal of Hazardous Materials,262:1187-1195.
Offeddu FG,Cama J,Soler JM,et al.2015.Processes affecting the efficiency of limestone in passive treatments for AMD:Column experiments.Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,3:304-316.
Tang CY,Wu P,Tao XZ,et al.2009.The basin acidification affected by AMD:A case study in Xingren county,Guizhou,China.Carsologica Sinica,28:135-142.
Zhu J,Zhang P,Yuan S,et al.2017.Production of hydroxyl radicals from oxygenation of simulated AMD due to Ca CO3-induced p H increase.Water Research,111:118-126.
雷良奇,林哲琼,莫斌吉,等.2016.酸性矿山废水中石灰岩包壳作用研究.岩石矿物学杂志,35(3):553-562.
雷良奇,史振环,莫佳,等.2015.黄沙坪碳酸盐型尾矿氧化剖面特征及酸化机制.地球与环境,43(2):173-182.
雷良奇,宋慈安,谢襄漓,等.2011.广西大厂巴里碳酸盐型尾矿的酸化特征及机理.岩石矿物学杂志,30(1):141-149.
廖立兵.2000.晶体化学及晶体物理学.北京:地质出版社.
刘同海,窦焰,方羊,等.2016.Al3+、Na+和Mg2+对二水硫酸钙结晶的影响.化工学报,67(s1):296-301.
刘再华.2000.外源水对灰岩和白云岩的侵蚀速率野外试验研究---以桂林尧山为例.中国岩溶,19(1):1-4.
刘再华,Dreybrodt W,李华举.2006.灰岩和白云岩溶解速率控制机理的比较.地球科学,31(3):411-416.
任书泉,付灿邦.1978.对碳酸盐岩地层用酸液进行压裂时酸与岩石反应的数学物理模拟研究.石油勘探与开发,(3):61-72.
孙旻.2015.煤矿酸性废水污染的流域微生物群落结构特征及环境影响效应---以贵阳市阿哈水库饮用水源地为例(博士学位论文).北京:中国科学院大学.
王可苗.2013.Ca-Mg-K-Cl-H2O盐溶液体系中硫酸钙的结晶过程(硕士学位论文).武汉:武汉科技大学.
王腊春,蒙海花,苏维词,等.2010.用Ca2+离子浓度估算岩溶地区岩石溶蚀速率:以贵州普定为例.南京大学学报:自然科学版,46(6):664-670.
杨绍章,吴攀,张瑞雪,等.2011.有氧垂直折流式反应池处理煤矿酸性废水.环境工程学报,5(4):789-794.
俞锦标,李春华,赵培道,等.1985.贵州普定县岩溶地区土壤空气中CO2含量分布及溶蚀作用的研究.中国岩溶,(4):31-37.
张国平.2005.贵州典型矿山的水环境地球化学特征(博士学位论文).贵阳:中国科学院地球化学研究所.
张瑞雪,吴攀,杨艳,等.2010.贵州煤矿酸性废水“被动处理”技术的新方法探讨.地球与环境,38(2):250-254.
赵建刚,王娟鹃,孙舒东.2009.结晶学与矿物学基础.武汉:中国地质大学出版社.
周立祥.2017.生物矿化:构建酸性矿山废水新型被动处理系统的新方法.化学学报,75(6):552-559.
Deng LC,Zhang YF,Chen FF,et al.2013.Reactive crystallization of calcium sulfate dihydrate from acidic wastewater and lime.Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering,21:1303-1312.
Dhanaraj G,Byrappa K,Prasad V,et al.2013.Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth.Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology Press.
Folk RL.1959.Practical petrographic classification of limestones.AAPG Bulletin,43:1-38.
Guan B,Yang L,Wu Z.2010.Effect of Mg2+ions on the nucleation kinetics of calcium sulfate in concentrated calcium chloride solutions.Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,49:5569-5574.
Iakovleva E,Mkil E,Salonen J,et al.2015.Acid mine drainage(AMD)treatment:Neutralization and toxic elements removal with unmodified and modified limestone.Ecological Engineering,81:30-40.
Labastida I,Armienta MA,Lara-Castro RH,et al.2012.Treatment of mining acidic leachates with indigenous limestone,Zimapan Mexico.Journal of Hazardous Materials,262:1187-1195.
Offeddu FG,Cama J,Soler JM,et al.2015.Processes affecting the efficiency of limestone in passive treatments for AMD:Column experiments.Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering,3:304-316.
Tang CY,Wu P,Tao XZ,et al.2009.The basin acidification affected by AMD:A case study in Xingren county,Guizhou,China.Carsologica Sinica,28:135-142.
Zhu J,Zhang P,Yuan S,et al.2017.Production of hydroxyl radicals from oxygenation of simulated AMD due to Ca CO3-induced p H increase.Water Research,111:118-126.