吉林省松花江流域景观格局脆弱性变化及其驱动力
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摘要
本文以吉林省松花江流域为研究区,以1995年、2005年和2015年3期Landsat TM/ETM影像为数据源,对吉林省松花江流域景观格局、生态脆弱度的时空分布和变化特征及驱动力进行研究,结论如下:①流域不同时期气候变化存在差异,景观优势类型以耕地和林地为主,城乡用地和草地稳定增长,林地、耕地、水域呈减少趋势。②流域脆弱度以较低脆弱区和中度脆弱区为主,低脆弱区和中度脆弱区主要分布在流域中游和下游较发达地区,高脆弱区主要分布在流域东南地区和下游西北荒漠化及林草地破坏区域。③流域脆弱度总体相对稳定,呈略微上升和两极分化的趋势;脆弱度与人为活动密切相关,与地形有一定相关性,受气候变化影响并不显著,但仍能反映部分问题。
The Songhua River Basin in Jilin Province was taken as the study area,and the three Landsat TM/ETM images in 1995,2005 and 2015 were used as the data sources. The landscape pattern,spatiotemporal distribution of ecological vulnerability and its driving forces were studied. The main conclusions were as follows: ① Climate change in the drainage basin was different from different periods. The dominant landscapes were cultivated land and woodland,the areas of urban and rural land and grassland were steadily enlarged,but the areas of woodland,cultivated land and waters were in a reduction trend. ② The areas with low and moderate ecological vulnerability were dominant in the middle and lower reaches of the drainage basin,and the areas with high ecological vulnerability were mainly distributed in the southeast of the basin,northwest desertified land in the lower reaches,woodland and grassland. ③ Ecological vulnerability of the drainage basin was relatively stable and in slight increase and polarization trends. The distribution of ecological vulnerability was closely related to the human activities,and it was related to the topographical conditions to some extent. The effect of climate change was not significant,which,however,could still reflect some ecological problems.
The Songhua River Basin in Jilin Province was taken as the study area,and the three Landsat TM/ETM images in 1995,2005 and 2015 were used as the data sources. The landscape pattern,spatiotemporal distribution of ecological vulnerability and its driving forces were studied. The main conclusions were as follows: ① Climate change in the drainage basin was different from different periods. The dominant landscapes were cultivated land and woodland,the areas of urban and rural land and grassland were steadily enlarged,but the areas of woodland,cultivated land and waters were in a reduction trend. ② The areas with low and moderate ecological vulnerability were dominant in the middle and lower reaches of the drainage basin,and the areas with high ecological vulnerability were mainly distributed in the southeast of the basin,northwest desertified land in the lower reaches,woodland and grassland. ③ Ecological vulnerability of the drainage basin was relatively stable and in slight increase and polarization trends. The distribution of ecological vulnerability was closely related to the human activities,and it was related to the topographical conditions to some extent. The effect of climate change was not significant,which,however,could still reflect some ecological problems.
引文
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[10]杜军,杨青华.基于土地利用变化和空间统计学的区域生态风险分析---以武汉市为例[J].国土资源遥感,2010,22(2):102-106.[Du Jun,Yang Qinghua.An analysis of regional ecological risk based on land use change and spatial statistics:A case study in Wuhan,Hubei Province[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2010,22(2):102-106.]
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[13]张月,张飞,王娟,等.干旱区艾比湖流域典型区域景观格局脆弱度时空格局变化研究[J].灾害学,2016,31(3):222-229.[Zhang Yue,Zhang Fei,Wang Juan,et al.Evaluation of the landscape patterns vulnerability and analysis of spatial-temporal patterns in the typical region of the Ebinur Lake[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2016,31(3):222-229.]
[14]梁二敏,张军民,杨卫红.新疆玛纳斯河流域绿洲景观生态脆弱度时空分异[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(4):950-957.[Liang Ermin,Zhang Junmin,Yang Weihong.Spatiotemporal variation of landscape ecological vulnerability in oasis in the Manas River Basin,Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(4):950-957.]
[15]Turner M G,Romme W H,Gardner R H,et al.A revised concept of landscape equilibrium:Disturbance and stability on scaled landscapes[J].Landscape Ecology,1993,8(3):213-227.
[16]徐燕,孙小银,张大智,等.1980-2015年南四湖流域景观格局及其脆弱度[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):635-642.[Xu Yan,Sun Xiaoyin,Zhang Dazhi,et al.Landscape pattern and its vulnerability of Nansihu Lake basin during 1980-2015[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(2):635-642.]
[17]郭维东,王丽,高宇,等.辽河中下游水文生态完整性模糊综合评价[J].长江科学院院报,2013,30(5):13-16.[Guo Weidong,Wang Li,Gao Yu,et al.Fuzzy comprehensive assessment of hydroecological integrity for middle and lower reaches of Liaohe River[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2013,30(5):13-16.]
[18]汪雪格,胡俊,吕军,等.松花江流域1956-2014年径流量变化特征分析[J].中国水土保持,2017(10):61-65.[Wang Xuege,Hu Jun,LüJun,et al.Variation characteristics of annual run off in the Songhua River Basin from 1956 to 2014[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2017(10):61-65.]
[19]欧阳志云,王效科.中国生态环境敏感性及其区域差异规律研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(1):9-12.[Ouyang Zhiyun,Wang Xiaoke.China’s eco-environmental sensitivity and its spatial heterogeneity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,20(1):9-12.]
[20]游巍斌,何东进,巫丽芸,等.武夷山风景名胜区景观生态安全度时空分异规律[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6 317-6 327.[You Weibin,He Dongjin,Wu Liyun,et al.Temporal-spatial differentiation and its change in the landscape ecological security of Wuyishan Scenery District[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(21):6 317-6 327.]
[21]李克让,曹明奎,於琍,等.中国自然生态系统对气候变化的脆弱性评估[J].地理研究,2005,24(5):653-663.[Li Kerang,Cao Mingkui,Yu Li,et al.Assessment of vulnerability of natural ecosystems in China under the changing climate[J].Geographical Research,2005,24(5):653-663.]
[22]Soler L D S,Verburg P H.Combining remote sensing and household level data for regional scale analysis of land cover change in the Brazilian Amazon[J].Regional Environmental Change,2010,10(4):371-386.
[23]刘吉平,董春月,盛连喜,等.1955-2010年小三江平原沼泽湿地景观格局变化及其对人为干扰的响应[J].地理科学,2016,36(6):879-887.[Liu Jiping,Dong Chunyue,Sheng Lianxi,et al.Landscape pattern change of the marsh and its response to human disturbance in the Small Sanjiang Plain,1955-2010[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(6):879-887.]
[24]梁佳欣,李新举.南四湖湿地景观格局脆弱度的时空分异特征[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):626-634.[Liang Jiaxin,Li Xinju.Characteristics of temporal-spatial differentiation in landscape pattern vulnerability in Nansihu Lake Wetland,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(2):626-634.]
[25]庄大方,刘纪远.中国土地利用程度的区域分异模型研究[J].自然资源学报,1997,12(2):105-111.[Zhuang Dafang,Liu Jiyuan.Study on the model of regional differentiation of land use degree in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1997,12(2):105-111.]
[26]Zang Z,Zou X,Zuo P,et al.Impact of landscape patterns on ecological vulnerability and ecosystem service values:An empirical analysis of Yancheng Nature Reserve in China[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,72:142-152.
[27]李继红,胡庆磊.基于生态干扰度的宝清县湿地景观动态分析[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(5):154-159,194.[Li Jihong,Hu Qinglei.Dynamic appraisals of landscape pattern in Baoqing County wetland based on eco-disturbance degree[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(5):154-159,194.]
[2]Smiraglia D,Ceccarelli T,Bajocco S,et al.Unraveling landscape complexity:Land use/land cover changes and landscape pattern dynamics(1954-2008)incontrasting peri-urban and agro-forest regions of Northern Italy[J].Environmental Management,2015,56(4):916-932.
[3]陈颐,林毅伟,朱志鹏,等.基于RS和GIS的莆田市土地利用景观格局变化分析[J].西北林学院学报,2017,32(1):279-286.[Chen Yi,Lin Yiwei,Zhu Zhipeng,et al.Changes of land use and landscape pattern in Putian based on RS and GIS[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2017,32(1):279-286.]
[4]王根绪,郭晓寅,程国栋.黄河源区景观格局与生态功能的动态变化[J].生态学报,2002,22(10):1 587-1 598.[Wang Genxu,Guo Xiaoyin,Cheng Guodong.Dynamic variations of landscape pattern and the landscape ecological functions in the source area of the Yellow River[J].Acta Ecological Sinica,2002,22(10):1 587-1 598.]
[5]Fu B,Liang D,Lu N.Landscape ecology:Coupling of pattern,process,and scale[J].Chinese Geographical Science,2011,21(4):385-391.
[6]巩杰,钱彩云,钱大文.1977-2013年疏勒河中下游土地利用变化与环境响应[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(4):775-781.[Gong Jie,Qian Caiyun,Qian Dawen.Land use change and response of environment in the middle-lower reaches of the Shule River basin during the period of 1977-2013[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(4):775-781.]
[7]杜金龙,朱记伟,解建仓,等.近25 a关中地区土地利用及其景观格局变化[J].干旱区研究,2018,5(1):217-226.[Du Jinlong,Zhu Jiwei,Xie Jiancang,et al.Changes of land use and landscape pattern in the Guanzhong Area in recent 25 years[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,5(1):217-226.]
[8]刘亚文,阿不都沙拉木·加拉力丁,阿拉努尔·艾尼娃尔,等.1989-2016年吐鲁番高昌区绿洲时空格局变化及其驱动因素[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(4):945-953.[Liu Yawen,Abdushalam Jalaliding,Alanuer Aniwaer,et al.Spatiotemporal change of the oasis in Gaochang,Turpan and its driving factors during the period of 1989-2016[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(4):945-953.]
[9]喻锋,李晓兵,王宏,等.皇甫川流域土地利用变化与生态安全评价[J].地理学报,2006,61(6):87-95.[Yu Feng,Li Xiaobing,Wang Hong,et al.Land use change and eco-security assessment of Huangfuchuan Watershed[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2006,61(6):87-95.]
[10]杜军,杨青华.基于土地利用变化和空间统计学的区域生态风险分析---以武汉市为例[J].国土资源遥感,2010,22(2):102-106.[Du Jun,Yang Qinghua.An analysis of regional ecological risk based on land use change and spatial statistics:A case study in Wuhan,Hubei Province[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2010,22(2):102-106.]
[11]Mo W,Wang Y,Zhang Y,et al.Impacts of road network expansion on landscape ecological risk in a megacity,China:A case study of Beijing[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,574:1 000-1 011.
[12]孙才志,闫晓露,钟敬秋.下辽河平原景观格局脆弱度及空间关联格局[J].生态学报,2014,34(2):247-257.[Sun Caizhi,Yan Xiaolu,Zhong Jingqiu.Evaluation of the landscape patterns vulnerability and analysis of spatial correlation patterns in the lower reaches of Liaohe River Plain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(2):247-257.]
[13]张月,张飞,王娟,等.干旱区艾比湖流域典型区域景观格局脆弱度时空格局变化研究[J].灾害学,2016,31(3):222-229.[Zhang Yue,Zhang Fei,Wang Juan,et al.Evaluation of the landscape patterns vulnerability and analysis of spatial-temporal patterns in the typical region of the Ebinur Lake[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2016,31(3):222-229.]
[14]梁二敏,张军民,杨卫红.新疆玛纳斯河流域绿洲景观生态脆弱度时空分异[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(4):950-957.[Liang Ermin,Zhang Junmin,Yang Weihong.Spatiotemporal variation of landscape ecological vulnerability in oasis in the Manas River Basin,Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(4):950-957.]
[15]Turner M G,Romme W H,Gardner R H,et al.A revised concept of landscape equilibrium:Disturbance and stability on scaled landscapes[J].Landscape Ecology,1993,8(3):213-227.
[16]徐燕,孙小银,张大智,等.1980-2015年南四湖流域景观格局及其脆弱度[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):635-642.[Xu Yan,Sun Xiaoyin,Zhang Dazhi,et al.Landscape pattern and its vulnerability of Nansihu Lake basin during 1980-2015[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(2):635-642.]
[17]郭维东,王丽,高宇,等.辽河中下游水文生态完整性模糊综合评价[J].长江科学院院报,2013,30(5):13-16.[Guo Weidong,Wang Li,Gao Yu,et al.Fuzzy comprehensive assessment of hydroecological integrity for middle and lower reaches of Liaohe River[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2013,30(5):13-16.]
[18]汪雪格,胡俊,吕军,等.松花江流域1956-2014年径流量变化特征分析[J].中国水土保持,2017(10):61-65.[Wang Xuege,Hu Jun,LüJun,et al.Variation characteristics of annual run off in the Songhua River Basin from 1956 to 2014[J].Soil and Water Conservation in China,2017(10):61-65.]
[19]欧阳志云,王效科.中国生态环境敏感性及其区域差异规律研究[J].生态学报,2000,20(1):9-12.[Ouyang Zhiyun,Wang Xiaoke.China’s eco-environmental sensitivity and its spatial heterogeneity[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2000,20(1):9-12.]
[20]游巍斌,何东进,巫丽芸,等.武夷山风景名胜区景观生态安全度时空分异规律[J].生态学报,2011,31(21):6 317-6 327.[You Weibin,He Dongjin,Wu Liyun,et al.Temporal-spatial differentiation and its change in the landscape ecological security of Wuyishan Scenery District[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(21):6 317-6 327.]
[21]李克让,曹明奎,於琍,等.中国自然生态系统对气候变化的脆弱性评估[J].地理研究,2005,24(5):653-663.[Li Kerang,Cao Mingkui,Yu Li,et al.Assessment of vulnerability of natural ecosystems in China under the changing climate[J].Geographical Research,2005,24(5):653-663.]
[22]Soler L D S,Verburg P H.Combining remote sensing and household level data for regional scale analysis of land cover change in the Brazilian Amazon[J].Regional Environmental Change,2010,10(4):371-386.
[23]刘吉平,董春月,盛连喜,等.1955-2010年小三江平原沼泽湿地景观格局变化及其对人为干扰的响应[J].地理科学,2016,36(6):879-887.[Liu Jiping,Dong Chunyue,Sheng Lianxi,et al.Landscape pattern change of the marsh and its response to human disturbance in the Small Sanjiang Plain,1955-2010[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(6):879-887.]
[24]梁佳欣,李新举.南四湖湿地景观格局脆弱度的时空分异特征[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):626-634.[Liang Jiaxin,Li Xinju.Characteristics of temporal-spatial differentiation in landscape pattern vulnerability in Nansihu Lake Wetland,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2018,29(2):626-634.]
[25]庄大方,刘纪远.中国土地利用程度的区域分异模型研究[J].自然资源学报,1997,12(2):105-111.[Zhuang Dafang,Liu Jiyuan.Study on the model of regional differentiation of land use degree in China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1997,12(2):105-111.]
[26]Zang Z,Zou X,Zuo P,et al.Impact of landscape patterns on ecological vulnerability and ecosystem service values:An empirical analysis of Yancheng Nature Reserve in China[J].Ecological Indicators,2017,72:142-152.
[27]李继红,胡庆磊.基于生态干扰度的宝清县湿地景观动态分析[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(5):154-159,194.[Li Jihong,Hu Qinglei.Dynamic appraisals of landscape pattern in Baoqing County wetland based on eco-disturbance degree[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(5):154-159,194.]
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