4个不同花色滇黄精品系花粉形态特征的电镜扫描分析
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摘要
【目的】为滇黄精花粉形态学研究及进一步的分类和评价提供参考。【方法】选择4个不同花色的滇黄精品系,在植株形态比较的基础上,利用扫描电镜对花粉形状、外壁纹饰、极轴长(P)、赤道轴长等方面进行观察描述和比较。【结果】P1、P2和P3这3个品系之间除了花色的差异,在多数植物学特征性状上没有显著差异,而P4具有植株较矮、叶片窄小、花被短小以及根茎呈圆柱状、其横切面黄色等特点;滇黄精花粉粒大,长球形,极面观为椭圆形或纺锤形,具远极单沟,沟缘整齐,沟膜较清晰,无萌发孔,外壁很薄,两层,外壁表面具细网状雕纹;4个品系的花粉大小及形态结构上差异不大,花粉长68～70μm,极轴59～72μm,赤道轴23～31μm,极轴(P,μm)×赤道轴(E,μm)分别为65μm×25μm、70μm×28μm、64μm×26μm、66μm×26μm,P/E为2.5～2.6。【结论】尽管4个滇黄精品系花色迵异,但在花粉大小及形态结构上差异不大,难以进行定性和定量的比较。
【Objective】The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for further classification and evaluation of pollen morphology of Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. 【Method】On the basis of plant morphology comparison of 4 genotypes with different flower color of P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl, using electron microscopic scanning observed and compared the morphology, exine omamentation, length of the polar axis(P) and the equatorial axis of the pollen. 【Result】There was no significant difference in most botanical characters among P1, P2 and P3 except for the flower color. P4 had the characteristics of short plants, narrow leaves, short perianth, terete rhizome and yellow cross section. The pollen of P. kingianum was characterized by various shapes in the pollen grains, a character of complex column structure in the exine omamentation, oval or spindle-shaped in the polar plane view, far pole single sulcus and groove edge tidy, clear the sulcus membrane and without bud aperture, thin outer wall with two-layer and its surface with fine network carving. The pollens size and morphological structure were not significantly different among P1, P2, P3 and P4, and pollen long was 68-70 μm, and polar axis long was 59-72 μm, and equatorial axis was 23-31 μm, and polar axis(P, μm) × equatorial axis(E, μm) were 65 μm×25 μm,70 μm×28 μm,64 μm×26 μm,66 μm×26 μm,respectively. P/E value was 2.5-2.6.【Conclusion】Although there were different colors in plant morphology among the 4 genotypes P1, P2, P3 and P4 of P. kingianum, there were no significant differences in pollen size and morphological structure, and it was difficult to compare them both qualitatively and quantitatively.
【Objective】The purpose of this study is to provide a reference for further classification and evaluation of pollen morphology of Polygonatum kingianum Coll. et Hemsl. 【Method】On the basis of plant morphology comparison of 4 genotypes with different flower color of P. kingianum Coll. et Hemsl, using electron microscopic scanning observed and compared the morphology, exine omamentation, length of the polar axis(P) and the equatorial axis of the pollen. 【Result】There was no significant difference in most botanical characters among P1, P2 and P3 except for the flower color. P4 had the characteristics of short plants, narrow leaves, short perianth, terete rhizome and yellow cross section. The pollen of P. kingianum was characterized by various shapes in the pollen grains, a character of complex column structure in the exine omamentation, oval or spindle-shaped in the polar plane view, far pole single sulcus and groove edge tidy, clear the sulcus membrane and without bud aperture, thin outer wall with two-layer and its surface with fine network carving. The pollens size and morphological structure were not significantly different among P1, P2, P3 and P4, and pollen long was 68-70 μm, and polar axis long was 59-72 μm, and equatorial axis was 23-31 μm, and polar axis(P, μm) × equatorial axis(E, μm) were 65 μm×25 μm,70 μm×28 μm,64 μm×26 μm,66 μm×26 μm,respectively. P/E value was 2.5-2.6.【Conclusion】Although there were different colors in plant morphology among the 4 genotypes P1, P2, P3 and P4 of P. kingianum, there were no significant differences in pollen size and morphological structure, and it was difficult to compare them both qualitatively and quantitatively.
引文
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[9]邓小燕,周颂东,何兴金.中国黄精属13种植物花粉形态及系统学研究[J].武汉植物学研究,2007,25(1):11-18.
[10]杨腊月,陈泽历,杨林毅,等.滇黄精胶孢炭疽菌的分离与鉴定[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(12):2533-2536.
[11]李彦莹,朱新焰,石亚娜,等.酶水解法测定滇黄精淀粉含量的工艺优化[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(增刊II):106-111.
[12]王伏雄,钱南芬,张玉龙,等.中国植物花粉形态(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[13]Rao G Y,Pan K Y.Pollen morphology of the tribe Polygonateae and its systematic significance[J].Cathaya,1994(6):75-91.
[2]Chen Xinqi,Minoru N Tamura.Polygonatum Miller[M].Flora of China.Vol 24.Beijing:Sciences Press,St.Louis:Missouri Botanical Garden Press,2000.
[3]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典.一部[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015.
[4]柳威,林懋怡,刘晋杰,等.滇黄精研究进展及黄精研究现状[J].中国实验方剂学杂志,2017,23(14):226-234.
[5]Baker J D.Revision of the general and species of Asparagaceae[J].Linn Soc Bot,1875,14:508-632.
[6]汪发缵,唐进.中国植物志.第15卷[M].北京:科学出版社,1978.
[7]Tamura M N.Biosystematics studies on the genus Polygonatum (Liliaceae) III.Morphology of stamina filaments and karyology of eleven Eurasian species [J].Bot Jahrb Syst,1993,115(1):1-26.
[8]吴其濬.植物实名图考[M].上海:商务印书社,1967.
[9]邓小燕,周颂东,何兴金.中国黄精属13种植物花粉形态及系统学研究[J].武汉植物学研究,2007,25(1):11-18.
[10]杨腊月,陈泽历,杨林毅,等.滇黄精胶孢炭疽菌的分离与鉴定[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(12):2533-2536.
[11]李彦莹,朱新焰,石亚娜,等.酶水解法测定滇黄精淀粉含量的工艺优化[J].西南农业学报,2018,31(增刊II):106-111.
[12]王伏雄,钱南芬,张玉龙,等.中国植物花粉形态(第二版)[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[13]Rao G Y,Pan K Y.Pollen morphology of the tribe Polygonateae and its systematic significance[J].Cathaya,1994(6):75-91.
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